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Case study on eating disorders
Body image and self esteem among teens
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Introduction This assignment will discuss the condition identified in the case study of a 17 year old girl called Jess. Jess has bulimia Jess also surfered from anorexia and she was hospitalised after her weight dropped to 6.5 stone. Jess is unsure what age she became a bulimic. Karen, Jess’s mother who is also bulimic is concerned about Jess’s Physical health and had her reviewed by a gastroenterologist. Her consultant has noticed jess is presenting with downy hair on her arms and believes this is an indication of anorexia. To fully understand Jess’s case the condition that she suffering from must be understood and the symptoms, causes, effects and treatments must be explored. In this assignment an accurate assessment of Jess’s needs with consideration to her social, emotional, physical and psychological wellbeing will be carried out. During this assignment two needs of Jess that are met and are not met will be identified and explored, and from this the appropriate strategies to meet these needs will be identified. In this assignment specialists care and management of Jess’s condition will also be explored, in doing this a broad range of specialised skills and tools will be demonstrated. Bulimia Bulimia is a serious eating disorder; it is a physical and emotional illness that is most common in all people but young women in particular. Bulimia is defined as eating a large amount of food also known as bingeing and then has feelings of guilt, depression and self-condemnation. Then people cause themselves to vomit and purge in order to prevent weight gain by using laxatives, dieting, or fasting. (Farlex) The signs and symptoms of bulimia are binge eating and purging. Binge eating is repeatedly eating huge amounts of food without... ... middle of paper ... ...nd Karen are quite judgemental towards each other on their appearance. Jess does want to have a closer relationship with her mother in the future. According to Maslow’s theory, you must satisfy the lower needs to progress to the higher level this is true in Jess’s case. Jess’s social needs are not met and she is unable to progress to the esteem needs. Esteem needs include achievement, independence, status, respect, and recognition. Jess does not seem to have any motivations in life other than being skinny. She is in an occupation that encourages women to be as thin as possible. Jess may believe that the only way she is to earn status, respect and recognition in her life is through a successful mod-elling career. Carl Rogers (1902-1987) was one of the humanistic psychologists. He agreed with most of what Maslow believed but he also added that for a person to “grow”
Medical term of “Bulimia is a serious eating disorder is characterized by compulsive overeating usually followed by self-induced vomiting” http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bulimia . In case of social bulimia, it is cultural inclusion of people of different cultures through media, education and other sources, however structurally excluding at the same time. Jock Young. According to (Young) “inclusion and exclusion happens concurrently”.
Bulimia nervosa is a chronic psychiatric disorder that haunts the lives of many young women. The disorder is characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by some sort of purging. The purging usually involves self-induced vomiting and can cause great damage to the body. Persons diagnosed with bulimia nervosa have a loss of control over these behaviors. Affecting the lives of 3-5% of young women, bulimia is a problem that is spinning out of control and nothing seems to be able to stop it. Binge eating disorder is another psychiatric disease that causes problems for many people. In this disorder, persons binge frequently but do not attempt to compensate for their eating by using purging techniques such as those used by persons suffering from bulimia nervosa.
The primary symptoms of bulimia are recurrent episodes of binge eating and compensatory measures to purge the calories. There is an excessive influence of the importance of the body and weight on one's self-evaluation (Negri).
Maslow believed that there was a hierarchy of five innate needs that influence people’s behaviors (Schultz & Schultz, 2013, p.246-247). In a pyramid fashion, at the base are physiological needs, followed by safety needs, then belonginess and love needs, succeeded by esteem needs, and finally the need for self-actualization. Maslow claimed that lower order needs must be at least partially satisfied before higher level needs are addressed. Furthermore, behavior is dominated by solely one need
A variation of Anorexia, Bulimia ranges from excessive food intake, to an out of control compulsive cycle of binge eating where extraordinary amounts of any available food, usually of high carbohydrate content, may be consumed. Once having gorged, the victims are overcome with the urge to rd themselves of what they hate eaten by purging themselves, usually by vomiting, and sometimes by massive doses of laxatives. Between these obsessive bouts, most are able to accept some nutrition. Whereas the anorexic sufferer fears fatness from anticipated loss of eating control, and unlike the anorexic sufferer the typical bulimic individual is not emaciated, but usually maintains a normal body weight and appears to be fit and healthy.
Bulimia is an eating disorder which affects many people in America. It's a tragic disorder that can have serious health issues and even lead, eventually, to death. It's easy to make assumptions about what it's like to live with such a problem, but a lot of what you believe could be myth. Here are some of the most common wrongful assumptions about bulimia.
Anorexia is an obsessive desire to control ones bodily appearance. It often starts with the refusal to obtain a healthy body weight. “This disorder is associated with under nutrition of varying severity with resulting secondary endocrine and metabolic changes and disruptions of bodily functions” (Kontic et al. 2013). An Anorexic person has a distorted view of themselves which can lead to devastating measures of self-starvation due to an immense fear of weight gain. In the same way, an individual suffering with Bulimia has a fear of weight gain, but goes about their technique in a different manner. Bulimia is an eating disorder characterized by binge eating or, consuming a large amount of food in a short time followed by guilt. This guilt is the leading factor to the purging stage where the individual will rid themselves of the physical and emotional discomfort. The ridding stage can invo...
Bulimia is one of the major eating disorders among teens. Bulimia is when someone binges− eats a lot of food in a short period of time− and then purges, ...
Bulimia nervosa is a slightly less serious version of anorexia, but can lead to some of the same horrible results. Bulimia involves an intense concern about weight (which is generally inaccurate) combined with frequent cycles of binge eating followed by purging, through self-induced vomiting, unwarranted use of laxatives, or excessive exercising. Most bulimics are of normal body weight, but they are preoccupied with their weight, feel extreme shame about their abnormal behavior, and often experience significant depression. The occurrence of bulimia has increased in many Western countries over the past few decades. Numbers are difficult to establish due to the shame of reporting incidences to health care providers (Bee and Boyd, 2001).
In 1943, psychologist Abraham Maslow developed a theory of basic human needs: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. His theory suggests that embedded in the very nature of each human being are certain needs that must be attained in order for a person to be whole physically, psychologically, and emotionally. First, there are phys...
Bulimia is marked by significant cycles in eating habits. Bulimics will often starve themselves (calorie/food/fat intake restriction -- sometimes with the help of diet pills or supplements) for extended periods of time prior to a massive binge, during which they consume abnormal amounts of food in a short period of time. These binges are followed by purging, which generally is constituted by self-induced vomiting. Other methods of purging the body include the use of diuretics, laxatives, and excessive exercising. Bulimics are generally within what is considered to be a "normal" weight range, but see themselves as being overly fat, or suffer from an intense fear of gaining weight. They often do realize that they have a problem, but by that point the cycle has become an obsession. Bulimics usually weigh themselves frequently, even several times daily.
Anorexia nervosa and Bulimia nervosa are described as psychological eating disorders (Keel and Levitt, 1). They are both characterized by an over evaluation of weight. Despite being primarily eating disorders, the manifestations of bulimia and anorexia are different. They both present a very conspicuous example of dangerous psychological disorders, as according to the South Carolina Department of Health, “Eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness” (Eating Order Statistics, 1). While Bulimia and anorexia both psychological disorders primarily prevalent in women, anorexia tend to have different diagnostic complexities, symptoms and physiological effects as compared to bulimia.
Abraham Maslow was a psychologist who was not satisfied with the way things had always been done and he did not like the way other psychologists viewed people. He believed that individuals have great potential and thought that there had to be more to humans than simply rewards, punishments, and subconscious urges. To Maslow, people were full of positive potential. He developed humanistic psychology, which focuses on the potential of people to become all that they can be. Other psychologists helped develop different elements in humanistic psychology, but Maslow is largely considered to be the father of the humanist movement in psychology. Weiten (2013) mentioned that Maslow argued that humans have an innate drive towards personal growth that is, evolution toward a higher state of being (p. 377). Maslow wanted to understand what motivates an individual, believing that individuals possess a motivational system unrelated to rewards or unconscious desires. Maslow (1943) stated that people are motivated to attain certain needs. When one need is fulfilled, an individual seeks to fulfill the next one. Maslow 's greatest
Carl Rogers was a humanistic psychologist who believed that in order for a human to develop, they must be in an environment that provides them with positive regard and acceptance, and that if these are not present, a person is not able to grow as much as they should. He agreed on the theories of Abraham Maslow, believing that people are motivated to achieve certain needs. This basic principle led him to his making his own theories and expanding on Maslow’s theories to find out more about the human personality. Rogers believed that every human was capable of reaching their goals and desires through self-actualization. Self-actualization was one of Roger’s most important contributions to psychology.
Similarly, Maslow's theory also reflects that humans have an internal force to reach their highest potential (Maslow, 1968). Maslow examined the hierarchy of basic human needs and developed a pyramid of requirements which motivates human beings and shapes their personality. At the bottom of his pyramid are found the basic physiological motivations which are necessary for survival such as food and shelter. The next level incorporates the need for safety, both physical and psychological. This is followed by love and belongingness which relate to receiving and giving affection. Presuming the love need is met, the next level up is the need for esteem which includes the feeling of self-esteem and self-respect. At the top of the pyramid stands the complex need for self-actualization which is a meta-need as per Maslow (1964) and we can reach it through peak experiences. It is the highest level of growth when someone reached her or his capacity to the fullest. Maslow estimated that only 1 percent of people ever really fulfil this need (Maslow,