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Application of operant conditioning to human behavior
Application of operant conditioning to human behavior
Application of operant conditioning to human behavior
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Even though behavioral conditioning receives much negative attention, the concept plays a major part in today’s society, such as it does in Huxley's Brave New World. Society routinely subjects itself to operant condition through occurrences such as attaining “points” for losing weight at a fitness club or collecting a different variety points through a club card in hopes to receive a “free gift” (Burgemeester). A single day wouldn’t suffice without the influence of behavioral conditioning. Businesses would receive a lack of attention and, consequently, a lost of economic profits. With the aid of behavioral conditioning, clients become more accustomed to a business's products and more likely to repurchase. Therefore, behavioral conditioning, …show more content…
in minor forms, majorly affects the common routine of society and its basic functioning.
Huxley parallels the conditioning’s impact more drastically within Brave New World. The fictional society’s common presence of the conditioning center and its routine treatments is only a single example of the conditioning’s impact. Within the center, delta-casted infants are conditioned to receive little intelligence and to have a high sense of consumerism through “books and loud noises, flowers and electrics shocks...compromisingly linked...and after two hundred repetitions of the same or a similar lesson would be wedded indissolubly” (Huxley). Similar to today’s ordinary presence of behavioral conditioning, the society within Huxley's satire is based upon conditioning for nearly each citizen has become accustomed to and has been conditioned. Even though conditioning appears in different intensities when comparing the two societies, it still greatly defines and contributes to the society’s way of life. A community will be more able-bodied with the over looming presence of gym points or there might be a high sense of social order as society is conditioned to achieve certain …show more content…
personalities. Behavioral conditioning, however, differs when comparing the complexity of conditioning techniques used in current society and those used in Brave New World.
Cognitive behavior therapy frequently utilizes “The ABC Model of Behaviour Management. The model is so simple, yet it at the heart of managing challenging behaviour. It involves the application operant conditioning which is there to reinforce desirable behaviours” (Burgemeester). No advanced technology is required nor used to perform this specific treatment. Simply, the overseers reward the patient for performing the desired behavior or action. Once the patient identifies what behavior is being reward, they constantly, or more frequently, perform what is rewarded. However, with extremely advanced technology, behavioral conditioning is intensified within the society within Brave New World. The futuristic technology includes requiring the harvested embryos to endure “hot tunnels alternated with cool tunnels. Coolness was wedded to discomfort in the form of hard x-rays. By the time they were decanted the embryos had a horror of cold. They were predestined to emigrate to the tropics, to be miners and acetate silk spinners and steel workers” (Huxley). The process illustrated by Huxley involves not only a vast array of technology, bul also a great amount of knowledge and research. Unlike what is used today, behavioral conditioning within Huxley’s fictional society embodies an excessive process, leading to a
highly developed society. Even though behavioral conditioning has greatly affected both societies, the excessive conditioning within Huxley’s society allows a rapid pace of development. This is so for the fictional society is conditioned solely for that purpose by each individual being condition for a minor purpose, which overall leads to a higher achievement of the community collaboratively. The complexity of the behavioral conditioning process greatly differs between both societies, overall leading to a great distinction between pace of advancement and current development. Many people considered behavioral conditioning an underdeveloped topic and although it was introduced about two centuries ago, criticism has kept advancement minimal. With so little discovered, there is seemingly endless opportune for research and development. Similar to the behavioral conditioning process in Brave New World, research found that “phasic activation of these neurons was sufficient to drive behavioral conditioning...These results demonstrate that phasic dopaminergic activity is sufficient to mediate mammalian behavioral conditioning.” (Feng). Processes to enhance the effectiveness of behavioral conditioning are developing and causing the advancement of conditioning to an intensity more similar to that of Brave New World. Treatments involving behavioral conditioning will not only become more common, but more effective and overall decrease the number of patients enduring conditions that can be corrected with the treatment. The field of health concerns that can be treated with behavioral conditioning is expanding as physical health problems have found to improve with the treatment. Patients suffering from chronic back pain “ realized that it is not necessary to be totally free from pain to perform exercises... Deliberate neglect of complaints of pain and pain behavior was useful in the treatment of the patients” (Lindstrom). Behavior therapy is now being wielded to shape the patient’s mind and reduce physical pain to comfortably perform certain tasks. As behavior condition expands and become more versatile in the medical field, its treatments will become more common and easily accessible. Overall, the medical industry will greatly benefit and advance as behavior therapy progress to become more effective, versatile, and accessible.
From the beginning of the novel technology has been a focal point. Brave New World is first set at the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre. This center is where all the humans are being produced and conditioned. Conditioning a method used to influence ones mind with a variety of different values and morals, predestines these new beings into five different classes Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Epsilon. As written in Huxley’s Brave New World “All conditioning aims at that making people like their unescapable social destiny.” (16) This quote signifies that each group is designed by the World State to hav...
The famous Milgram experiment focused on the conflict between blind obedience to authority and personal conscience. It turned out that 65% of ordinary people blindly follow orders given by an authority figure, and only 30% are able to follow their personal conscience (McLeod). Considering that the vast majority acquire blind obedience to authority just in the process of nurturing, imagine what would it be like if blind obedience is built into one’s nature? In the novel Brave New World, Aldous Huxley illustrates ways in which government and advanced science control society by conditioning embryos to blindly follow desirable social norms. Every conditioned individual would have merited instincts
There were quite a few changes made from Aldous Huxley’s, Brave New World to turn it into a “made for TV” movie. The first major change most people noticed was Bernard Marx’s attitude. In the book he was very shy and timid toward the opposite sex, he was also very cynical about their utopian lifestyle. In the movie Bernard was a regular Casanova. He had no shyness towards anyone. A second major deviation the movie made form the book was when Bernard exposed the existing director of Hatcheries and Conditioning, Bernard himself was moved up to this position. In the book the author doesn’t even mention who takes over the position. The biggest change between the two was Lenina, Bernard’s girlfriend becomes pregnant and has the baby. The screenwriters must have made this up because the author doesn’t even mention it. The differences between the book and the movie both helped it and hurt it.
In Brave New World, Aldous Huxley deftly creates a society that is indeed quite stable. Although they are being mentally manipulated, the members of this world are content with their lives, and the presence of serious conflict is minimal, if not nonexistent. For the most part, the members of this society have complete respect and trust in their superiors, and those who don’t are dealt with in a peaceful manner as to keep both society and the heretic happy. Maintained by cultural values, mental conditioning, and segregation, the idea of social stability as demonstrated in Brave New World is, in my opinion, both insightful and intriguing.
In Huxley’s, Brave New World, there is a society, known as the World State, where people are divided into different castes, and depending on the caste they are set in determines their place in the community and purpose in the world. If one is an Alpha, he/she will be highly intelligent and be a leader of the free world, while one who is an Epsilon has lowered intelligence and is conditioned to do physical labor. From the process of the human beings being created in test tubes, to their birth and development, they are trained to believe in certain truths. Brave New World is a Utopian novel that uses a form of brainwashing to conform people to the ideal society placed in the plot. Other literature works, and real life occurrences, make it evident that brainwashing is used to condition to believe and behave I certain ways, which become their morals and truths.
Utopian societies are often thought to be impractical based upon the human idea that no one person or thing can ever be completely perfect. Because this idea of perfection is practically impossible to achieve, various controlled techniques need to be used in order to create a utopia. Aldous Huxley states in his foreword to Brave New World that the creation of a perfect utopia is quite possible if we as humans “refrain from blowing ourselves to smithereens” in attempts at creating social stability (xiv). Huxley’s Brave New World “depicts a World State where there is absolute social stability made possible by government-controlled research in biology and psychology” (Woiak 4). While the existence of this utopian
Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World portrays a society in which science has clearly taken over. This was an idea of what the future could hold for humankind. Is it true that Huxley’s prediction may be correct? Although there are many examples of Huxley’s theories in our society, there is reason to believe that his predictions will not hold true for the future of society.
They program these humans to have needs and desires that will sustain a lucrative economy while not thinking of themselves as an individual. Huxley describes the World State’s intent to control their society through medical intervention, happiness, and consumerism, which has similarities to modern society. Designing life from conception is an intriguing concept. Brave New World’s World State is in control of the reproduction of people by intervening medically. The Hatchery and Conditioning Centre is the factory that produces human beings.
Imagine living in a society where there is no sense of independence, individual thought or freedom. A society where the government uses disturbing methods that dehumanize people in order to force conformity upon them. Taking away any sense of emotion, It would be very undesirable to live in a society with such oppression. Such society is portrayed in Aldous Huxley's novel Brave New World. The World State uses social restrictions to create permanent artificial personalities for people within the society. The World State also uses controlled groupings of people to brainwash them further to be thoughtless people with no sense of individualism. Lastly, the World State uses drugs to create artificial happiness for people, leaving no room for intense emotion which causes people to revolt against the World State. Within the novel Brave New World, it is seen that the World State eliminates individuality through social restrictions, government controlled groupings and the abuse of drugs to maintain control of the population.
During the past few weeks my class and I have been reading your book, “ Brave New World”. While reading your book I have discovered a few captivating issues. These issues include the destruction of the family, the use of drugs, and polygamy (obligatory sex). These issues are interesting because of their implications in life today, and the frequent times they are shown in the book. The ways they are used to control people and make their life easier, and the fact that our world seems to be falling into the same state.
The extensive conditioning leaves its subjects irreversibly influenced by the government manipulation. Even the most obviously high risk citizens like Winston and Julia can not cause a revolt. They “Sometimes… talked of engaging in active rebellion against the Party, but with no notion of how to take the first step” (Orwell 191). While Helmholtz in Brave New World did not want to overthrow the World Controllers, the conditioning still ran deep in his veins. When John was reading Romeo and Juliet to Helmholtz, Helmholtz couldn’t seem to wrap his head around the abstract topics raised. Instead “he laughed and laughed till the tears streamed down his face… ‘You can’t expect me to keep a straight face about fathers and mothers. And who’s going to get excited about a boy having a girl or not having her?’ (The Savage winced; but Helmholtz, who was staring pensively at the floor, saw nothing.)” (Huxley 123). They figurative see “nothing” when those who have seen the current world would “wince”, they are blind to the extent of their brainwashing. Helmholtz is a writer who values solitude and is one of the minds in the World State that is advanced, and yet the words “father and mother” strike him as strange and hilarious
Though he wasn’t conditioned in the World State his mother, and village still conditioned him. His mother told him from a young age that The World State was the most amazing society in the world due to their technology and views. Due to that he showed a desire to see what this “Brave new world”(Huxley 139) was like. Due to his religious upbringing he immediately was appalled by the promiscuity of the World State’s people. He also did not enjoy the entertainment of the World State.
For years, authors and philosophers have satirized the “perfect” society to incite change. In Brave New World, Aldous Huxley describes a so-called utopian society in which everyone is happy. This society is a “controlled environment where technology has essentially [expunged] suffering” (“Brave New World”). A member of this society never needs to be inconvenienced by emotion, “And if anything should go wrong, there's soma” (Huxley 220). Citizens spend their lives sleeping with as many people as they please, taking soma to dull any unpleasant thoughts that arise, and happily working in the jobs they were conditioned to want. They are genetically altered and conditioned to be averse to socially destructive things, like nature and families. They are trained to enjoy things that are socially beneficial: “'That is the secret of happiness and virtue – liking what you've got to do. All conditioning aims at that: making people like their inescapable social destiny'” (Huxley 16). Citizens operate more like machinery, and less like humans. Humanity is defined as “the quality of being human” (“Humanity”). To some, humanity refers to the aspects that define a human: love, compassion and emotions. Huxley satirizes humanity by dehumanizing the citizens in the Brave New World society.
In Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, the author depicts a collective society in which everyone has the same values and beliefs. From a young age, the people in the World State’s civilization are conditioned to believe in their motto of “Community, Identity, Stability.” Through hypnopaedia, the citizens of the World State learn their morals, values, and beliefs, which stay with them as they age. However, like any society, there are outsiders who alienate themselves from the rest of the population because they have different values and beliefs. Unfortunately, being an outsider in the World State is not ideal, and therefore there are consequences as a result. One such outsider is John. Brought from the Savage Reservation, John is lead to conform to the beliefs of the World State, thus losing his individuality, which ultimately leads him to commit suicide. Through John and the World State populace as an example, Huxley uses his novel to emphasize his disapproval of conformity over individuality.
Classical conditioning: Its Use in Marketing. Retrieved from http://teachers.sduhsd.k12.ca.us/jetheridge/Psychology/Classical%20Conditioning%20marketing.htm 13. Chance, D. (2009). Learning and Behaviour(6th ed). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning