Escherichia Coli Related Cystitis Prevalence and Pathogenicity

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When one speaks of transmittable diseases one does not often think that cystitis is one of the most prevalent. Cystitis effects both genders, the young, the old and can lead to complications that can do irreparable damage to the urinary tract. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the disease of cystitis and relate the specific virulence factors of Escherichia coli to the prevalence and symptoms of cystitis. This will be accomplished by defining the disease, its etiology and the causative agent. The mode of transmission and risk factors will be discussed as well, the pathogenesis, signs and symptoms will be explained. Finally dietary and nutritional implication along with treatment and prognosis will conclude this paper.
Definition of Disease
Cystitis more commonly known as a urinary tract infection (UTI) or bacteriuria is a chronic infectious disease defined as inflammation of the urinary tract including the bladder and urinary tissue. Signs and symptoms develop due to aggravated epithelial tissue that line the bladder and urinary tract effected by the bacteria infecting them. There is a greater prevalence in women than in men, however when men develop a UTI they are at greater risk for complications such as pyelonephritis or septicemia (Lehne 2013). Bauman (2013) states that 32% of women will experience cystitis in their lifetime. Lehne (2013) states that up to 35% of sexually active females will develop a urinary tract infection each year and that up to 50% of females in nursing homes have cystitis at any given time.
Etiology
A urinary tract infection in humans is caused when a pathogen such as Escherichia coli that normally resides in our intestinal tract is transferred through inadvertent means to a urethra. McCance (20...

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... Treatment of Infectios Diseases. 5 Wall Street Bulington, MA 01803: Jones and Bartlett Learning 5 Wall Street Bulington, MA 01803. Retrieved from http://books.google.ca/books?id=xXPL2rfvfL8C&lpg=PR1&pg=PR2#v=onepage&q&f= false
Di Martino, P., Agniel, R., David, K., Templer, C., Gaillard, J., Denys, P., & Botto, H. (2006). Reduction of Escherichia coli adherence to uroepithelial bladder cells after consumption of cranberry juice: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled cross-over trial. World Journal of Urology, 24(1), 21-27. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.nic.bc.ca:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.nic.bc.ca:20 48/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mnh&AN=16397814&site=ehost-live
Bauman, R. W. Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company, Subs of Addison Wesley Longman, Inc 2013 United States ed of 4th revised ed.

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