Effect of NaClO-NH3 blend solution pH on the simultaneous removal
As the solution pH can influence the stability of NaClO-NH3 blend and the elimination of SO2, NOx, the impact of the pH of NaClO-NH3 blend solution on the instantaneous removal as well as the duration time was investigated, and the final pH after reaction was also detected and shown in Fig. 5. It can be seen that the variation of solution pH has a negligible effect on the desulfurization, but the elevated pH has a great promotion on the NOx removal, the efficiencies are significantly increased from 36% to 99% for NO2 in the pH range of 5–12 and from 19% to 65% for NO when the pH is between 5 and 10, after where, both of them are constant. Hence, the optimal pH of the NaClO-NH3 solution for the
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simultaneous removal could be selected as 12. In addition, it also can be found from Fig. 5 that the duration time increases from 8 to 29 min as the pH increases in the acidic conditions, and then it is constant at approximately 30 min when the pH stay at weak acidic, neutral and weak alkaline conditions, thereafter it sharply increases from 32 to 140 min as the pH increases in the strong alkaline conditions. Thus the alkaline condition is favourable for increasing the duration time.
As shown in Fig. 5, the final pH of the NaClO-NH3 solution after simultaneous removal are 5.4, 6.9, 7.2, 7.5, 8.5, 9.6, 10.7, 11.5 and 12.8 with respect to the initial pH of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13, from which, an interesting law can be concluded as that if the initial pH is an acidic, the final pH is slightly increased; but if the initial pH is an alkaline, the final pH is declined. NaClO-NH3 is macromolecule compounds with a large inter surface area. It contains abundant functional groups such as hydroxyl (OH), carboxyl (COO), quinone, amino (–NH2), etc, which determines that NaClO-NH3 is a salt of strong base and weak acid, as well the ionization equilibrium and hydrolytic equilibrium would be complicated. When the pH of the NaClO-NH3 solution was acidic, the functional groups such as OH, COO and NH2- would react with H+ to generate the NH3 sediment, resulting in a decrease of inter surface area owing to the block and a great loss of NaClO-NH3, then the NOx removal as well as the duration time was decreased. As for the increase of the final pH in the acidic conditions, this was a result of the consumption of H+ by NaClO. The decrease of the
final pH in the alkaline conditions was due to the followed reason. The absorption of acidic gases produced a number of H+, which would be then neutralized by OH, thus the solution pH was decreased in some degree, but at the same time, this process inhibited the NaClO precipitation, kept the amount of NaClO-NH3 and increasing the duration time, which was favourable for the removal of SO2 and NOx.
Two solutions were prepared by using Calcium Nitrate Ca(〖NO_3)〗_2 with concentration of 0.101 M, Potassium Iodate KIO_3 with concentration of 0.100 M, and deionized water. First solution contained 25.0 mL of Calcium Nitrate and 25.0 mL of Potassium Iodate. In the second solution, 15.0 mL of deionized water were added with 10.0 mL Calcium Nitrate and 25.0 mL of Potassium Iodate. Each of these solutions was mixed for 15 minutes. After the reaction of the solutions took place, each of the solutions was filtered. To remove water liquid from the filtered solution, both of the precipitates in the
The unknown bacterium that was handed out by the professor labeled “E19” was an irregular and raised shaped bacteria with a smooth texture and it had a white creamy color. The slant growth pattern was filiform and there was a turbid growth in the broth. After all the tests were complete and the results were compared the unknown bacterium was defined as Shigella sonnei. The results that narrowed it down the most were the gram stain, the lactose fermentation test, the citrate utilization test and the indole test. The results for each of the tests performed are listed in Table 1.1 below.
It is important however to note that the NH4 and K ions are still in
Many things have impacted both the Science and Medical fields of study. Electrophoresis and DNA Sequencing are two of these things. Together they have simultaneously impacted both of these fields. On one hand, there is Electrophoresis. Electrophoresis is a specific method of separating molecules by their size through the application of an electric field. It causes molecules to migrate at a rate and distance dependent on their size. On the other hand, there is DNA Sequencing. DNA Sequencing is a technique used to determine the exact sequence of bases
Planaria are one of many free-living flat worms that can be found in marine, aquatic, and terrestrial environments. Certain characteristics of planaria worms include an acoelomate body, a gut with no anus, lack of a blood vascular system, and a simple nervous system. The main reason as to why planaria are subjected to many studies is because of their unique ability to regenerate. Regeneration is the ability to re-grow lost body parts that may have been cut off. This is possible because the organism has the ability to form a blastema, which is an accumulation of undifferentiated cells, at the site of the wound. Regeneration is capable of occurring at various degrees throughout the animal kingdom. This unique process would never be able to be seen in human beings. Humans and other mammals
Isolation of Nuclei and Mitochondria from Cauliflower Florets by Differential Centrifugation Nuclei and mitochondria are both organelles that are found within most eukaryotic cells. The nucleus contains most of the genes needed for classification. It is "one of the most prominent structures to be encountered in the eukaryotic cell" (Schwarz 24). Nuclei were first observed by a Scottish plant taxonomist name Robert Brown in 1831. He studying Orchidaceae and Asclepiadaceae at the time when he noticed a structure in the cell that was consistent with much of the cells he was viewing.
Michael P. Broadribb, C. (2006). Institution of Chemical Engineers . Retrieved July 26, 2010, from IChemE: http://cms.icheme.org/mainwebsite/resources/document/lpb192pg003.pdf
A large amount of people trust the main DNA confirmation is vital for the examining procedure there's an assortment of proof that are imperative to sorting the wrongdoing riddle out. Each part of the crime scene is utilized to figure out who, what, when and where the crime happened. An illustration of this is follow proof, for example, paint and filaments discovered identifying with the crime. Before beginning this course, I never truly considered these sorts of proof. Numerous individuals don't understand that filaments from garments or seats can have vital impact while deciding the area of a person. Paint confirmation is utilized, too. For instance, paint confirmation could be urgent for hit and runs. Paint and fiber confirmation is generally
As more NaOH is added, the pH will become more basic as H2C2O4 .2H2O has been completely neutralized and now an excess of OH- ions are present in the solution.12
LAB REPORT 1st Experiment done in class Introduction: Agarose gel electrophoresis separates molecules by their size, shape, and charge. Biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins, are some examples. Buffered samples such as glycerol and glucose are loaded into a gel. An electrical current is placed across the gel.
The tests explained above and completed to aid in the determination of the unknown bacteria were completed in a specific order which was supported with rationale and logic. A T – streak method was completed in succession to obtain a pure isolated colony. The T – streaks were completed with nutrient agar to give the organism nutrients and allow the organism to grow. Once a pure isolated colony was obtained, a Gram stain was completed which gave the Gram reaction and morphology of the bacteria.
Use techniques such as electrophoresis and restriction mapping to understand the concepts of DNA digestion. Also, become familiarized with restriction enzymes and double digestion.
In order to transform deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA, into protein a previous transformation must occur first, and that transformation process is transcription. RNA is similar to DNA; however, DNA has the nitrogenous base thymine while RNA has uracil as a nitrogenous base. RNA and DNA are known to be complementary, being that the two bases pair with each other. Transcription is the synthesis of ribonucleic acid, RNA, using genetic information found within the DNA.
In this experiment three different equations were used and they are the Stoichiometry of Titration Reaction, Converting mL to L, and Calculating the Molarity of NaOH and HCl (Lab Guide pg. 142 and 143).
Natural zeolites have shown good ion-exchange capacities for cations, such as ammonium and heavy metal ions. In order to have high adsorption capacity for organic matter and anions, modification of natural zeolites can be performed by several methods, such as acid treatment, ion exchange, and surfactant functionalization. Besides the removal of heavy metals, natural zeolites are used to to remove ammonia and humic acid from the suface waters. The removal of the contaminants depends on pH value, initial concentration of humic acid and ammonia, temperature and contact time. Zeolite shows best performance of ammonia and humic acid removal at the pH close to natural water. Furthermore, natural and modified zeolites are used t...