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Analyze henry fayol management theory
Structure of an organization
Padm 620 organizational structure assignment liberty university
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Management is a process of organization to get people to work together in order to achieve specific goals and objectives. Also, Henry Fayol defined management as “To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to co-ordinate and to control.” (Jankar, 2008) When a group of people is structured and managed to meet a common goal, its called organization, also, the achieve of organization’s goal namely personal success. So, manager is a position which have responsibilities to help organization to achieving goals. Managers follow the main step of planning, organizing, directing, and controlling to manage people. These functions are used to setting objectives and determining in advance exactly how the objectives will be met, delegating …show more content…
Because managers are often involved in leadership issues and leading can influence people to contribute to organization. In contingency theory of leadership, it thinks no one best way to manage organization, it bases on the situation and thinks different situations call for different style of management and outcomes can impact by many internal and external factors. According to McGregor’s X-Y theory, leaders should understand team member motivation. Theory X assumes employees are naturally unmotivated and dislike working, they are lazy and irresponsible. So, their leader requires to control works every step and these works need a mixture of financial incentives to make them work. However, theory Y has its place in the large scale production environment and unskilled production line work. Theory Y assumes employees are take responsibility and are motivated to objectives they are given. Also, they do not much direction. Work to these employees is like natural as play and rest. In this situation can use more participative management style. Also, according to situation, managers can use autocratic, democratic or laissez-fair leadership style. (Vikmanis, 2016) contingency theory is more flexible. However, this theory is complex, when in practice, it need a large number of data to make decision. Also, it difficult empirical …show more content…
Good manage need managers to motivate staff to acquire high work efficiency and protecting resource of organization, include human resources. According to these points, as time goes by, the scientific management theory has made a great progress. For instance, McDonalds adoption of scientific management in the service sector and it’s the most successful model on scientific management. Firstly. McDonalds divided into several departments to focus on specialization. Secondly, employees in McDonalds are trained to do standard operating procedure, it improves efficiency and profitability. Besides, according to scientific theory, human’s real motivation is high wages, McDonalds used competitive wages is similar with piece rate method in scientific management theory. In order to improve efficiency, there are some new organizational techniques, like Just-in-time have been created. (Cardoso, 2012) As the largest chain of hamburger fast food around world, McDonalds have a large number of employees. So, motivated employees have a significant meaning. According to Herzberg’s theory, McDonald remove discomfort workplace and support mental health, also, it provides a good future development chance for their employees and give them the feeling of achievements from work to motivated them. (Nawaz, 2011) Also, using contemporary theories of
Management is the basis of how any given organization operates and how each activity preformed is organized that makes each day possible and profitable for the overall good of the company. Power and responsibility levels are ranked amongst each individuals own skill set, education, and experience level in an organization. Management has many levels depending on each individual company and its size. This can consist of several people answering to one main head of operations, or thousands upon thousands answering to several different tiers of management (Bauer & Erdogan, 2012).
Originally presented in the 1964 article “A contingency model of leadership effectiveness”, Fred Fiedler’s Contingency Theory states that there is no one best managerial style effective for all situations. Rather, effective leadership is attained when leader style and situational forces or aligned. (Fiedler, 1964)
Managers are responsible for setting goal and objectives for their staff .And the setting objectives managers must work with team .Managers ensure that the team objectives are met when the objective individual and specific to team .They can easily focus their target, improving and increasing customer satisfaction.
An organization’s structure can affect its efficiency and productivity. The two main management theories are the Classic Theory and Theory X. Classical theory is defined as a management theory of a large organization in which management is led by intuition to motivate and control employees (Hamilton, 2008 p. 41). The Classic Theory can be divided into two large subgroups, scientific managers and bureaucratic theorists. Scientific manager’s focus is on reducing production costs while bureaucratic theorists focus is on administrative efficiency (Hamilton, 2008 p. 43). Although Theory X is not a large subgroup of the Classical Theory, it is under the classical theory and its crucial point is that workers are assumed lazy; therefore managers punish them to motivate them. Managers of Theory X believe that the average person; will avoid work because they do not like work, will not strive to achieve objectives, will avoid responsibilit...
Compare and contrast the management theories of Frederick Taylor, Henri Fayol, Elton Mayo and Douglas McGregor. In what sense(s) are these theories similar and/or compatible? In what sense(s) are these theories dissimilar and/or incompatible? How would a contingency theorist reconcile the points of dissimilarity and/or incompatibility between these approaches?
“Contingency theory is a class of behavioral theory claiming that there is no best way to organize a corporation, lead a company, or make decisions” (Pfeffer, 1997). There is no simple or one right way to run things. In the 1950’s and 1960’s, two men named Henri Fayrol and Frederick Taylor continued the study of contingency theory. Research in the 1970’s dealt with the organizational structures and leadership styles for different situations (Thompson, 2005). Contingency theory was started by Joan Woodward, whose company research found that different types of processes were linked to different structures and amounts of control. She said that certain organizational forms are appropriate for certain forms of work. Woodward was a pioneer for the theory. Woodward composed several studies using differential variables such as management levels of a company, industry compressions, and management styles in her measurement (Thompson, 2005).--. From those tests, she has identified that there are three influential aspects to contingency theory: environmental, organizational, and leadership. These factors are the key components that influence the success of a business.
"In everyday language usage, management refers to the people in organizations who manage, and to the activities they perform." (Fulop, Frith, Hayward 1992 p. 187) To be more specific, management is the process of organizing work activities with and through people to ensure the activities are completed efficiently and effectively (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg, Coulter 2006, p. 9). Through management, the goals of the organization or business are to be achieved. Henri Fayol, one of the most influential contributors to modern concepts of management, proposed that there are five primary functions for management, which consist of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling. Nonetheless, the functions of commanding and coordinating have metamorphosed into leading (Crainer 2003).
Scientific Management also has a relationship with today’s environment because it has two advantages. Firstly, compare to the past, management is getting more scientific. How to improve production efficiency is the starting point of Scientific Management, and also is the final destination. It aims to unearth and cultivate workmen’s endowment, let them have the best performance in their work ---to obtain the highest efficiency farthest. Taylor said that the enormous increasing in production efficiency was the evident distinction to differentiate which a nation was civilized one or not. Moreover, it is the huge progressive emblem of human’s community. To change the production efficiency, he focused on management and labor. It based on “co-operation between the management and workers” (4) close together. The most quick and effective way is to import scientific analyses and knowledge into management practice, using scientific method instead of experienced way in various categories of work. “Bring everyone’s production efficiency into full play to accomplish maximum profit.”(5)For example, nowadays in the situation of teem of two workers in the factories, the fact is clearly identical. To understand that a worker and his helper, their workmanship become a extraordinary skill .The worker and his helper can produce two TV sets in one day, meanwhile, their competitor and helper can only produce one. After selling, the worker and helper can earn more money; the management can make more profits. In the same way, two competitive companies, different areas in a country, even between two nations, they will have the same situation while they in the same competitive market.
It is important for manager to understand that what motivates the individuals. There are different kinds of motivation theories which reveal that individuals are motivated by different factors. For example there is extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation (Amabile, 1993). Extrinsic motivation refers to the motivation that one has for the extrinsic rewards such as pay, status, power, etc. Then there are intrinsic motivating factors such as the chance to exercise one’s skills, the opportunity to learn and personal development. Research suggests that various factors motivate employees in a different degree depending on their nature. It would therefore be important for the manager to understand that what are the motivating factors for individual employees and then provide them incentives accordingly so that they can work in a more productive fashion. Once the individuals work with greater excitement and vigour it would automatically lead to better performance.
The contemporary era is the time with constant changes and new demands. In view of this point, we can't put unitary leadership into real work. Accordingly, the term of "contingency leadership theory" (also namely "situational leadership") is given rise to by those situational factors. This theory notes that managers can vary their styles to suit different circumstances.
A new element has been introduced by the contingency approach, which takes into consideration the impact of the organizational or work group on the extent to which given leader traits and behaviors will be effective. The approach was used mainly in the late 1960s and 1970s. Fiedler 's contingency theory, path-goal theory, the Vroom-Yetton-Jago decision-making model of leadership and the situational leadership theory are the most popular contingency
Management can be simply defined as ¡§getting things accomplished through other people¡¨. Management is then the term describe the work done by the manager, which are planning, organizing, leading and controlling the use of human and other resources, in order to help the organization to achieve a higher organization performance. Planning is to define to goals or targets of the organization and devising action plans to meet organization goals. Organizing is to determine what tasks should be done, arrange jobs to subordinates, controlling the budgeting and divided tasks to individuals or teams. Leading is to motivate staffs to work, maintaining the progress of activities and good relationship and to ensure to work done effective and efficient. Controlling is to measure work performance, assess whether goals have been met, compare the set targets, and make corrections when it is needed
Management role is to provide powerful leadership and define goals and constantly ensure employees commitment to the organization in return the reward employees when targets reached. There is no fundamental conflict between the both sides and when the conflict occurs it presumed as abnormal behavior or an outcome of poor
function, managers need to analyse how activities and resources are to be grouped and carry out plans successfully (Bartol 2007). A manager have to understand their ability to manage the lower level employee which is the most valuable of the company as they are the key of output and implement in the planning. Then manager will coordinate the jobs between authority and responsibility that is to define the role position of them (MSG 2012).
The fast food restaurant Burger King uses Scientific Management by following a ‘one best way’ method of doing tasks, implemented by Taylor as an advanced form of standardised production. This includes scientifically hiring, training and developing each employee, encouraging a ‘work-for-reward’ based mind-set, and dividing workload between managers and workers fairly with regards to specific roles. This provides a stable working environment where workers work harder under better working conditions. Burger King shows evidence of a modern organisations that can reflect the scientific management principles; as Burger King consists of a system that offers rewards to employees for meeting the objective goals. Taylor stated that if workers are given no incentives despite putting in more effort, workers will be discouraged to work. Burger King uses a competitive wage and promotion programme where hard work is recognised and rewarded. Regular monitoring of performance and pushing for improvement avoids ‘under working’. Therefore, creating supervisors and leaders ensure discipline and makes a business perform well. The challenges that encouraged Taylor’s time and motion studies is still present within organisations today. However, management has developed new ways of encouraging output. In today’s business organisations employers are more concerned with ‘performance’ rather than