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Effect of communist revolution on chinese politics
Political life in China
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Changing conditions
The suppression of the Tiananmen Square protests in 1989 wrecked public confidence in the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The CCP asserted harsh tactics to crush the opposition and influence the people to believe it had not lost its position. Other Chinese citizens believed that the CCP could be defeated because of the distrust the citizens had in the government. It led to a divide in society. The economic growth experienced in the 1990s led the people of China to forget about the politics and focus on material gains. This economic growth allowed the government to fuel its resources, including social surveillance and control.
No official opposition political party exists in China nor is one allowed to form. An opposition only exists in society. The opposition is pro democracy, it protests when the CCP does something to harm its own citizens. The opposition is voiced by dissident intellectuals and gathers momentum through online petitions. One of the leading sponsors of the opposition, Lui Xiaobo won a Nobel Peace Prize bringing further world attention to the political and social landscape in China.
The CCP can no longer keep such a tight grasp on society. The regime claims people who protest against them are mentally ill and depending on what the protesters status is can make false accusations and false charges stick. Those who support the CCP publicly with their work are also protested against. It can be assumed that politics is one key issue that divides China.
Disruptive politics for China were presenting themselves since the death of the CCPs former leader Mao Zedong in 1976. There was two years of great uncertainty until Deng Xiaoping's take of government was developed in 1978; he had also focused on gr...
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...1 days while filming this documentary. Weiwei has an air of caution after he is released from his detention with the CCP (Klayman, 2012).
In the documentary, Weiwei talks about his family, especially his father and the impact he had on Weiwei. He knows from seeing his father's experiences that when people interfere with the CCP and the regime people get hurt, detained and harassed. None of this deterred Ai Weiwei and his lust for freedom for his countrymen.
References:
AGO exhibition, Ai Weiwei: According to What?
Kataoka, M., Merewether, C., & Brougher, K. (2013). D. Horowitz (Ed.), Life According to Ai WeiweiNew York, NY: DelMonico Books.
Klayman, Alison (Director) (2012). Ai Weiwei: Never Sorry. USA: Mongrel Media. [Theater]
Zhenhua, S., Hui, Z., & Jingkai, H. (2013). “Authoritarianism and Contestation.” Journal of Democracy, 24(1), 26- 40.
The Political Turmoil of China From 1911 to 1927 There were many reasons why China slipped into political instability or turmoil between 1911 and 19287. There reasons include the questionable leadership of Yuan Shih Kai, the presence of the warlords, the One of the reasons was that questionable leadership of Yuan Shih Kai. When Yuan took over control from Sun Yat Sen as the President, he tried to revert to the monarchical system of rule. From 1912 until 1915, he ruled as a military dictator with the support of the army. His rule was already blemished with resistance and that demonstrated that the people did not quite accept him as the leader of China.
Art Review Magazine recently named Ai Weiwei “the most powerful artist in the world”, primarily because (Like Warhol) his reach extends further then the art world. Born in 1957 in Beijing, China, Weiwei is the son of the famous Chinese poet Ai Qing. Weiwei was introduced to the price of dissidents at an early age when his farther was denounced during the Anti-Rightist movement and sent (with the rest of his family) to a labour camp for the remaining duration of the Cultural Revolution.
Ever since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the legitimacy of the revolution of which it was built upon has perennially been in question. For example, in a 1999 issue of the International Herald Tribune, a prestigious scholar claimed that all of China’s tragedies are ‘sustained by a mistaken belief in the correctness of the 1949 revolution’ and that the future progress of China depends on the recognition that the revolution was a failure. However, the CCP government was certainly not perfect and its most significant failures were its political failures such as the Anti-rightist movement and the Cultural Revolution and also economic failures such as the great leap forward. Millions of peoples were falsely accused and persecuted during the political movements of the Mao period as the CCP focused on class struggle instead of economic development during the period and tens of Millions of peoples died due to starvation as there were widespread food shortages during the great leap forward movement.
For many outsiders, it might be easy to assume that all Chinese value communism, or that communism is the only thing to define Chinese politics by. However, when we watched “Born Under the Red Flag”, we could see that the Chinese views on communism are less black and white, and a little more complicated than one might think. Communism has played a big role as the main political system of China throughout its history, but not all Chinese have liked communism, just as not all have been against it. In the documentary “Born Under the Red Flag”, we can really see the reception of Communism in China, and how many have been split between those who oppose it and those who fight for it. During the rule of Chairman Mao Zedong, many of the youth became part of the infamous Red Guards, who used very violent and aggressive means to impose the teachings of Mao Zedong and communism on any person who was against it. These youth were so dedicated to Chairman Mao that they would go very far in enforcing his rule. Years later great numbers of youth in China were taking a different stance on communism, and marched in Tiananmen Square during the protests of 1989, wanting democracy instead of communism. Unfortunately this became a massacre, as the government would not give into the demands of the youth. Communism is certainly something one can come to associate China with, but even with that it can be hard to make assumptions that apply to all. To think that communism was a horrible oppressive system that did nothing but hurt the Chinese people is not completely accurate, as many loved the teachings of Communism and thought highly of Mao Zedong. But it is also not accurate to say that all Chinese people embraced communism, as it is clear that many opposed it. So the true thoughts of the Chinese on Communism, largely could depend on which Chinese person you ask, as many throughout the years
Jonathan Spence tells his readers of how Mao Zedong was a remarkable man to say the very least. He grew up a poor farm boy from a small rural town in Shaoshan, China. Mao was originally fated to be a farmer just as his father was. It was by chance that his young wife passed away and he was permitted to continue his education which he valued so greatly. Mao matured in a China that was undergoing a threat from foreign businesses and an unruly class of young people who wanted modernization. Throughout his school years and beyond Mao watched as the nation he lived in continued to change with the immense number of youth who began to westernize. Yet in classes he learned classical Chinese literature, poems, and history. Mao also attained a thorough knowledge of the modern and Western world. This great struggle between modern and classical Chinese is what can be attributed to most of the unrest in China during this time period. His education, determination and infectious personalit...
“I don’t want to be part of this kind of denying reality. We live in this time. We have to speak out” (Klayman). Ai Weiwei is an internationally known Chinese artist as well as activist, and his motivation and determination can be summed up by this quote. In all of his pieces, Weiwei critically examines the social and administrative issues facing China today. Many of his works exhibit multiple themes that can be interpreted in various different ways. This lends itself to the universal appeal of his art and makes it a more effective medium of conveying his messages to viewers. Ai Weiwei’s activist artwork—and activist artwork in general—is important to society because it effectively forces the viewer to engage in a self-reflective process that makes the viewer critically examine his or her own beliefs and world. Nevertheless, censorship greatly hinders the dissemination of the critical and thought provoking messages of Ai Weiwei’s art and makes his artwork less effective. In order to gain a better understanding of the relationship of Ai Weiwei’s activist art and the Communist Party’s subsequent censorship, I will examine Ai Weiwei’s influential childhood, his specific brand of activist artwork, the censorship of the Chinese government and the effects of censorship on the effectiveness of Ai Weiwei’s art.
The Nationalist Party primarily competed against the Chinese Communist party starting in the early 20th century. Leader of said party was Sun Yatsen, he is described as “a patriot whose sincerity permitted him to be startlingly nonideological and opportunistic....”1 While he did not initially adopt the ideals of communism (class battles) he knew it would be necessary to spread a nationalist theory throughout China. In theory they [the communists] violated his Three Principles of the People -- “Nationalism, People's Rights or Democracy, and People's Livelihood...”2 Eventually becoming overwhelmed with warlordism and misfortune, Sun would retreat to Shanghai and begin reorganizing the Guomindang (or Chinese Nationalist Party). This would reveal that early efforts were futile for a strong nationalist party in China. Sun would later then ally with the Soviets and model his government model after theirs.
...) and bring China under uniform thought as well. Thus, in his attempt to accomplish his goals he placed less emphasis on freedom and more on developing a sturdy political backbone. Deng, on the other hand, wanted to thrust China in the global community for economic fortune at the expense of everything Mao had established. In the process, he brought a freedom and wave of democracy to the People's Republic, endowing the Chinese citizens with dreams of wealth and prosperity that were never even considered in the time of Mao. As China, progresses further into the twenty first century, its role seems quite unclear. A return to Post-revolutionary authoritarian communism seems unlikely, as does the institution of a true democracy but perhaps a new form of stability will arise to grant greater liberty to individuals or possibly even another Tiannenmen lurking in the future.
A hero is not always the person who is powerful or has divine qualities but is someone who is admired for courage, noble qualities, and who is honorable or virtuous. They are driven because they know fighting for their cause is the right thing to do. In many instances, the true honorable hero is imperceptible at first, but is later found to have been there the whole time. Honor is high respect which cannot be received just by being powerful; honor can only be presented to those who have a true virtuous conscience. Just like the Communist government in China, many of the Chinese citizens do not realize that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is corrupt, but, the citizens will later find out that they were oblivious to those people who truly had righteous intentions for
The spread of Communism and its ideals significantly increased during the final stages of the Chinese Civil War which intensified after the Second World War and resulted in a victory to the Communists in October 1949. At this time, the majority of the provinces in China were led by either the GMD or the CCP. However, the civilians in the GMD-ruled cities were suffering rapid inflation, strikes, violence and riots which led to a collapse of public order. Adding to this instability, corruption was rife within the Nationalist party’s lead...
China is a communist country, whose citizens face many difficult situations while trying to fight for their human rights. According to the “Freedom Rankings” from the database CountryWatch, China is not a free country. Specifically, the Political Rights and Civil Liberties are in their maximum numbers; this means that these rights are confiscated from the people. Therefore, freedoms of press, expression, speech, religion, and movement are all severely limited in China. The government has also kept a close watch on art in China.
Interests: China’s leaders desire to improve their nation’s economy while preserving political stability. They want to censor political discussions to prevent “westernization” of China,
people on to the side of the CCP. The CCP’s victory was also down to
Xiaobo, L., (2011), ‘Two Essays on China’s Quest for Democracy’ Journal of Democracy, 22(1): 154-166.
Mao resigned as president of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) in April 1959 , after the Great Leap Forward, planning for Chinese production to “overtake Britain in 15 years”, failed and caused a widespread famine in China, where 20-30 million people starved. President Liu and General Secretary Deng began to restore China , while Mao remained ceremonial head of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Liu and Deng introduced many liberal and effective policies , which involved stepping back from communist ideals. Collectivisation and communal cafeterias were abandoned and peasants recommenced private, “capitalist” farming. They even rehabi...