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Negative effects of arranged marriages
The effect of arranged marriage
Literature review on the effects of child marriages
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Collectivism is a group that share one only goal and does not accept any individual to think or act on their own. Individuals should sacrifice they desires for the group and focus only on the demands of its organization.
Every old generation on the movie, played by Lindo, An-mei, Ying-Ying and Suyuan shows collectivism in their lives when lived in China. Because of the culture of women being submissive they rarely have an opinion and have to obey by the rules of the men, they are sold to get married and provide babies, they are violated , and disrespected by their spouses. Their daughters were also showing signs of being submissive on their relationships, but because of the mothers interference, and for experienced that life style in their past, they helped the daughters turn out and fix the relationships.
Lindo was sent to a match maker by the age of 15 to get married with a man she does not know and to provide a child to the man’s family. As a cultural and traditional, the Chinese believe in match making two families with a similar conditions as wealth and social status (Groom & Bride. n.d.).
An-mei was separated from her mother by her grandparents at a young age, after her grandparents accused An-mei’s mother of breaking a widow vows and remarry another man, not know that the reason she married the rich merchant was because she got raped by this man and got pregnant as a result, to protect her baby she decided to marry him and become his 4th wife. In China depending of the man social status it is legal to marry more than one woman (Women in modern china. n.d.).
Ying-Ying got married at a young age with a friend of the family and got pregnant by him. Ying-Ying had to put up with adultery when her husband start seeing other women...
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However, as an adult Lim Hue-lieng removed himself from the Lim household and created his own life separate from his family. Then only to become part of his father’s house once again, he agreed to marry Lim A-pou (Wolf 50). They had two children together, but their relationship was formal at best. He hardly spent time with his wife (Wolf 51). Instead, he formed a relationship with his mistress and second wife, Lim So-lan. In Lim Hue-lieng’s instance, the tradition, although upheld, was not respected since he spent more time with Lim So-lan. His marriage to his foster sister hardly interested him and did not affect his life as much as his marriage to Lim his second
However, this “ladder of success” was not as simple as it seemed. First of all, the class of both families will be a huge barrier. We are not even talking about freedom to love here, there is no such thing in late imperial China. Although we can’t say that love doesn’t exist even in such systems, such as Shen Fu and Chen Yun, but most marriages are not about love. Rather, it was about exchange of values. For example, when two families want to become business partners, the parents of the family will have their son and daughter married, so the two families will have closer bonding which made the business much easier. In this sense, we can see that the couple is simply a tool. In the same sense, the families which has not much “values” can only have marriages with the same class of families. Meaning for a women to climb up the ladder of success is not quite possible as the class of her family is a huge deciding factor for marriage in the
Family became an important aspect in Mah’s life. In the Chinese culture family is typically a vital part of the way of life. Mah may have been ashamed the way her first marriage ended and did not want the same with this man she met named Leon. Leon is a Chinese immigrant and family is his priority. Mah and Leon marry and have two girls, Ona and Nina. They form a family like connection more than ever before. Leon was a fairly stable man and loved his family. Mah and Leon were b...
... to the husband. Yet the reader is presented with woman Wang, who ran away with another man from her husband, Jen. Some of the reasons of her departure could have been neglect from her husband, that she had bound feet and that she had no children. Her actions contradicted any moral wife at that time. After relentless pursuit of happiness woman Wang returned home, there she met her death. The Legal Code justified certain parameters of vengeance on behave of the husband toward his adulterous wife. Nevertheless, Jen was not allowed by the law to simply slaughter his wife. Moreover Jen accused an innocent Kao, for which Jen could have been sentenced to death. Were woman Wang's actions right is for the reader to decide.
The word collectivism often makes people cringe. Overall, there is a general fear of not being able to make personal decisions in America. According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, collectivism can be defined as; emphasis on collective rather than individual action or identity (“Collectivism”). In Anthem, Ayn Rand describes an extreme collectivist society.
When Lu Xun was born, Chinese society had been following the same traditions for generations. A pillar of these traditions, strict social hierarchies particularly oppressed women. Instead of having a say in their lives, they were subject to their father, their husbands, their husband’s family, and then even to their sons. Marriages were arranged, and in the event of the death of a husband, the woman would be expected to remain chaste even to the extent of choosing suicide over remarriage. Social hierarchies also restricted the intermingling of classes with strict social rituals separating the elite from the common. During Lu Xun’s early years, however, society had begun to get restless, and many pushed for change. At the forefront of the changing tides in Chinese society, Lu Xun advocated for change in the ancient social hierarchies that had directed Chinese society for generations in his stories “My Old Home” and “New Year’s Sacrifice” which specifically responded to the injustices of the traditional system against women and the arbitrariness of the separation between classes that the hierarchical system imposed.
...bowen/314fall/novels/lit.html) Each in their own way has learned a lot from their mothers and can see over the gap that divides them. In the Hsu family especially there is a strong sense of loyalty that is based on through each generation. “You must peel off your skin, and that of your mother, and her mother before her. Until there is nothing. No scar, no skin, no flesh.” (Tan41) It is most important in Chinese culture to remember who you are and where you came from.
The film explains the difference between Chinese and American values of gender in marriage and family as well. It clearly shows how Chinese woman is expected to good wives for their chosen husband. Girls are promised at an early age to a man. In the film Aunty Lindo had an arranged marriage when she was only four years old. In an American marriage, it is supposed to be based on a love and connection between two people.
The fact that the fictional mothers and daughters of the story have unhappy marriages creates a common ground on which they can relate. However, marriage has different meanings for each generation in this book. In the mothers’ perspective, marriage is permanent and not always based on love. Especially with their marriages in China, which was a social necessity that they must secretly endure in order to be happ...
“The Bridegroom” by Ha Jin, is a short story about a man struggling with homosexuality in modern day China. The narrator, Old Chang, is the non-biological father of a young woman named Beina. Old Change promised to take care of Beina after her father, a close family friend, passed away. Beina then gets married to a very handsome man named Huang Baowen. Baowen quickly becomes the focus of this story. The climax of this short story is Baowen being revealed as a homosexual. This short story highlights Jin’s theme of homosexuality and shows the internal and external struggles of both Baowen and Old Cheng, through first person narrative, setting, and emotional appeal.
Today marriage is defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary as the relationship between a husband and a wife or a similar relationship between people of the same sex. For the purposes of this paper, it will focus on marriage between a man and a woman and how marriage is differently defined between the American and Chinese cultures. This paper will discuss the cultural differences found between the American and Chinese culture with emphasis on age and mate-selection. The cultural differences between American and Chinese culture related to marriage practices shows that Americans value individualism and Chinese historically value collectivism.
ICL Document, (1988) . ICL- China Constitution: Retrieved March27, 2001 from the World Wide Web: http://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/law/ch00000_.html
In the Chinese culture, it is uncommon to be older and not married, but Shanshan is afraid that she is going to marry someone that she is not truly in love with. Shanshan’s mom kept a diary, that was about a man who she was in love with but died in the Cultural Revolution, so Shanshan’s mom could not tell him how she really felt. Shanshan read the diary after her mom died, and all the doubts that Shanshan had about marriage went away because she knew one day that she was going to find true love like her mom did. Whenever Shanshan found her true love she was not going to wait like her mom did, she was going to express her feelings toward the person she loved (Jie 1416-1426). “The story suggests that for all the changes effected by the Communists, Chinese women still face centuries-old social pressures to marry and subordinate themselves to their husbands and families (“Reader’s Guide: “Love Must Not Be Forgotten” 1415).
Zhu, Y., Warner, M., & Feng, T. (2011). “Employment relations “with Chinese characteristics”: The role of trade unions in China.” International Labour Review, vol. 150, no. 1-2, pp. 127-143. [03 April 2014]
...ying in a marriage since divorce was frowned upon during that era. Her decision was a succession for all expectations put on a woman and wife by society.