Abstract. The effect of chewing gum while studying and testing was investigated through this lab. Two trials were used. One trial tested subjects without gum and the other trial provided subjects with gum. Subjects were asked to read an informative narrative and then tested on the information included in the narrative after a short break. Their test score was measured for each trial and then compared with results from both trials. In this lab, it was discovered that chewing gum while studying and testing could improve an individual’s test score.
I. Introduction
Chewing gum is most often a topic of debate when it comes to teachers. However, research suggests gum has more benefits that outweigh the sound of students smacking gum. A study by undergraduates at St. Lawrence refers to the effects of chewing gum-on subjects (during studying) as “…improvements in…working memory…episodic memory…and in their perceptual speed of processing”. (Onyper, 2014)
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Recall and memory tasks have been the areas in which most studies have tested. The study at St. Lawrence tested 224 subjects and divided them into three groups. The groups consisted of one where no gum was chewed, one where subjects chewed gum before and during testing, and the last group only chewed gum for five minutes before testing began. It was concluded that the subjects who chewed gum before and during the test had improved scores compared those who did not chew gum. (Davis, 2015)
Serge Onyper-the researcher heading the study at St. Lawrence-stated, “…chewing gum causes an increase in arousal – it helps wake you up. [This] Research suggests that chewing increases heart rate, blood pressure, and cerebral blood flow.” All this essentially helps to wake up ones brain, and allow better concentration and
The unknown bacterium that was handed out by the professor labeled “E19” was an irregular and raised shaped bacteria with a smooth texture and it had a white creamy color. The slant growth pattern was filiform and there was a turbid growth in the broth. After all the tests were complete and the results were compared the unknown bacterium was defined as Shigella sonnei. The results that narrowed it down the most were the gram stain, the lactose fermentation test, the citrate utilization test and the indole test. The results for each of the tests performed are listed in Table 1.1 below.
Abstract: Marshmallows have more Calories per gram. Marshmallows have .2079 J/g℃ and cheese puffs have 1.08x103 J/g℃. My hypothesis was that marshmallows have more Calories per gram and my results confirmed my hypothesis because there is a .2068 J/g℃ difference.
If you put the gummy bear in Vinegar it will not get bigger also if you buy it in the baking soda it will also not get bigger. The water will make the gummy bear get bigger because of the material that it made by the gummy bear.
In Middle School, before taking a big test teachers would always hand out peppermint or a piece of gum. The purpose behind this seemed unclear. However, from further research their was interesting facts about peppermint candy and Big Red cinnamon flavored gum. Peppermint candy is made with the oil of peppermint, which is extracted from the peppermint plant. This is why the candy can have some of the same effects as the oil itself. People believe the brain effects associated with peppermint are related to the scent of the peppermint, rather than the ingestion of it.
It will not only help with tests, but it will help with assignments and classwork too. If you can remember what you need to do, what it is about, or the facts that you need to complete it, it will help a lot. Some kids will forget that they need to carry the one in addition, or an important fact from history. If you remember those things it makes everything a lot easier. Memory is important when it comes to school so chewing gum, which improves memory should definitely be allowed.
One of my studying techniques is to have one of my family members verbally assess me on the topic of examination based on information in my textbook for the given subject. This compares to what I have just learned because I sometimes alter the location of study during these sessions, such as one time in the dining room and one time in another room of the house. However, I would always stay on one subject for a long time, which may not have been a very good idea. Another studying technique that I used to have was studying the night before or the morning of the exam because I thought (with the influence of a girl from my fifth grade class) that the information would be easy to retain since it was so recently reviewed. This compares to the article since all of the material comes back to me, but is mostly forgotten long after I take the examination. This goes along with the scientific study mentioned in the article that students who had two studying sessions did exceptionally well on a test given right after the sessions, but gradually forgot the material (Carey, 2010). An additional studying condition I have is to do practice problems and tests on the material I will be tested on. This connects to the reading for the reason that I am being exposed to a variety of problems, which, according to the text, is a brilliant way to review. My studying habits will be adjusted to
Further studies of taste aversion can be beneficial because of the possible applications it may offer, perhaps some techniques in treating such problems as alcoholism (Walker 1995) or to better understand the environment's affect on animal and human behavior.
Holmes, j., & Gathercole, S. (2013). Taking working memory training from the laboratory into schools. Educational Psychology: An international Journal of Experimental Educational Psychology. DOI: 10.1080/01443410.2013797338.
Saliva is a watery liquid that is produced by the salivary glands (Martini et al., 2015). There are three pairs of salivary gland; the parotid, sublingual and submandibular. Each of these glands have different cellular structure and produces saliva with slightly different content that preforms different functions (Martini et al., 2015). The parotid salivary glands which is the largest produce a serous excretion that contains high amounts of salivary amylase which helps in the breakdown of complex carbohydrates. The sublingual salivary glands produces mucous excretion that functions as a lubricant and buffer (Martini et al., 2015). The submandibular salivary glands produces mucin which is a combination of buffers and glycoproteins, salivary amylase is also released. Each gland releases their products through their respective ducts into the buccal cavity or mouth. Saliva itself consist 99.4% of water and the 0.6% left are buffers, electrolytes, mucins, enzymes and antibodies (Martini et al., 2015). Sugar, Na+ and Cl- are in low concentration and this is to prevent interference with the sense of taste (Calhoun & Eibling, 2006).
One thing that is beneficial from gum is that it can help you focus. According to pressdemocrat.com, it states “Chewing gum helps your memory improve and it also helps you focus while you’re studying” (Norvell 1).This shows that when your chewing gum not only are you improving your memory you’re focusing on studying more easily. Also according to pressdemocrat.com, it states “Gum has been scientifically proven to help kids focus better and to improve their memory” (Norvell 1). This shows that even scientist
Oral hygiene is critically important when it comes to the overall health of an individual. Not only is the mouth and teeth inside used for speaking, chewing, and swallowing, but insufficient oral hygiene can lead to an influx of bacteria in the mouth, which increases the risk of malnutrition, stroke, diabetes, heart disease, and respiratory infections like influenza or pneumonia (Compton & Kline, 2015, p.12). With this is mind, the importance of performing oral hygiene on dependent people in old age is apparent. Unfortunately, there are countless barriers that hinder achieving this goal in residential care, such as a lack of appropriate assessment tools for oral
You might guess it’s a custom dreamed up by a modern-day, real-life Willy Wonka, but people have been chewing gum, in various forms, since ancient times. There’s evidence that some northern Europeans were chewing birch bark tar 9,000 years ago, possibly for enjoyment as well as such medicinal purposes as relieving toothaches. The ancient Maya chewed a substance called chicle, derived from the sapodilla tree, as a way to quench thirst or fight hunger, according to “Chicle: The Chewing Gum of the Americas” by Jennifer P. Mathews. The Aztecs also used chicle and even had rules about its social acceptability. Only kids and single women were allowed to chew it in public, notes Mathews. Married women and widows could chew it privately to freshen their breath, while men could chew it in secret to clean their teeth.
Researchers have shown that chewing gum does not only help with school tests, but with visual memory and audial memory tasks as well. It has been said that chewing the same type of gum that one chewed while studying can help them remember the things they studied while taking a test. Chewing gum is said to boost mental performance, and the amount of sugar content should have no effect. Some researchers believe that chewing gum relieves stress and may enhance ones’ mood and also increase alertness. Also chewing gum increases accuracy and speed during certain tasks (Gum
The first experiment that DeVoe and House (2012) conducted was to directly test their hypothesis. The procedure of this experiment was to take 53 undergraduate students (32 femal...
A 1976 study conducted by two Indiana University professors proves that assorting a teacher’s lectures and having a 3-5 minute interval would regain the students’ attention. The study was executed long before the era of texting and social networks so the immediate generation of students have even shorter attention and more impaired by distractions. The professors conducted another study in 1985 in which they tested the students’ memory of reminiscing facts from a 20 minute lecture. T...