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Literature review of classroom management techniques
Literature review of classroom management techniques
Classroom management and organisation
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As a teacher managing problem behavior in your classroom can be one of the most challenging tasks. Behavior problems can range from disruption of lessons to acts of violence against fellow students and teachers. Children’s emotional setbacks and life challenges can also contribute to behavior issues at school. A study done by the Justice Center and the Public Policy Research Institute found that six out of ten students suffered from an “emotional disturbance” and were expelled or suspended between seventh and twelfth grade (Firke, 2011). This same study showed that discipline varied greatly between schools. This report also revealed the urgent need for a more thoughtful technique in school discipline policies. In many cases teachers have exhausted their classroom management strategies without success. Behavior Modification is aimed at improving school and classroom behavior, and can give teachers additional tools to help them to deal proactively and effectively with behaviors that are disruptive to students and teachers in the classroom. When children are disruptive in the classroom it can cause a lot of problems for their classmates and their teacher. Yet, in the long run, it's the disruptive child themselves who is most impacted, on both a social and educational level (Epstein, Atkins, Cullinan, Kutash, & Weaver, 2008). Behavior modification techniques should be used in school, to change the negative behaviors, and increase the positive behaviors seen in these children. Currently, the public school system has failed to have a universal discipline strategy, and many schools take a school to prison approach, to weed out the bad seeds that they are incapable of managing. Many of these students have been victims of po... ... middle of paper ... ...008). Reducing Behavior Problems in the Elementary School Classroom: A Practice Guide (NCEE #2008-012). Washington, DC: National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved from http://ies. ed.gov/ncee/wwc/publications/practiceguides. Smith, K. (n.d.). Behavior modification. a proactive intervention for the classroom. Unpublished manuscript, Institute on Community Integration, University of Minnosota, Minneapolis, Minnosota. Retrieved from http://www.cehd.umn. edu/ceed/publications/tipsheets/preschoolbehaviortipsheets/behmod.pdf Firke, B. US Department of Education, Public Policy Research Institute. (2011). Ending the school to prison pipeline Washington, DC: Retrieved from http://www.ed.gov/blog/2011/07/ending-the-school-to-prison-pipeline/
The school to prison pipeline is a phenomenon that refers to the practices and policies that have pushed school children, especially the most at-risk children, out of classrooms and into the juvenile justice system. This disturbing occurrence indicates the prioritization of incarceration over the education of children. Most alarmingly, many of the children being targeted have learning disabilities or histories of poverty, abuse or neglect. Instead of being targeted, these children would much rather benefit from additional counseling and educational services. Moreover, the knowledge acquired in this course will be incorporated in this paper and used to explain the points made. In this term paper, what will be discussed is the expansion of the zero tolerance policy, the different views on the policy, who is mostly targeted, the effects on the juveniles and any alternative solutions that could diminish this dismaying occurrence for becoming a larger problem.
Throughout the years, schools have evolved in the methods they use to punish students for misbehavior. In the old days, it was a slap on the wrist or public shaming by sitting in the corner of the classroom. Then, as the years passed, the methods progressed into a trip to the principal’s office or a call home to the parents. Nowadays, troubled students are being pulled out of public schools and pushed into the juvenile justice system. This process is called the school-to-prison pipeline. The primary cause of the pipeline is zero tolerance policies. These policies severely punish students for misbehavior regardless of circumstance (Wilson 50). School shootings caused Congress to pass the Free Schools Act in 1994, which established zero tolerance
In this case, schools, without the incorporation of students and parents, chooses what constitutes deviant behavior; along these same students and parent barring means, schools then decide who is deviant; they further determine how to deal with this non-normative behavior/ deviance by compiling a paper trail in order to legitimize disposing of particular students. It is vital to note that “troublemakers,” as frequently labeled, act in similar ways as many of the other students, yet get more severe punishments. The adolescents in these types of schools are all seen as criminals due to the labels that have been placed on them, thus are easily criminalized from coming up short in the socially constructed educational system, which prompts suspensions and eventually expulsions. The youth control complex or “web of control” in which institutions create a social fabric, manages most of the youth as criminals. The police, school administrators, and other authorities don’t bother to try to see if these individuals’ are actually criminals, or responsible for the incidents that led them to being labeled as deviant, instead they are generalized in an amorphous way as criminals. All in all, the criminal justice system’s fabric becomes part of the social context that consistently undermines these individual’s abilities to achieve within the
Schools are in great need of systems, processes, and personnel who are able to support the needs of students with problem behavior. Research indicates, however, that (while I am a big, fat cheater) information has not been made available to teachers and other professionals in a format that allows these strategies to become common practice. Many teachers choose isolated behavioral strategies that are not applied immediately after the problem behavior has occurred.
“Minority students are being pushed out the classroom and into jail cells at alarming rates and for very minor wrongdoings”(Catherine Kate). This is very important because students are missing on their education for getting suspended or put in juvenile. We all want children to be led into successful life not to be led into a pathway to prison. The U.S prison system is fed through the school to prison pipeline. Starting in schools, some children are targeted through disciplinary action, are suspended at high rates, and are fed into the system of juvenile justice that lead to incarceration.
There are different ways that a teacher can deal with a student’s undesirable behavior. Some of these strategies are: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment or extinction. The type of r...
“Power is exercised only over free subjects, and only insofar as they are free. By this we mean individual or collective subjects who are faced with a field of possibilities in which several ways of behaving, several reactions and diverse compartments may be realized.” (Foucault)
In my twelve years of teaching experience, one thing that most of my colleagues have struggled with at some point in their career has been classroom management. Classroom management is one many keys to instructional success. Unfortunately, many have left the teaching field due to lack of knowledge of classroom management best practices.
My personal philosophy of classroom management focuses on creating an environment where children feel safe and where they feel like they belong. I will create this environment for my fourth grade class through making my expectations of the students clear while developing an engaging lesson plan and personable interactions with my students. I developed my philosophy from studying different theorists and based my philosophy on the theories of Glasser and Kounin. Glasser believed that the teacher’s roll in the classroom is that of a leader rather than a boss. He believed that students should be given power in the classroom and that the teacher should share it with the students. I will use his ‘7 caring habits’ specifically supporting and respecting to help my classroom feel safe and welcoming to my students. Meeting the individual needs of my students will be the focus of my classroom management routine. I will meet individual needs by promoting self management and self efficacy in my students by creating an environment that that has predictable and consistent daily routines while focusing on my student’s successes (Shindler, 2010). Having a predictable routine will encourage a success oriented environment and will reduce anxiety and help towards creating positive self efficacy in each of my students (Shindler, 2010). In Glasser’s Choice Theory he talks about focusing on the present and not bringing up the past (Glasser, 2010). Therefore, I will focus my classroom on being goal driven and will help each student obtain their goals. Thus, helping my students have positive self efficacy. I will apply Kounin’s technique of Momentum (Pressman, 2011). This involves the teacher keeping exercises short and moving around the room a lot so...
The school to prison pipeline continues to become one of the huge issues in an education system. In 1990s, the U.S. adopted zero-tolerance policies, which means “a strict enforcement of regulations and bans against undesirable behaviors or possession of items” (“zero”), in various education system. For preventing minor crimes that become serious crimes such as violation, murder, negligence, terrorism and more, they adopted the zero-tolerance policies. Thus, many students get prosecuted and sent into the juvenile justice system because of this policy. Under this circumstance, schools ought to accept exception and consider the reason why they broke the rule.
As I start my career as an educator I will turn to the studies of these theorists to continue to craft
School administrators must make daily decisions concerning discipline and crime prevention within the walls of the school. When students begin acting out and bullying other students and/or faculty, it is up to school administrators to control students behavior. Controlling the behavior of students can be difficult but is necessary in order to keep the school in check. School plays a significant role in shaping values of youth since so much of an adolescent’s time is spent in school. In addition, some relationships may exist between delinquent behavior and what is happening in classrooms. Today, more than ninety percent of school-age children attend school, which means that school has become the primary instrument of socialization between youth. Due to young people spending more time in school, adolescence is
In the 21st century, teachers experience many behavioral issues with students in the classroom and face challenges that are very difficult to resolve. School districts have different expectations about how students must behave during school and teachers have their own expectations about how students must behave in their classroom. Every educator has different classroom expectations and students must follow specific standards; therefore, the responsibility of the teacher is to discuss the standards with all students and make sure those expectations are clear. According to Jones and Jones (2016), teachers whose students made greater achievement gains were observed establishing rules and procedures, and carefully monitoring student’s work. In
Classroom management, involving all the strategies used by teachers in order to provide order in the classroom, can be regarded as an essential for effective teaching and learning. According to Davis (1981), “basic classroom management is just plain good sense. Yet, it can be as personal as your private lifestyle” (p.79). One of the biggest challenge teachers face day in and day out is dealing with behavior of children and young pupils in classroom. Therefore, the classroom practice of individual teachers would be the key aspect of improving the behavior of pupils in schools (Hart, 2010). One of the significant attribute of promise to teaching, especially in classroom behavior management, is teacher’s sense of efficacy. According to Woolfolk-Hoy (2000), development of self-efficacy is essential for producing effective, committed and ardent teachers, Moreover, teachers who are trained to be more effective in meeting both academic and non-academic student needs create a positive and successful classroom environment for all students (Alvares, 2007). The importance of self-efficacy in behavior management has been highlighted by Martin, linfoot, and stephenson (1999) who proposed that teacher’ responses to misbehavior may be mediated by their beliefs about their ability to deal with behavior, as well as their beliefs about the causes of student misbehavior.
Classroom management is an important component of successful teaching. It is that teachers create and maintain appropriate behavior of students in classroom settings. (1…) Kessler (2012) mentions that “[s]tudies suggest that up to 51% of children may have a diagnosable mental health disorder, many of which involve severe impairment at home or school” (Kessler et al., 2012). Classroom management is defined as “ [c]lassroom management is the term educators use to describe methods of preventing misbehavior and dealing with it if it arises. In other words, it is the techniques teachers use to maintain control