Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to examine whether chewing spearmint flavored gum increases the number of words remembered from a list. Previous research has found that gum chewing has an effect on cognitive functions, including attention and memory. Multiple studies suggest that gum chewing has no effects on memory, while other studies suggest gum chewing has an effect on both memory and attention. Background Serge, Onyper, Carr, Farrar and Floyd (2011) reviewed the effects of the timing of gum chewing on cognitive function. They administered different cognitive tasks to participants who chewed gum either before or throughout testing. They then compared the participants performance to the control group, who did not chew gum at all. Chewing gum showed to have an association with the performance of cognitive tasks. If gum was chewed 5 minutes before cognitive testing, the performance was greater than those who chewed gum during testing. The benefits of gum chewing also persisted for about 15-20 minutes of the testing session. In conclusion, researchers …show more content…
Golding and Prevost (2009) examined the effect of chewing gum on memory when the flavor is held constant. They had participants complete a word recall task. During the learning and the recall stages, participants either chewed a piece of gum or they sucked on a sweet candy. Results found that performance of recall was not improved by oral activity. Tucha, Mecklinger, Maier, Hammerl and Lange (2004) tested the effect of chewing gum on cognitive function, memory and other attentional functions. Participants were randomly assigned to four different groups; no chewing, mimicking chewing movement, chewing a piece of tasteless gum and chewing a piece of spearmint flavored gum. The results showed that chewing gum did not improve participants memory function, but chewing did effect different attention aspects. Participants maintained attention, but alertness was negatively influenced by gum
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the absolute configuration of an unknown chiral secondary alcohol using the competing enantioselective conversion (CEC) method. This method uses both R- and S- enantiomers of a chiral acyl-transfer catalyst called homobenzotetramisole (HBTM), in separate parallel reactions, and thin layer chromatography to identify the stereochemistry of the secondary alcohol, whether it be an R- or S- enantiomer. Quantitative analysis was performed using a program called ImageJ after the appropriate picture was taken of the stained TLC plate. The molecular structure of the unknown alcohol was identified using 1H NMR spectroscopy by matching the hydrogens to the corresponding peak.
If you put the gummy bear in Vinegar it will not get bigger also if you buy it in the baking soda it will also not get bigger. The water will make the gummy bear get bigger because of the material that it made by the gummy bear.
In fact, both peppermint and Big Red gum are said to increase a person’s alertness, motivation, and performance. They also lower fatigue, anxiety, and frustration. This helps the person focus better. Also, scents play an important part. The scent travels to the limbic system in your brain. This area affects your hormones and mood. Important parts of the limbic system are the hypothalamus, the amygdala, and hippocampus. The hypothalamus regulates hormones, the amygdala is responsible for emotion and the hippocampus is important for memory. All of these functions play a part while taking a test.
The theory is that peppermint stimulates the brain in a calm way reducing stress and anxiety. For example Mortensen explains what the theory is, “Peppermint also increased their alertness while helping them maintain a sense of calm.” According to research by Mortensen, even just the scent of peppermint can lighten a stressful atmosphere.(Mortenson, 2015) The theory has been proven as true by the simple fact that the holiday candy stimulates brain activity. For instance Mortenson describes the effect of peppermints to the brain, the hybrid mint increases oxygen and blood pressure and then brings the blood and oxygen to the brain. This oxygen and blood are used and increases concentration and focus. (Mortenson, 2015) The mint used in the experiment has been proven to increase the brain's natural
In this investigation the cues for recall will be odours instead of categories. Tulving and Thompson (1973) proposed the concept of the encoding-specificity principle, which assumes a relationship between encoding and retrieval. This is the idea that recall is greater if the retrieval context matches or is similar to the encoding context. Baddeley however pointed out that this theory is impossible to test and therefore it cannot be disproved. There is no way to determine whether or not information has been encoded and the encoding-specificity principle suggests that if a certain stimulus does not lead to retrieval of a memory it must not have been encoded.
The peppermint works because when the scent of the peppermint increases oxygen, and blood pressure. Blood brings oxygen to the brain, and if peppermint increases the amount of oxygen in the blood. It then will increase blood pressure, that means the more oxygen traveling to your brain. The more oxygen the brain recieves or is available tothe better you can concentrate and focus. Taste of peppermint can greatly improve memory and can work faster. Smell of peppermint slightly improves memory.
In the experimental group the middle four average scores were not significantly different (M = 0.70, SD = 0.04) from the last four average scores (M = 0.50, SD = 0.00), t(4) = 2.06, p < ns . In the control group, the middle four average scores were also not significantly different (M = 0.68, SD = 0.02) from the last four average scores (M = 0.56 , SD = 0.00), t(4) = 1.89, p < ns.The serial position curve of recall of the warned group and the control group showed a similar pattern as to the one found in previous studies on the same topic. Both groups were able to recall about 90% of the words in the beginning of the list and the end of the list (See Figure 1). The warned group had slightly more false memories, but the difference was not at all significant (see Figure 2). The control group recalled more critical and studied words than the warned group (see Table
Nicotine is a highly addictive drug and it acts in the brain that travels throughout the body. When it comes to dip and chewing tobacco there is more nicotine in these products. When chewing tobacco user dip an average size dip into their mouth for 30 minutes there are absorbing as much as smoking three cigarettes. Using two cans of snuff a week gives you as much nicotine as someone who smokes a half pack of cigarettes a day.
Some gum researchers have investigated whether it is the flavor of chewing gum that helps people retain and recall memories. This source of evidence explains if it’s the flavor of the gum that retain and recall memories. If people chew gum during learning, this may help them keep their attention on the material, and this may help them learn. This part of evidence explains how chewing gum during learning can keep their
Future research should investigate how long after a list is given participants can recall the information. The experimenter should read words and further distract the participant. The participant would then be put into a free recall group or cued recall group to determine how long this information can be stored for and which group would do better. Future research can also investigate if emotion helps the participant’s ability to recall information. Once again the participant would be put into a free recall or cued recall group. The words would be read with different expressions and emotions to determine which group recalls more words.
Around the world it is known that tobacco products can be harmful to your body. Globally, tobacco is the leading cause of certain cancers and heart diseases. Some people may not realize that the ingredients in a cigarette are not only harming their heart, but also their mouth. Cancers can first be detected in the oral cavity since it is the spot that cigarette smoke hits first. Although smoking and tobacco use has gone down in the past years people find that it is very hard to quit. Because of this, they turn to electronic cigarettes. But what if these “e-cigs” are just as harmful to the mouth as a normal cigarette?
The author’s purpose in this essay is to show how smoking can be beneficial in some ways. Brimelow presents his credibility with studies from the International Journal of Epidemiology, New England Journal of Medicine, and Journal of the American Medical Association (Brimelow 142). He notes that smoking can both calm and stimulate people. Smoking has been shown to calm people while driving if they take long puffs. Smoking has also been shown to stimulate if taken in quick, short puffs. Brimelow reiterates this by telling us that “Current understanding is that nicotine is ‘amphoteric’ –that is, it can act to counter both conditions, depending on how it is consumed” (142). This is a reason how smoking can be beneficial.
Every person possesses some type of habit, whether we realize it or not. A habit is a repetitive way of thinking, doing, or acting that is acquired from a previous experience. Most habits are done unconsciously and can be anything from shopping, drinking, and licking your lips, to telling lies, crying, and brushing your teeth. Though habits seem to be embedded in us, it is possible for us to do away with them. This paper will dissect my habit of smoking tobacco. I will discuss how I developed this habit and why I continue to pursue it. Also presented, will be different theories as to why I have this habit and what I can do to change it.
Slaughter, Gwen. "Is Chocolate Physiologically or Psychologically Addictive?" Serendip. Bryn Mawr University, 2001. Web. 24 Oct. 2013.
Historically, memory has been a recurring topic in cognition research. Through the years, many scientific findings have helped us to understand how memory works. Since, older adults are the subgroup most affected by frequent memory deficiencies, they would be highly benefited with the advance of the cognitive