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Cultural homogenisation
Disjuncture and difference in the global cultural economy
Cultural homogenisation essay
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In the article “ Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy”, the author Arjun Appadurai mainly concerning on the global culture issues from two perspectives. In the first part, Appadurai reconstructs the history of cultural interactions and comes to the cultural globalization. Then he focuses on the current central problem of global culture in the second part by describing the complicated relationship between cultural homogenization and cultural heterogenization. And as well in the second part, Appadurai builds his own model to explore cultural disjuncture among five dimensions of global cultural flows: ethnoscapes, mediascapes, technoscapes, financescapes and ideoscapes (Appadurai, 2012, p.98).
In the history part, Appadurai starts with two main obstacles against the cultural
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(2012). Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy. In Frank J. Lechner and John Boli (Eds.), The Globalization Reader (pp. 95-103). West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bestor, Theodore C. (2012). How Sushi Went Global. In Frank J. Lechner and John Boli (Eds.), The Globalization Reader (pp. 109-113). West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Mente, Boye Lafayette De. (2008). Etiquette Guide to Japan: Know the rules that make the difference. Vermont, USA: Tuttle Publishing.
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Watson, James L. (2012). McDonald’s in Hong Kong. In Frank J. Lechner and John Boli (Eds.), The Globalization Reader (pp.114-122). West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons,
Coffin, Judith G., and Robert C. Stacey. "CHAPTER 18 PAGES 668-669." Western Civilizations: Their History & Their Culture. 16TH ed. Vol. 2. New York, NY: W. W. Norton &, 2008. N. pag. Print.
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Cultural globalization involves the “spread of culture beyond the region or state from which it originated.” (Davies 1). To understand what cultural globalization is, one must understand what falls under the category of culture, which includes religion, language,
Yu, Han. “Memorial on Buddhism”. Making of the Modern World 12: Classical & Medieval Tradition. Trans. Richard F. Burton. Ed. Janet Smarr. La Jolla: University Readers, 2012. 111-112. Print.
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James Watson’s McDonald’s in Hong Kong is a textbook example of globalization. According to Webster’s dictionary, globalization is defined as “worldwide integration and development”. In McDonald’s in Hong Kong, Watson discusses a well-known and successful American fast food chain migrating over seas and embedding itself in the Hong Kong culture. Although Hong Kong was already recognized as an extremely transnational civilization, there were worries that the country would lose cultural identity. The fears were that Hong Kong would become more Americanized and lessen their ties to the Cantonese ways.
Liu, Jiahe, and Dongfang Shao. “Early Buddhism and Taoism in China (A.D. 65-420).” Buddhist-Christian Studies 12 (1992): 35–41. JSTOR. Web. 7 Nov. 2013.
Stewart Gordon is an expert historian who specializes in Asian history. He is a Senior Research Scholar at the Center for South Asian Studies at the University of Michigan and has authored three different books on Asia. Gordon’s When Asia Was The World uses the narratives of several different men to explore The Golden Age of medieval Asia. The fact that this book is based on the travels and experiences of the everyday lives of real people gives the reader a feeling of actually experiencing the history. Gordon’s work reveals to the reader that while the Europeans were trapped in the dark ages, Asia was prosperous, bursting with culture, and widely connected by trade. This book serves to teach readers about the varieties of cultures, social practices, and religions that sprang from and spread out from ancient Asia itself and shows just how far Asia was ahead of the rest of the world
Moreover, as explicated by (Tan, 2016), culture was historically linked to the processes of colonization which is used by European anthropologists to describe the ways of life of others characterizing non-European societies as less civilized, barbaric, and primitive, thus lacking “culture.” In fact, this prompted the supposition that European culture is better than other culture and utilized as a support for colonization. From that point on, a polarity grew to stratify social orders into high and low
Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams. An Introduction to Language. 8th ed. Boston: Thomson, 2007.
According to Royle (1999) McDonald’s is a very large multinational enterprise (MNE) and the largest food service operation in the world. Currently the company has 1.5 million workers with 23,500 stores in over 110 countries with the United Kingdom and Germany amongst the corporation’s six biggest markets, and over 12,000 restaurants in the United States. In 1974 the United Kingdom corporation was established and in 1971 the Germany corporation was established, currently the combined corporation has over 900 restaurants and close to 50,000 employees in each of these countries (Royle, 1999).
Vignali, C. (2001). McDonald’s: “think global, act local”--the marketing mix. British Food Journal, 103(2), pp.97--111.
Oslon, L. R. (2011). The essentiality of "culture" in the study of religion and politics. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 50(4), 639-653.
Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., & Hyams, N. (2003). An introduction to language (7th ed.). Boston: Heinle.
There are two fundamental issues about Japanese politeness. Firstly, when an English source text is translated into Japanese, the translator should determine the target Japanese text’s