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Proposal of cooperative learning
Increasing engagement in the classroom
Increasing engagement in the classroom
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6. How can teachers incorporate collaborative/cooperative learning activities within lessons and units of study? Zarei and Keshavarz (2011) discussed that many educators think that just because their students are working in small group that they are participating in cooperative learning grouping; nonetheless, this is not the case (p.40). Cooperative learning is the techniques that students use while in groups. However, there are several ways for teachers to include collaborative/ cooperative learning activities within lessons, such as Jigsaw groups, Student Team Achievement Divisions, and Learning circles. According to Vacca, Vacca, and Mraz (2014), when students are placed in jigsaw groups of three to six, they are provided a topic that they …show more content…
How can meaningful learning be achieved with content area reading? Meaningful learning can be achieve with content area reading by teaching text that are more interesting, and allowing student choice. According to Guthrie & Klauda (2012), many of the textbooks that students read are only tailored 20 percent of the students in middle school and many of these students already know the information (p.64). In order to get students engaged in reading across the content area, teacher need to use a variety of text, including Children’s and Young Adult Literature, graphic novels, newspapers, magazines, and songs (Vacca, Vacca, Mraz, 2014, 177). Students really get engaged when educators can find songs that address some of the topic in the text. For example, when completing a lesson fitting in, I found several sounds that students listened to that go with the topic. Many of my students were extremely excited when they walked in and heard the music playing. It works and every change I get to include it into my lesson I do. Furthermore, students need to know that they will be successful when reading various text. In order to increase motivation and self-efficacy, teachers need to develop strategies to ensure students’ success. Furthermore, Guthrie & Klauda (2012) talk about matching students with books on their level (p.66). This goes back to ensuring that students are reading text at the right Lexile …show more content…
What are the relationships among curiosity arousal, conceptual conflict, and motivation? According to Chi (2008), students may have developed inappropriate ideas about a concept either in school or through at home which leads to conceptual conflict (p.61). However, it up to the teacher to develop activities that are engaging, arouse the student’s curiosity, and motivate the student to change their conceptual ideas. Davis (2001) states that teachers should allow students complete reflective activities where students are working in cooperative learning environments. This goes back to learning circles, jigsaw activities, or student teams achievement divisions. These type of activities will allow students to work with their peers and be more accepting of the correct concepts being taught. Not to mention, Vacca, Vacca, and Mraz (2014) discuss allowing students to create story impressions, develop imagery (p.181-185). I agree that it is vital to allow students to work with other students when trying to diminish misconceptions. When students are working with their peers, they are more accepting of information than they would be if the teacher lectured the information to the
Vacca, Richard T., Vacca, Jo Anna L., and Mraz, Maryann (2011). Content Area Reading: Literacy and Learning Across the Curriculum(10th Edition). Boston: Pearson.
In order for effective cooperative learning to occur five essential elements are needed; positive interdependence, face-to-face interactions, individual accountability, social skills and group processing. (Johnson, 1999, p. 70-71). Social skills being the foundation to achieving all other elements required, without this set of skills the individual learner will find it difficult to cooperate with others. Thompson (1996) “social skills are paramount to applying cooperative learning to academic tasks” (p. 84).
I have seen a video on the jigsaw -strategy in cooperative learning to help students with their reading comprehension. Huang, Liao, Huang, and Chen (2004, p. 128) stated that the jigsaw -strategy is a cooperative learning approach and it assists students with their reading comprehension. It starts with two main groups, home and expert, they all use the similar material and text that leads to the same main idea (Huang, Liao, Huang, and Chen, 2004, p. 128). With this cooperative learning approach, home groups and expert groups do research, collaborate, debate, and
Content area literacy, as with all learning, should directly relate to the students’ lives. When students can relate to a subject, they retain the information better and are more excited to learn. Relating subjects to students’ lives provides them with the desire to participate in the lesson and make connections with previous experiences. Lee (2014) wrote that “culture is the primary medium through which humans learn” (p. 10). Connecting the readings to students’ lives helps them activate their prior knowledge of culture and experience and allows them to transfer it to their learning.
In class, we have been focusing on the explanation of what Literacy III: Research and Pedagogy in Content Area Literacy actually means. Content Area Literacy is defined by as “the ability to use reading and writing for the acquisition of new content in a given discipline” (McKenna and Robinson 1990). Because of the explanation of the class, I feel as if I am learning about the background and deepening my knowledge and understanding of the class as a whole. Content Area Literacy gives each subject areas a reason to include reading strategies in those lessons. These subject areas include mathematics, science, history, and English (Hodges 2015). When you can include reading strategies in these lessons, you are expanding student’s horizons and giving them multiple exposures. I think that this is extremely beneficial in the all classrooms. As for the negatives on Content Area Literacy, it should be noted that teachers should not only focus on reading during the other subject areas. Teachers need to have a medial balance between the content area and the literacy strategies
... for teachers to choose materials that will hook students and motivate them to engage in their own learning. Teachers should provide multiple learning opportunities in which stu¬dents can experience success and can begin to build confidence in their ability to read, write, and think at higher level. By connecting strategies for learning, such as searching, compre¬hending, interpreting, composing, and teaching content knowledge, students are given the opportunity to succeed in their education. These elements include: fundamental skills such as phonemic awareness, phonemic decoding, and other word analysis skills that support word reading accuracy; text reading fluency; strategies for building vocabulary; strategies for understanding and using the specific textual features that distinguish different genres; and self-regulated use of reading comprehension strategies.
My first impression after reading the title of the article “Three Views of Content-Area Literacy: Making Inroads, Making it Inclusive, and Making up for Lost Time,” was that this was going to be an article entirely about the importance about using literature within a given content area. I believed that the three sections could be translated into the uses of content area literacy in the future of education, making content literacy included into base curriculum, and how to do all of this in a limited amount of time. After reading the entire article, it came to my attention that because of my assumptions I was just like the teachers burying their faces in the newspaper and disregarding the importance of the information placed in front of them (Hoffman, Topping, Wenrich, 2006, p. 159). Upperclassman from my area of content had discussed with me the lack of value that a class about content area literacy would provide for someone who would go on to teach ensembles in secondary institutions or higher. I now know that these views are equal to those of the ignorant teachers from the first story in the article. We believe that as content specialists that the concepts of reading and writing have no place to be taught in our classrooms, however the article has helped me realize that as future educators we need to put down the paper and listen to what is really being said about content area literacy.
Action research refers to teacher-initiated classroom investigation which is undertaken by teachers to increase their understanding of classroom teaching and learning, improve the situation in which their practice is carried out, and bring about change in their classroom practices (Kemmis & McTaggart, 1988 in Richards & Lockhart, 1996). It is small scale enquiry in classrooms, consisting of phases which recur in cycles: planning, action, observation, and reflection (Richards & Lockhart, 1996). The idea is that a teacher or group of teachers can select an issue to examine in more detail; select appropriate procedure for collecting information about the topic; collect the information, analyze it, and decide what changes might be necessary; develop action plan to bring about change in classroom behaviour; observe the effects of the action plan on teaching behaviour and reflect on its significance; and initiate a second action and so cycle if necessary (Richards & Lockhart, 1996). In other words, it is a self-reflective spiral of circles of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting and
I recently took a course on cooperative discipline and found that many of my own beliefs and practices involving discipline in the classroom were validated and reinforced throughout the class. Students do choose how they will behave and the best way (maybe even the easiest way) to get them to make the right choices in the classroom is to foster a feeling of mutual respect and to give them a sense of responsibility or classroom ownership. Kids want discipline, or maybe to put it differently they want structure and predictability. And the nice thing about Linda Albert’s cooperative discipline model is that it gives the students exactly what they need. But what are our responsibilities? Linda Albert tells us that “the ultimate goal of student behavior is to fulfill a need to belong”, so it is our job to fill that need by helping the student to feel capable, connected, and able to contribute (in a positive way) to the group.
Scarnati, J. T. (2001). Cooperative learning: make groupwork work. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 67(Fall), 71-82.
Building self-esteem, enhancing student satisfaction with the learning experience, and promoting a positive attitude toward the subject matter are all benefits of collaborative learning. A higher degree of accomplishment takes place as a group because you essentially are a team. An example of this is a sports team. In a collaborative situation it takes every member to do his or her part in order for a situation to have a greater resolution; as where a sports team needs everybody’s individual talent to win a game. In retrospect, as a group; the contributions of our own talents can make the difference between a “win or Lose situation” it gives you a sense of competition, and knowing that you can win as a group; self esteem in one’s self is accentuated. Johnson and Johnson (1989), Slavin (1967). Another benefit to collaborative learning is based on the members of your group. Every individual in the group demonstrates their own input based on where they were born, what nationality they are so on and so on. The benefit of this is that you get a different perspective on things rather than always knowing what you know. You can take information from other cultures and add or apply it to what you already know.
Reading is crucial to learning. Whether is school, home, workplace or everyday life, the benefits of literacy sets the foundation for future success. Content area reading provides strategies to students and allows ample opportunities for applicable learning through instruction. Although reading alone can provide strategies, content area hones in on the skills needed to understand not only curriculum materials, but life applications as well. Central to this process is the theory of metacognition, which describes an interaction between knowledge, experience, tasks, and strategies (Flavell, 1979).
The application of collaborative learning strategies is a process in which two or more students work together. Collaborative strategies will be used in planning, translating and reviewing the education process to form student learning through group-oriented activities. This source will also be useful in lesson planning to help explain how collaborative learning strategies in the classroom will help students in the learning process improve by interaction; how positive interdependence of collaborative learning leads to common responsibility; how collaborative learning builds students’ self-esteem, and confidence in students. This application recommends that collaborative learning strategies can be implemented with Jig-saw technique as well as in learning technology which can be accessible to all participants working in cooperative groups (Iqbal, Kousar, and Ajmal, 2011).
Collaborative learning is an educational approach that involves groups of learners working together to reach a consensus through negotiation to solve a problem, complete a task, or create a product (Bruffee, 1993). Learning occurs through active engagement among peers, wherein the main characteristics of collaborative learning are: a common task or activity; small group learning, co-operative behaviour; interdependence; and individual responsibility and accountability (Lejeune, 2003).
Furthermore, informational texts found in Reading A-Z talk about different water sources like the Mississippi River where the learner could relate too since the river crosses Minnesota. Part of the assessments done the learner indicated the dislike of reading, but through selective texts of her interest or texts that she could relate and use her background knowledge to engage on the reading would create on her motivation to read. Just as Fisher & Frey (2012) states that few readers read the introduction to know if it the text meets their needs. In order to create engagement on readers, looking at the complexity of a text as a teacher is it vital to maintain the reader joy