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Brief history of autism spectrum disorders
Advantages and disadvantages of autism
Brief history of autism spectrum disorders
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Autism Culture Overview Autism spectrum culture is a new culture that has evolved in the past decades all across the continents, yet many are not aware of its behaviors, values, or beliefs. Autism as other culture does not manifest the same way in every individual but it has its own way of development within the same culture. Autism spectrum first case in the United States was diagnose in the early 1940’s, but in other continents it was already been observed. Leo Kanner and Hans Asperger’s were the first who refer to children with emotional and social behavior autistics and Asperger’s. It was yet not defined what it was or why children were being born or were developing a rare cognitive, physical, emotional and social development. Autism …show more content…
The ASF also states that autism is a “developmental disabilities that cause substantial impairments in social interaction and communication and the presence of unusual behaviors and interests. Many people with ASDs also have unusual ways of learning, paying attention, and reacting to different sensations(2016, para. 1). UC San Diego Autism Center shares that“the onset of autism is prior to age 3 years. When autism was first characterized by Leo Kanner in 1943, the prevalence was estimated at 1 in every 2,000 children. Today, one out of every 68 children is affected with autism or related disorder” (2016, para. 2). As observed in the research within 7 decades’ autism has quickly emerge into society. Signs that parents need to look out in their infants for autism are “lack or delay of language, reparative language or motor mannerism, little or no eye contact, lack of peer in peer relationships, lack of spontaneous or make believe play, and persistentfixation on parts of objects”; as suggested by Autism Society (2016, para. 4). In the following interviews done by the author of this paper there are observations an example on how autism culture has affect many …show more content…
Before encountering with this new disorder she had big hopes for both of her son’s everything seems to just fall into place perfectly. Then when her youngest boy turned 2, she and family member notice little Adrian was different from other toddlers. He demonstrates emotional, and social behavior issues differently than his older brother. That’s when Gladys was concerned and ask the child pediatrician if his behavior was normal. Doctor suggested to have him evaluate for autism spectrum, that Adrian had signs of having the disorder. As the doctor has suggested Adrian had the autism spectrum. Now what? The first year Gladys declared that it was difficult. Adrian cried for everything, he had no language. He would not tolerate any loud sounds and he was just too attached to her. She could not go out of his sight he would get frustrated and throw himself and cried loud. What made it worst she had no support from Adrian’s father. Now she had to find a way to help her son achieve all his development growth goals. She was being refer to specialists which will work with Adrian. Gladys felt that now everything needed to revolved around Adrian’s condition and she felt guilty because she was not attending her older son (only a year older than Adrian) as she should; she was neglecting him because she was to focus on meeting Adrian’s
Before completing the assignment of reading “Thinking in Pictures,” by Temple Grandin, I did not have much knowledge about autism. My only understanding was autism was some sort of neurological disorder that is seen similar to mentally handicapped individuals to someone with little understanding, like myself. I am very thankful to have been given an assignment like this one that gives me more knowledge of something I should already have in my line of work (though I am sure that was the whole purpose of the assignment, to educate the ignorant). I now have a better understanding of the cause, learning process and functioning of different levels of this defect.
In the 1940’s two doctors in different countries observed children displaying similar behaviors and deficits. One of the doctors was Viennese pediatrician Dr. Hans Asperger and the other was a child psychiatrist named Leo Kanner. Dr. Kanner was the first of the two doctors to report his observations. What he described were behaviors similar to those seen in children with what we call Autistic disorder. The behaviors affected the children’s communication, social interaction and interests. Dr. Asperger later published an article discussing what he dubbed “Autistische Psychpathen im Kindesalter” which translates to “Autistic Psychopathy”. Although some behaviors overlapped, there were differences leading to the belief that these doctors were documenting two different disorders. The two most prevalent were the differences in motor and language abilities (Miller, Ozonoff). Another was Asperger’s belief that his patients were of normal or above average intelligence. It was not until 1994 that Asperger Syndrome was entered into the Diagnostics and Statistics Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM IV), finally becoming an official diagnosis. At the time, Asperger Syndrome (AS) was labeled as a subcategory of autism along with autistic disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder and pervasive development disorder. Since then, the community of people with Asperger Syndrome has grown to love and better understand the disorder that they live with every day. Some of them have even affectionately named themselves “Aspies”.
For the purpose of these literature review a search was done using PubMed which is available through the Medical Library of the National Guard Health Services. This research focus is Autism and its management. Using these four key words "Autism" "definition" , "symptoms", and "treatment". As result, nine papers were found and this literature review summarizes them.
Van Hees, V., Moyson, T., & Roeyers, H. (n.d). Higher Education Experiences of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenges, Benefits and Support Needs. Journal Of Autism And Developmental Disorders, 45(6), 1673-1688.
In his essay "Autism and Culture," Joseph Straus discusses the recreation of the concept of autism as a cultural and social category rather than a medical one. He also discusses how, as autistic community has emerged, autistic people have begun to look for historical figures that could be identified as autistic. Straus calls this practice "extremely problematic" (Straus 464) because he feels that the concept of autism is a modern social construction and that classifying historical figures as autistic denies this. However, associating prominent historical figures with autism has the benefit of providing autistic communities with role models and a sense of community through their shared history. Attempting to diagnose historical figures with
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that effects the brains development. It is characterized by affecting communication, cognition and social interaction. The spectrum of the disorders ranges from a mild condition called Asperger’s syndrome to a more severe form, which severely impairer’s development. The Office of Communications and Public Liaison states that the disorder affects one and eighty-eight children, however ASD effects boys more frequently than girls (Office of Communications and Public Liaison, 2013). ASD emerges in all age, ethnic and socioeconomic groups. The significant varied character and severity of the disorder is why ASD is considered a spectrum that poses a broad range of symptoms.
What is Autism? People are quick to label people as Autistic but very rarely understand what it means though they may nod their head and say "ohh makes sense". Autism - also know as ASD, Autism Spectrum Disorder- is a complex developmental disorder affecting primarily ones communication and social interaction skills. Meaning they have difficulties communicating effectively or even at all. They struggle in social setting and don 't typically excel in social games or activities.
Understanding autism, which is professionally known as Autism Spectrum Disorder, otherwise known as (ADS) can be a difficult task, especially for someone who is not trained in helping persons with disabilities. The first person to discover autism was a child psychiatrist, Dr. Leo Kanner in 1943. He names the spectrum disorder after the Greek word autos, meaning of or for oneself, due to the way the child display social avoidance. Many doctors’ believed in the past that autism was caused by the way the mother not caring for her child properly or ignoring him or her. There was also a time when it was thought to be caused by certain environmental stresses that cause neurological issues within the brain. Autism is one of the most misunderstood
Autism is a developmental disorder which affects many small aspects of the person's life and can sometimes affect major parts. Autism affects 1 in 68 children and for most it’s a lifelong
Autism usually occurs within the first three years of life, and drastically affects the development of a child. It is also the fastest growing developmental disorder in the United States (Autism Project, 2014). One out of eighty- eight children is diagnosed with autism, and boys are five times more likely to be diagnosed (ASDS 2013). Many areas of development are affected by autism. This is a disease that disturbs the brains normal development of communication, social interaction, and sensory processing (Inc 2013).
Autistic children have beautiful minds but struggle to show what is in their mind. It takes years for an autistic child’s brain to develop, with a lot of hard work from the child and the family. Having autism is a daily struggle for anyone involved and takes many people to help the child. Educational classes can be taken, and family can help the child also from home. Symptoms are the first signs of autism, then come the behavior changes. After that, treatment can be done to help the child develop. An everyday routine should be established to help child
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that typically manifests before the age of three. Individuals with ASD have impairments in social interaction, communication, and behavior. This is referred to as the Triad of Impairments. Behavioral impairments include repetitive behaviors such as arm flapping or body rocking, being easily upset by minor changes to routine, and obsessive or ritualized behaviors and interests. Communication impairments include delayed speech, repetition of words or phrases, and unusual speech inflection. Social impairment is similar to communication impairment, but also includes having difficulty with interpreting communication, poor eye contact, flat affect, difficulties with playing
Autism is an intricate developmental disability that characteristically appears during the first three years of life. The consequence of a neurological disorder that involves the functioning of the brain, autism affects the normal growth of the brain in the region of social interaction and communication skills. Autism literally means living in terms of the self. To an observer, a child in a state of autism appears to be self-centred since he shows little response to the outside world. However, paradoxically, the child in such a state has little awareness of being a 'self'. (Tustin, 1972, p. 1) Children and adults with autism normally have problems in verbal and non-verbal contact, social communications, and leisure or play activities. Autism is one of five disorders coming under the umbrella of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD), a category of neurological disorders characterized by "severe and pervasive impairment in several areas of development," including social interaction and communications skills (DMS-IV-TR). The five disorders under PDD are Autistic Disorder, Asperger's Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (CDD), Rett's Disorder, and PDD-Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS). Autism is a spectrum disorder. In the normal autism of early infancy there are the components from which this can take place but which are not developed. In 'total' pathological autism there has been such a profound arrest or regression that the building of this inner construct has been impeded or impaired so that the child is completely out of touch with the outside world and with people. Reaction to the outside world and people is in terms of bodily functions, organs and zones. (Tustin, 1972, p. 178) The indications and characteristi...
Autism is a brain disorder that limits a person's ability to relate and communicate with the world and with other people. It first appears in young children. Some people can navigate their world, some have exceptional abilities, while others struggle to speak. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) affect about one in 68 children, and strikes nearly five times as many boys as girls. (A visual guide to autism) Autism rates in developing countries have risen greatly in the past 20 years. For children born in 1992, according to the U.S. CDC, about 1 in 150 would be diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder. For children born in 2004, about 1 in 68 children would receive an ASD diagnosis. It’s hard to compare autism rates of the 1990s and 2000s with
Autism is a developmental disability that tends to appear during twelve to eighteen months of age (Your Child’s Rights). Signs of autism involves a variety of different development delays. Some of these delays may include social, emotional, and adaptability problems. Throughout this paper I will be discussing signs of autism, accommodations for autism, autism in the school’s, frequency of autism, and also how I would teach this child.