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Cross Cultural conflict
Low context culture
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Differences in High context and Low context cultures: “My family honor”
“Contexts or Environment are fields of experience that help communicators make sense of others’ behavior” (Interplay, the process of interpersonal communication. P.11.) Environment not only refers to a physical location but also the personal experiences and cultural background that the individuals bring to the conversation. There are two specific norms that shape the way people of a culture communicate. One is High Context Cultures and the other one is Low Context Cultures. High context cultures communicate their thoughts and ideas by giving cues while low context cultures tend to communicate their ideas and feelings more directly by using language. Conflicts often result
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According to the Interplay textbook, one of the characteristics of low context culture is that “the majority of information is carried in explicit verbal messages,” in contrast to high context cultures in which “important information is carried in contextual cues such as time, place, relationship, situation.” This difference can cause clashes while communicating. For instance, Sarah as a low context culture individual was asking for directions to get to Ceccé 's place and the Corsican men as high context culture individual was giving her a cue by pointed to the road that she had to drive in order to get to Ceccé’s place. Although Sarah understood what he means, she was initially afraid that she was in the wrong …show more content…
In other words, those who are members of these cultures know how the rules are and how to behave because they are part of the culture. For instance, when Sarah was explaining to Letizia the decision she had already taken of moving out of the apartment; Letizia was very angry because she felt that they were disrespecting her hospitality and she thought that Sarah did not like her. Sarah, who is part of a low context culture thought she was angry because they were moving out earlier and Letizia would lose money for the rent but, that was not the case. Letizia felt bad because they took the decision without consulting the problem in the first place with her. Letizia felt that Sarah did not consider her relationship. While members of low context culture like Sarah communicate their behaviors and thoughts in certain way; members of high context cultures may communicate theirs in an opposite way.
The difference in discussing a topic by stating clearly ideas and talk around the point can cause conflict in communication because communicators might get confuse trying to make sense of others’ point of view. In the article “Cross-cultural Conflict” by Kevin Avruch, the author describes another situation in which negotiations across borders led to a war between Egypt and Israel because they
People in different countries still have the high culture or low context culture. (High vs. low context culture mean that low culture relies more on explicit verbal communication. High context culture is more collectivist, it values more interpersonal relationships.) In the case study Shame and Making Truth Cameron has relied on high context culture values to solve the case. He ignores their cultural beliefs and focuses more on his.
Ting-Toomey, Stella., & Chung, Leeva C. (2012). Understanding Intercultural Communication. Oxford University Press. 43, 159-160.
Martin, Judith N., and Thomas K. Nakayama. Intercultural Communication in Contexts. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2013. Print.
What do we do when we face conflict? we either run away from it, or turn to violence. Conflict usually starts as a crucial conversation that was communicated poorly. Sure, we can blame our genetic makeup for our emotions as we are hardwired to come into conflict with one another. Wynne Perry of Live Science interviewed anthropology researcher, Christopher Boehm of the University of Southern California who shed light on the issue” The genes are still making us do the same old things, which include quite a bit of conflict.” However, Boehm has some good news” Culture has given us solutions at various levels”. So, what is a crucial conversation? And, how can we handle it?
Martin, J. N., & Nakayama, T. K. (2013). Intercultural Communication in Contexts (6th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
In several occasions, conflict occurs in the communication of one or two people. Several people have thought of conflict as cases involving pouring of furious anger in a communication process. Nonetheless, conflict is the misinterpretation of an individual’s words or values (Huan & YAzdanifard, 2012). Conflict can also be due to limited resources in an organization (Riaz & Junaid, 2010). Conflict may as well arise due to poor communication or the use of inappropriate communication channel of transmission of information between the involved parties. Management of conflict has various conflict management styles that include avoidance style, forcing style, passive-aggressive style, accommodating style, collaborating style and compromising style. Workplace conflict comes in two different kinds: task involving conflict, which focuses on the approaches used in resolving the problem and blaming conflict that has the aspects of blame and never brings element of resolving problems between the conflicting parties. In the perception of several individuals, relationship conflict is negative.
Culture is the clothing each of us dawn every day that give people around us a general sense of who we are. The language around a culture is the code in which we communicate with one another in our own culture. When two of the same cultures are interacting, nothing is lost in translation, nothing is misunderstood, and above all they have had relatively the same personal experiences and see things in the same way. It is when you leave one culture and go to another culture that the code in which we use to communicate is misunderstood and things are lost in translation. Even the the cloths of our culture which identifies us in our identity wardrobe are called into question in the interaction of foreign cultures. It is important for us to know
This means that a person tries to make actions in another culture fit his/her own culture’s meanings. This can create confusion and an obvious misunderstanding if a person doesn’t even attempt to learn what another means. This can also cause frustration between the people involved because there isn’t clear communication between the two groups. The closest I’ve come to having an experience that relates to this happened while in Hawai’i. We visited a Polynesian Cultural Center where we learned about different cultures and how different actions and things had different associations. One example was entering through the chief’s door in different tribes; in one tribe, it was extremely disrespectful and resulted in death, while in others it wasn’t a big
Communication is a crucial aspect in people’s everyday life. Everything from word choice to personal perception can influence the interactants’ behaviors and styles of communication. Kim’s Contextual Theory of Interethnic Communication depicts the many layers and facets that attribute to the communication between two people belonging to different identities or groups. While there are four layers to Kim’s theory, this paper will focus on the behavioral aspect. Kim’s theory will be analyzed and explained through the lens of associative and dissociative behaviors.
When individuals or groups from different cultures communicate, this process is called intercultural communication. The transaction process of listening and responding to people from different cultural backgrounds can be challenging. The greater the difference in culture between two people, the greater the potential of misunderstanding and mistrust. Misunderstanding and miscommunication occur between people from different cultures because of different coding rules and cultural norms, which play a major role in shaping the patterns of interaction (Jandt, 2012).
Any negotiation challenges the parties involved in a variety of ways, but parties with conflicting interests face important additional difficulties when attempting to negotiate an agreement across culture lines. Not only will the difficulties arising from the known similarities and differences of opinion be more pronounced, but also unsuspected factors could easily enter the picture and condition perceptions of the situation. In cross-cultural negotiations, a reasonable second acknowledgment should be that the hidden factors that are always at work are more likely to interfere with reaching an agreement. It is especially important that this acknowledgment be understood to apply not only to the dynamics of interactions across the table, but those of individuals on the same side of the table. [At times, it may be tempting to attribute the outcomes of negotiations to a single variable (such as the culture or the relative power of a country).] The term culture has taken on many different meanings but basically it reflects the shared values. Culture affects negotiations in different ways. In this paper, we are going to discuss the American and Jap...
In a study by Rieko Murta Richardson and Sandi W. Smitth, a study was devised to test the validity of the claim that Japan is indeed a high-context culture. Richardson and Smith cited Hall, who hypothesized that a culture can be defined as high or low context based on the messages communicators sent (Richardson). The study utilized students from universities in Central Japan, and the Midwest in America and consisted of four parts (Richardson). All conclusions were drawn from surveys completed by the students. Results showed that Japanese students respected the authority of their professors, and valued modes of communication that allowed more direct contact with the professor, like face-to-face interactions or phone calls (Richardson). Valuing more direct contact with an individual, although not specified in Hall’s list of qualifications for a High or Low Context culture, offer a reasonable sign that a culture is high-context. Methods of communication like email, which were valued more by American students, require individuals to say exactly what they mean because there is no room for subtlety or subtext (Robinson). It is necessary to explicitly state the purpose of the message, which goes against the values of a low context culture (Cooper,
Therefore, it is essential to study nonverbal and verbal communication Nonverbal communication is all forms of communication other than words themselves, which includes “body motions; vocal qualities; and the use of time, space, and even smell” (Neuliep, 2011, p. 269). On the other hand verbal communication or language “consists of symbols in the form of spoken or written words (Wood, 2014, p. 67). Thus cultures have different representations of symbols and what one culture interprets another may define or view differently. Communication is closely related to culture because communication expresses and alters culture. In a culture you learn behaviors and acceptable ideologies. This can be seen in verbal and nonverbal communication. For example, the tone of your voice is based on culture. Without communication you are unable to establish cultural differences. Your own culture directly shapes how one communicates, such as when it is appropriate to make eye contact. We are not born knowing when and how we should speak; this is a learned behavior that is taught by interaction with others. This is not an easy task because nonverbal signals differ from culture to culture. Charles Braithwaite stated, “One of the fundamental components of cultural and linguistic competence is knowing how and when to use silence as a communication tactic” (Neuliep, 2011, p. 64). Before one can communicate effectively one must understand the context in which the culture exchanges information. One must have a working awareness of how each society conveys meaning, hence high vs. low context cultures. According to the Central Michigan University text, organizational dynamics and human behavior (2009), to become a successful international manager one must develop “cross-cultural skills”. One part of the skill set involves the comprehension of the difference between high-context and low-context
Many people who go to visit or work in another country suffer some misunderstanding from the local people, because they have a different culture. Different culture will cause disparity points of view about almost everything. In the article, Intercultural Communication Stumbling Blocks by Laray M. Barna, there are five stumbling blocks mentioned that are seen in a cross-culture communication. These blocks are: language, nonverbal signs and symbols, preconceptions and stereotypes, the tendency to evaluate and high anxiety. Barna wants to use these stumbling blocks to show the common blockades between different cultures. I agree with what she thinks about the language, nonverbal signs and symbols, preconceptions and stereotypes, and the tendency
Humans have been communicating since four million years. On the other hand, the birth of culture is estimated to have taken place about 35,000 years ago. Today, both culture and communication have evolved considerably and have become interdependent of one another, to the point that communication is considered to be a product of culture. Thus, our own culture has a deep impact on our thoughts and behaviors. Since each culture has its distinct aspects, intercultural communication can be the cause of conflict and disorder. There are three main issues which are at the root of the problem of intercultural miscommunication : language as a barrier, cultural diversity and ethnocentrism. I will analyze these three notions in situations in which intercultural communication is frequent such as : the workplace, the classroom and vacation trips.