4.2 Discussion
4.2.1 Effects of Initial dosage on Lead Adsorption
This experiments were carried out to investigate the potential of banana peel as adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal. For this experiment, the bisorbent is untreated and less remove of heavy metal than treated biosorbent.
As can be seen from the result, at mass of 0.4g, the percent of removal was 37.38% and it gradually increase to 49.30% at 2.4g.From the result, it can be seen that the high dosage of absorbent, it more good removal absorbent to the lead. The effect of dosage show that when higher amount of banana peel are used, percentage of removal(lead) will increase.
But, the dosage of adsorbent on 0.8g and 2.8g, its have the negative on the conentration of lead. Its because the solution has contiminated. Besides that, the solution also was stirred maximully and not regularly. This results doesn’t counted in the graph and maybe should redo the experiment with carefully.
Results showed that the adsorption efficiency is highly dependent on quanttity of adsorbent added. This was expectedas with increasing conc...
The purpose of this experiment is to use our knowledge from previous experiments to determine the theoretical, actual, and percent yields of the lead chromate from the reaction of solutions of potassium chromate and lead nitrate (Lab Guide pg. 83).
The data we gathered was tested to be as accurate as possible. Our prediction on the solvents did not support our data that we collected. The cause of this could be due to human error when washing the beets or the cutting of the beets. The beets were not perfectly cut the same size, so some beet pieces were bigger than others which can affect the final the final result. We followed each step and followed the time limits cautiously. I can say if we were to redo the experiment our results would be similar because we would attempt to do the experiment as close as we did the first
As the solution pH can influence the stability of NaClO-NH3 blend and the elimination of SO2, NOx, the impact of the pH of NaClO-NH3 blend solution on the instantaneous removal as well as the duration time was investigated, and the final pH after reaction was also detected and shown in Fig. 5. It can be seen that the variation of solution pH has a negligible effect on the desulfurization, but the elevated pH has a great promotion on the NOx removal, the efficiencies are significantly increased from 36% to 99% for NO2 in the pH range of 5–12 and from 19% to 65% for NO when the pH is between 5 and 10, after where, both of them are constant. Hence, the optimal pH of the NaClO-NH3 solution for the
Lead is a metal found virtually everywhere even today. Sources of lead include auto body shops, electric storage batteries, glazes for china dishes, crockery, insecticides, electric cable insulation, hose, pipe, sheet and floor coverings. Lead is associated with stain glass work, jewelry making and antique ceramic doll painting. Although lead in paint was outlawed, there are still many homes that have lead paint (White et al, 1990). Lead found in gasoline was found in one study to account for 23--27% of the lead blood levels in the people tested (Wagner, 1991). This exposure to lead sources is more of a concern for children due to the characteristic habit of children to taste everything they touch; this characteristic is known as pica. Children are also in closer contact with their lead polluted environment during play. They are more active and exposed to outdoor contaminates and they inhale dust and dirt that are lead contaminated. Furthermore, the adsorption rate of lead in the digestive tract is up to 10 times greater in chil...
== Refer to Chemistry Lab # 2 – Investigating Changes. No changes have been made in this experiment. Results = ==
Michael P. Broadribb, C. (2006). Institution of Chemical Engineers . Retrieved July 26, 2010, from IChemE: http://cms.icheme.org/mainwebsite/resources/document/lpb192pg003.pdf
Lead, simply put, is an element found in the earth’s crust. It is slightly soluble in water and is transported mainly through the atmosphere (Harte et al. 1991). The human usage of lead dates back to five- thousand years ago when it was discovered that small quantities of silver could be extracted from lead ore (Harte et al. 1991). The ancient civilizations of Phoenicia, Egypt, Greece, India, and China used lead for vessels, roofs, water ducts, utensils, ornaments, and weights (Harte et al. 1991). Romans used lead acetate as an artificial sweetener in their drinks. Lead acetate, known as sugar of lead, would sweeten a vintage without causing further fermentation, which would have occurred with the addition of sweeteners like honey (Le Courteur and Burreson 2003). The Romans also used lead pipes for plumbing their homes with water. The Latin name for lead is Plumbum (like the word plumbing) hence the symbol Pb on the periodic table (August 1998). Only the rich Romans had access to water in their homes through lead pipes. Lead poisoning from th...
The purpose of this project was to discover how the pH level affects corrosion rate. The hypothesis was if the pH level affects the corrosion rate, then the lower the pH level is quicker the corrosion rate would be. This will happen because liquids below the pH level of 7 possess stronger acidic attributes. The effect of pH level on corrosion rate was determined by depositing a copper penny in each of three plastic cups, and then three different liquids by their pH levels, were assigned to be displaced into each cup formulating a chemical reaction to be observed. The results collected during this investigation contradicted with the intended result, this experiment was conducted to determine corrosion rate; Dana Puti Vingear (pH level: 4.5) 4 2/3 days, Tropicana Orange Juice (pH level 3.88) 6 1/3 days, and Sprite (pH level: 3.4) 8 days. The results showed that the hypothesis was refuted. This happened because the preconceived idea was that the liquid with the lowest pH level; Sprite, would have the quickest corrosion rate. Dana Puti Vinegar had the quickest corrosion rate proving the statement wrong, it was discovered that it contains ethanoic acid; acid containing twice the amount of carbon dioxide than a regular acid. To further understand this topic, future research could include; how does the amount of liquid incorporated affect the corrosion rate, how does the temperature of the liquid affect the corrosion rate, and how does the purity of iron affect the corrosion rate?
By analysing the results it could be seen that there was a relationship between the concentration of sodium thiosulfate and the time take for the cross to be no longer visible on the white tile through the solution. From graph 1 it could be seen that the concentration of sodium thiosulfate and the time taken for the reaction to be completed are inversely proportional, as when the concentration of sodium thiosulfate increases, the time taken decreases and the graph levels out as it approached the x-axis. Graph 2 supports this by showing that the concentration of sodium thiosulfate and the rate of the reaction share a linear relationship, meaning that the concentration is directly proportional to the inverse of the time taken.
From the Results there is an anomaly which is with the test tubes at 58oC, the results spike from 0.100 to 0.536 and then back down to 0.302, this anomaly may have happened due to the three samples in the test tubes potentially having a higher level pigment in the vacuole than the other
Roman slaves extracted and prepared the lead, describes a disease among the slaves that was clearly lead poisoning. Because of their potential toxicity, lead water pipes are no longer being installed. The greatest single use of lead metal today is in the plates of storage batteries for automobiles. The protective oxidation layer formed by lead in contact with such substances as air, sulfuric acid, and fluorine makes it highly resistant to corrosion. For this reason, lead has been used to make drainage pipes and lead chambers in sulfuric acid factories.
Recently, the environment impacts on our health have become a large concern of our societies worldwide. Lead is a pervasive and persistent environmental pollutant and recognized to be a major public health problem; therefore it has been paid attention by researchers in probing further into its toxicity. Lead poisoning is an insidious disease which is often detected late after being confused with other disorders such as digestive, hepatic, hematologic and behavioural disorders where it decreases the activity of certain enzymes by binding their sulfhydryl groups, or even to replace other metal ions
Natural zeolites have shown good ion-exchange capacities for cations, such as ammonium and heavy metal ions. In order to have high adsorption capacity for organic matter and anions, modification of natural zeolites can be performed by several methods, such as acid treatment, ion exchange, and surfactant functionalization. Besides the removal of heavy metals, natural zeolites are used to to remove ammonia and humic acid from the suface waters. The removal of the contaminants depends on pH value, initial concentration of humic acid and ammonia, temperature and contact time. Zeolite shows best performance of ammonia and humic acid removal at the pH close to natural water. Furthermore, natural and modified zeolites are used t...
Lead is naturally occurring, highly toxic metal found in trace amounts deep in the Earth. Mining lead constitutes half of its annual production. Lead is used in numerous commercial industries due to its distinct physical and chemical nature. Although it has various beneficial uses, lead is toxic to humans, even at relatively low levels. For this reason, regulations monitoring lead production and exposure have continued to progress since the 1960s. Lead’s specific characteristics dictate its fate in the environment. Today, there are several sites in the US that currently present risks of exposure to lead. The EPA has implemented techniques to remediate lead present in public water supplies.
There is also the potential of human error within this experiment for example finding the meniscus is important to get an accurate amount using the graduated pipettes and burettes. There is a possibility that at one point in the experiment a chemical was measured inaccurately affecting the results. To resolve this, the experiment should have been repeated three times.