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Inclusion of autistic children in the normal classroom
Impact of inclusion for children with autism
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Annotated Bibliography
Van Hees, V., Moyson, T., & Roeyers, H. (n.d). Higher Education Experiences of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Challenges, Benefits and Support Needs. Journal Of Autism And Developmental Disorders, 45(6), 1673-1688.
The authors of this article begin by defining autism spectrum disorder. There has been significant increase in ASD cases have occurred in the past 10 years, and many of these students are enrolling in a higher education institution. Autism presents challenges, in general, but students that enroll in a higher education institution are at risk of other issues. The article discusses these challenges as well as the transition from high school to college from actual students with autism. Using these challenges,
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the authors have crafted support recommendations to help students with autism with this transition. This resource will serve as a resource for defining autism as well as evidence of challenges that students with autism face. We will examine how to better serve this growing population at the higher education level and use their recommendations to craft recommendations of our own. Mitchell, W., & Beresford, B. (2014). Young people with high-functioning autism and Asperger's syndrome planning for and anticipating the move to college: what supports a positive transition?. British Journal Of Special Education, 41(2), 151-171. This article focuses on high-functioning autism and Asperger’s students and the transition from high school to college. They go over the lack of awareness and understanding that staff and student experience when dealing with a student of autism. It gives steps that the student, parents, and staff can participate in that will help the student be successful in the transition. This article will help support different counseling and helping procedures. We will be able to use this information to help staff be prepared when working with students at a college or university level. Ackles, L., Fields, H., & Skinner, R. (2013). A Collaborative Support Model for Students on the Autism Spectrum in College and University Housing. Journal Of College & University Student Housing, 39/40(2/1), 200-212. Soon 500,000 students with autism will reach adulthood, many of these students will enroll in a higher education institution. Housing staff and higher education professionals are undereducated on autism spectrum disorder, so training must occur on the challenges these students face daily. Students with autism can hide away in their residence hall and hurt their socialization, but could also be intimidated by social interactions to cause breakdowns. This article presents tips for serving these students in the campus housing setting. We plan to use this resource as evidence that training is vital to working with students, but also working with students with sensitive disorders.
This also exhibits why students with autism should be evaluated on an individual basis when assigning campus housing.
Couzens, D., Poed, S., Kataoka, M., Brandon, A., Hartley, J., & Keen, D. (2015). Support for Students with Hidden Disabilities in Universities: A Case Study. International Journal Of Disability, Development & Education, 62(1), 24-41.
While many universities are seeking to attain increasing diversity student populations; some colleges are not equipped to support students with hidden disabilities. Hidden disabilities are disabilities that we can not identify with our eyes. This article addresses how we contact these student and finding the most effective way to address their individual issues.
This resource will allow us to demonstrate the different difficulties students deal with while in college. Also, will help share that many students with hidden disabilities need support no matter how severe their condition.
Gee, N. (2012). Disability and difference in higher education: be prepared for what you can't know. Diversity & Equality In Health & Care, 9(2),
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151-155. This resource focuses on students that have autism spectrum disorder, but has not been identified. ASD is often overlooked or avoided, but professions must know how to identify to better serve. We will use this resource as an example of how to deal with students with ASD that have not been identified by a medical profession. Gelbar, N. W., Smith, I., & Reichow, B. (n.d). Systematic Review of Articles Describing Experience and Supports of Individuals with Autism Enrolled in College and University Programs. Journal Of Autism And Developmental Disorders, 44(10), 2593-2601. The number of individuals with higher-functioning Autism spectrum disorder has risen and the number of those individuals seeking to attend institutions are also likely to increase. Anxiety, loneliness, and depression are the top experiences the students deal with. This information will serve as why we need to have academic and non-academic accommodations for the students. Dente, C. L., & Coles, K. P. (2012). Ecological Approaches to Transition Planning for Students with Autism and Asperger's Syndrome. Children & Schools, 34(1), 27-36. The authors declare that students on the autism spectrum have a need for social workers during the transition from high school to college. Parents of these students are great advocates, but often hinder their students development. Disability offices are great contacts, but are not legally required to offer all accommodations to students with autism. This resource will serve as evidence to support the need for a team behind a higher education student with autism. Charman, T., & Stone, W. L. (Eds.). (2008). Social and communication development in autism spectrum disorders: early identification, diagnosis, and intervention. New York: Guilford, 35-53. Editors Tony Charman, PhD, and Wendy Stone, PhD, have compiled the research of numerous leading experts in the field of Autism and Behavioral Disorders in order to provide a valuable resource to individuals who wish to learn more about the early signs found in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and the beneficial interventions which can improve their learning outcomes. This particular source was an excellent reference point for our group as it helped us understand the process in which experts recognize ASD in young children. Although most children who fall on the autism spectrum are diagnosed between the ages of four and six years old, it is possible to be diagnosed as early as two years old or further into the individual’s adult years. In addition to this, the diagnostic criteria used to identify specific trajectories and slopes can change as the individual develops. There is no evidence that a specific treatment program will provide more effective results that hours of attention and encouragement from a mentor. This is a supporting factor that individuals with ASD should be treated on a case-to-case basis, especially in terms of receiving disability services at colleges and universities and in the classroom. Siegel, B. (2007). Helping children with autism learn: treatment approaches for parents and professionals: a guide to autistic learning disabilities and finding the right method for your child's learning style. New York: Oxford University Press, 377-407. Bryna Siegel, PhD, outlines children who experience autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and what parents and professionals can expect when creating effective treatment programs and educational approaches within the classroom.
The author emphasises a unique approach to each individual who falls on the spectrum because each problem can be approached numerous ways to find a proficient solution. The author advocates that each individual experiencing ASD find a program or learning approach that works favorably for them. Siegel denotes that no two educational programs or teaching methods are the same, nor is there any program that is more effective than the other. When choosing a program, one must consider personal ability, necessary accommodations, and whether or not the curriculum is developmentally appropriate.
This source highlighted different approaches taken by schools, teachers, and aides that work closely with persons with ASD. While states offer equal educational opportunities to students, it is important for the individual to understand what their needs are when choosing a school or program. While mainstreaming students with ASD into normal learning environments can be beneficial to personal development, it can also be damaging if the students is not emotionally prepared. This type of frustration can cause the individual with ASD to exhibit problematic behavior or cause them to develop
anxiety. This shows that while persons with ASD are capable of completing standard coursework within the school, it is important for the student to utilize programs, departments, or trained personnel available to them on campus that will lend support and help create a standard to which the students can maintain normality and achieve success. Volkmar, F. R., & Wiesner, L. A. (2009). A practical guide to autism. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 290-293 Penned by Volkmar, an authority on autism, and Wiesner, a pediatric autism specialist, this book serves as a guide to parents or guardians on what they can expect when raising a child who identifies on the autism spectrum. In this particular source, the authors outline the expectations of what an individual with ASD should do to set themselves up for success when transitioning into a college or vocational program. Information included covers self-identification, the utilization of disability services, and the development of independent living skills. This source lays the framework for student responsibility. While in previous years the parent or guardian may have been heavily involved in the educational process, it is now in the hands of the student to self-identity with the college and provide necessary paperwork that will allow them to benefit from college services, such as testing accommodations, peer mentors, and access to vocational training programs. Independent living skills receive special emphasis as students with more severe cases of ASD may need to seek additional resources to ensure that they form suitable self-care and study habits. In many cases, students who live on a residential campus will develop these skills at an accelerated rate. This source was beneficial as it gave a snapshot of what some of the everyday struggles are for a student with ASD as they complete the registration and enrollment process. Furthermore, it provides a path for the student to understand the steps they need to take as they transition into an independent living environment. This reinforces the idea that accommodations for students who identify on the autism spectrum are beneficial and influence a welcome and engaging learning environment.
Those with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) see the world in a diverse way; teachers and adults need to recognize this. Robison gives examples of his childhood where he misinterpreted information from others including social cues, as well as instructions. He was in these situations punished either socially or academically.
Dillon, P., & Grammer, E. (2001). Success stories of students with disabilities noted in new book. Science, 294(5543), 879.
“Using Disability Studies Theory to Change Disability Services: A Case Study in Student Activism” outlines Syracuse University struggles with disability-related topics. Some of the university’s students formed a committee called Beyond Compliance Coordinating Committee to be the voice for the disabled students. The article follows their journey in struggles with implementing handicap-accessible areas and study material for a student that was blind (Cory, White, & Stuckey, 2010). This article reminds me of a close friend from my old neighborhood. He got into a really bad car accident that left him paralyzed from the waist down. After the accident some friends and I helped his parent modify their home to accommodate for his wheelchair. When tragic accidents like that help it really makes you put thing into perspective.
As societal pressures for higher education increase, more emphasis has been placed on the importance of a minimum of a bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university. This has led to the increased enrollment of students with learning disabilities over the past decade. According to a recent survey from the National Clearinghouse on Postsecondary Education for Individuals with Disabilities, one in eleven full-time first-year students entering college in 1998 self-reported a disability. This translates to approximately 154,520 college students, or about 9% of the total number of first-year freshmen, who reported a wide range of disabilities, ranging from attention deficit disorder to writing disabilities (Horn).
For all teens, the transition into adulthood is generally seen as a challenging and scary process. For teens diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) as well as their caregivers, this transition is often more complicated. The period of transition for individuals with ASD into adulthood is intensely more challenging due to their “unique characteristics, the lack of services that address the special needs of such individuals in adulthood, and the expectations of society for a typical path to adulthood in the face of atypical problems” (Geller and Greenberg, 2009, pg. 93). Without the necessary resources to transition, teens with ASD find themselves unprepared for life at work, in college, or community living. Through this paper, the reader will obtain knowledge in regards to what ASD is, the barriers it yields concerning the transition into adulthood, and the effects it has on the individual as well
Students with high-incidence disabilities or HID are the most common in schools. The group of high incidence disabilities include students with emotional, behavioral or mild intellectual disabilities as well as those with autism, speech or language impairments and attention deficit disorder (Gage et al., 2012). Students with HID are usually taught within the general education classroom. There are either co-teachers or a resource teacher that takes the students out of the general education classroom for short periods of time to work in a more individual, structured environment (Personal Improvement Center, n.d.).... ...
It is essential that all students have access to a quality education and an inclusive education system should meet their diverse needs. The Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development [DEECD] (2014) stipulates that education providers must make ‘reasonable adjustments’ to support students with disabilities to comply with the standard. Graduate teachers should also demonstrate an understanding of legislative requirements and be able to identify teaching strategies that support the involvement and learning of students with disabilities (AITSL, 2014). They should understand the importance of focusing on what a student with a disability can do and work with the student’s strengths. A graduate teacher should know what resources, agencies and assistive technologies are available to support the learning needs of a student with a disability.
Yell, M. L. (2003). Developing legally correct and educationally appropriate programs for students with autism spectrum disorders. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 18, 182-191.
...cation, and about 8,000 of them have been classified as having autism. Many students with that identification are in lower grades, and it is highly probable that substantial number of other students have not been identified as having ASD because they are higher functioning.” (Cohen & Hough, 2013) With the number of children being diagnosed with ASD continuing to rise and the search for answers still unclear, the ASD Nest Program has, according to recent research, effectively provided children, parents and teachers with an educational approach that targets the specific needs of children with higher-functioning autism. As the ASD Nest Program continues to expand throughout the New York City area, more and more children with this diagnosis will be provided the proper supports in order to allow these children to flourish both within their schools and their communities.
Informing teachers of the areas that students with autism spectrum disorder struggle in will better help them understand...
In the recent years, there has been an increase with the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007), 1 in 150 children are said to be autistic and according to many states ASD is seen as an epidemic. The problem with these numbers is how to teach these children affectively in the best academic environment. In 2005-2006 it was reported that 31% of autistic students were placed in general education classrooms and around 40% in separate classes, typically referred as autistic support classrooms (U.S. Department of Education, 2007). Characteristically, the student will be placed in an autistic support (AS) room because the general education room is not the least restricted environment for that child.
Dempsey, I. & Foreman, P. ( 2001). A Review of Educational Approaches for Individuals with Autism. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 48 (1), 105-116.
Students with developmental disabilities face many challenges in receiving a quality and appropriate education. Jobs for people with developmental disabilities continues to be a serious issue because wages, training and supports lack significantly. Health care issues are a major concern for people with developmental disabilities and their families, as they fight with discrimination, quality of care and affordability. Housing is also an issue that people with developmental disabilities are fighting for. There is a lack of funding for Section 811 Housing, and they are struggling to find safe, disability accessible and affordable households. They often need long term care to address their health conditions and they struggle to get the appropriate care they need, where they are then placed on waiting lists or are given the option of institutional care. Many people with developmental disabilities depend on their Social Security programs to live, but most of the programs fail to meet their needs. Advocates need be knowledgeable on all of these issues and what is available to the individual to help
To begin with, full inclusion in the education system for people with disabilities should be the first of many steps that are needed to correct the social injustices that people with disabilities currently face. Students with disabilities are far too frequently isolated and separated in the education system (Johnson). They are often provided a diluted, inferior education and denied meaningful opportunities to learn. There are many education rights for children with disabilities to p...
Education is a profession which requires a teacher to be able to communicate with a multitude of students on a variety of levels. There is not a class, or student for that matter, that is identical. Therefore, teachers must be able to identify and help educate students from all different types of backgrounds and at different levels. Teaching a singular subject presents difficulties, but teaching students with disabilities should not be one. There are three main teaching areas that need to be focused on when teaching a student with a learning disability. Teachers need to focus on the strategies that will assist students with reading comprehension skills, writing skills, and maintaining appropriate behaviors in a classroom setting.