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Discuss the 3 stages of learning and show how they are all relevant to your performance level
Skill acquisition is defined as the process by which an individual is able to learn/acquire a new skill. It involves the bodies mental processors working along side the physical processors in order to complete an action that may have been previously unfamiliar to the individual. In this task, what was required of the individual (myself) was to learn the actions/processors of the juggling skill.
Cognitive (Planning) Stage:
The cognitive stage is the first stage of skill acquisition. This stage involves the individual understanding and processing what is required within the skill/task, as well as getting to know the sub-routines of the action. It is characterised by gross errors with high frequency due to low levels of coordination, frustration, low confidence and low levels of fluency. Feedback needs to be positive and constructive, provided extrinsically, in order to get the most out if the individual. Learning
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Neuromuscular receptors send signals to the brain indicating the progression of how the action is carried out by the body. This was an important form of feedback for myself in elements of the associative stage for both my standard and bounce juggling, as well as the autonomous stage of my standard juggling in particular.
Extrinsic Feedback:
Extrinsic feedback involves external forces giving the individual feedback on the movement pattern. This is useful in critiquing technique and providing explanation as too why errors are being produced. During the cognitive and associative stage of my standard and bounce juggling, I was reliant on video analysis produced by both professionals and myself in order to recognise and correct faults in my technique. Coaching by my teacher and other peers also allowed me to overcome error.
Concurrent
In Matthew Sanders, “Becoming a Learner: Realizing the Opportunity of Education,” he teaches the readers that there is much more to college than the basic material in which we learn. We should approach our college education with an optimistic view on learning both who we truly are, as well as the material for specific job skills. Matthew Sanders states, “I am suggesting that you be more concerned about who you are becoming as a learner rather than about the specific job skills you may be acquiring.” It is vital to our growth in our educational studies. There are so many opportunities that come our way during college.
Matthew L. Sanders discusses the necessity of taking responsibility for one’s own education in a section of his book Becoming a Learner: Realizing the Opportunity of Education. In this section, Sanders explains how he initially blamed an instructor for not teaching him sufficiently and then learned that “No matter what kind of teacher you have, no matter what kind of class you are taking, if you are a learner you will set out to understand the material and create opportunities for success.” This statement is true and the concept can be applied through many methods to create success for students if they are willing to put forth effort.
Erik Erikson’s view on the development of learners has eight stages however; the book only goes into the first five stages. The first stage of psychosocial development is Trust vs. Mistrust. This stage occurs in the first year of life. During this stage, according to Erikson is when a child develops trust. If a child is not take properly taken care of during this stage the child will most likely develop mistrust for others, however if a child is properly taken care of they will develop trust for others and the environment they live in (Snowman, McCown 18). In the article, I found it considers this the first psychosocial crisis a child will encounter. The article also states that this stage is where children develop the sense of hope (McLeod
Learning how to produce an effective motor skill takes time and practice. You must also analyze each individual moving part of the body during the action. An example of learning a motor skill could be seen by analyzing a baseball swing. It can be broken down into four small parts. The first movement we analyze would be the initial step toward the pitcher. Next, a rotation of the hips should be observed. The arms should be observed extending out toward the ball after the hip rotation. Finally, the follow through must culmi...
Theorists such as Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky, Erik Erikson, Sigmund Freud, and Lawrence Kohlberg have studied and documented information about the stages of childhood development. The three main stages of childhood development are early childhood, middle childhood and adolescence. Each stage contains developmental behaviors and characteristics of different age groups. However, the childhood development stage that this paper is focus on is the middle childhood stage. During this phase in a child’s life, they go through a variety of changes. Such changes include; physical, cognitive, social and emotional changes. According to this course text, HDEV (2010), middle childhood comprises children between the ages of 6 to 12 years. In addition, in relation to the information that is presented in this text about the
The Natural Human Learning Process is a process that the brain goes through when learning different skills. According to Dr. Smilkstein’s this process is divided into six steps. The first step is the motivation stage. This step is when the brain begins to gain the desire to do something for many different reasons. Sometimes, she says, we learn things because we feel as though “we have too”. The second step is the beginning practice step. This is the trial and error stage. The third step is the advanced practice stage, where you start doing the action over and over. The fourth step is the skillfulness stage, where you are starting to get really good at what you’re doing. You become more confident about your skill in this stage. The skill starts to become natural because the skill has been tried over continuously. The fifth step is the refinement stage. In this step you start to experiment with doing different things. For example the ingredients might change if the skill is cooking. In the last step mastery, is when the skill is able to be taught to others (Smilkstein).
Kolb’s learning cycle is used to break up the learning process into different stages, such as doing, reflecting, conceptualizing and experiencing (Kurian, 2013, p.162). The use of Kolb’s learning cycle (1984) has a wide impact on the advancements in learning. Within the four stages, the practitioner would have taken part in a task and would have noted down their observations. At this stage the practitioner would have begun to see the positives and negatives of the task that they have just carried out. From then on the practitioner will form new ideas from the observation notes. Later, being able to use these new ideas to plan their task effectively. Once the practitioner has implemented their task, for the second time with the new ideas. Kolb’s learning cycle (1984) begins again. However, Kolb’s model has been criticized due to the fact that it does not give a wide range of detail about the process of reflection, and lacks evidence. It can sometimes be seen as rigid and sequential (Trodd, 2012,
The first step of the learning cycle is information (experience), which continues on to meaning (reflection), then ideas (abstraction) and finally action (testing). As Zull describes in his book, when we learn we change; we do something new or better, or we may stop doing something altogether (2002). The completion of the learning cycle is heavily influenced on the stimulus of emotions and its influence on motivation, attitude, and behavior. The emotions felt during each phase of the cycle allows us to change and influences what happens next, whether we want to improve on something or stop doing
Analyze the various processes within each of these three learning theories from a self-regulation perspective and recommend a strategy to use each theory in a professional situation in your specialization of psychology to enhance self-regulated learning.
In general, one of the most common ways of learning is generic learning and this is applicable for all type of learners and in this learning takes place in a repetitive cycle, an ongoing series of process. It is very clear that learning needs to meet people’s basic needs to understand, appreciate and to evaluate the prominence of the learning process. People learn best when their physical and psychological environment is comfortable. According to Maslow
The cognitive development perspective focuses on how children construct knowledge and how their constructions change over time. Piaget believed that children naturally try to make sense of their world, by engaging, touching, sucking, listening, and looking. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development was inspired by observing his own kids, and how they interacted with their surroundings. Piaget describes four major stages of cognitive development. Each stage represents a change in children and how they learn and understand their environment around them. It begins at birth until about 2 years of age. It is based on sense and motor skills. And how well they physically interact with their surroundings. Motor skills can be defined as anything that requires an infant to use their muscles, such as
Cognitive development theory was propounded by Piaget in (1972). Piaget proposed that cognitive development from infant to young adult occurs in four universal and consecutive stages. The four stages are; sensorimotor - birth to 2 years, preoperational - 2 years to 7 years, concrete operational - 7 years to 11 years and formal operational (abstract thinking) 11 years and up. Each stage has major cognitive tasks which must be accomplished. In the sensorimotor stage, the mental structures are mainly concerned with the mastery of concrete objects. The mastery of symbols takes place in the preoperational stage. In the concrete stage, children learn mastery of classes, relations and numbers and how to reason. The last stage deals with the mastery
I think that understanding each stage will not only help you to better understand what the
According to Erikson, human development occurs in eight stages though-out life. At each stage, individuals work through transitional conflicts a necessary mean of development by undertaking certain developmental tasks (Nugent, 2005, p. 99). The theories of Erik Erkson were used to analyze and interpret the responses.
My gross motor skills at this age actually began to improve and I began to develop at a somewhat normal rate. My parents put me in dance class at age four. Dance was something that I really excelled at, and it helped me to develop better muscle coordination so that I was not quite as clumsy as before. This also helped me begin develop later motor skills at a normal