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Inclusion and special education positive and negative effects
Effects of inclusive education on the performance of students with learning difficulties
Inclusion of children with special needs
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Inclusion of Children with Autism
The inclusion of children with learning disabilities into normal classrooms has proved to exhibit both positive and negative effects on children with and without disabilities.
However, the negative aspects of inclusion have not proven a strong enough point in that the good, which comes from this experience, severely outweighs any doubt of its success. Inclusion of autistic children has shown to be beneficial due to the notion that these 'disabled kids' can attend 'normal' classes with their non-learning disabled peers. By allowing all kids to feel 'normal' we, as a society, stand a chance of making prejudice which we associate the disabled under, cease to exist.
Autism is a rare disorder that primarily affects the nervous system and psychic emotion system. It causes the abnormality or incapability to complete, on the normal level, skills in language, sensory, communicative, and social perspectives. Depending on the individual's severity, the disability can manifest itself in a very wide range of symptoms. One of the universal symptoms is an infatuation with inanimate objects or objects that spin. Although the disorder encompasses many different symptoms and effects, it is very common for children with autism to develop other disorders throughout their development. In many cases, children will develop hyperactivity, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and/or Tourette's syndrome. Autism is still a disorder that is under continuous study by many people in an attempt to determine exactly how the brain is being affected. The disorder is not a form of retardation, although some children with the disorder are born with mental retardation. Even though autistic children lack the normal skills in...
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...ho has this disability?
Kaplan, James E. & Moore, Jr., Ralph J, (2000), Legal Rights and Hurdles. (2nd ed.) Powers, Michael D. Ed., Children with Autism: A Parent?s Guide, Woodbine House Inc
?Explains inclusion and the testing aspects and how they determine if the students are hurting or benefiting all parts their schooling environment?
Macarthur, Charles A., Rozmiarek, Daniel J., (1999), Full-Time Collaborative Teaching: Special Education in an Inclusive Classroom. Graham, Steve & Harris, Karen R. Ed., Teachers working Together, Massachusetts: Brookline Books.
?Discusses what and how inclusion works. Who is involved and how it effects both teachers and the students who partake?
Guskin, Samuel L., Gottlieb, Jay, (1941), Attitudes Toward Children with Disabilities. Encyclopedia of Educational Research, New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, (Vol. 1).
Educators can have strong feelings on the subject because having special needs students in a regular classroom can have a large impact on the classroom community. Those who believe in inclusive classrooms realize that, to be successful, it requires allot of classroom management and differentiated instruction, but feel the benefits are worth the work involved. Those who do not believe in inclusion feel that it leads to “l...
What do we do with children with disabilities in the public school? Do we include them in the general education class with the “regular” learning population or do we separate them to learn in a special environment more suited to their needs? The problem is many people have argued what is most effective, full inclusion where students with all ranges of disabilities are included in regular education classes for the entire day, or partial inclusion where children spend part of their day in a regular education setting and the rest of the day in a special education or resource class for the opportunity to work in a smaller group setting on specific needs. The need for care for children with identified disabilities both physical and learning continues to grow and the controversy continues.
...is case, full inclusion means that all students, regardless of handicapping condition or severity, will be in a regular classroom full time. Although some may argue that that it is important to give every student equal opportunities to learn, and that it is only fair to include all students in regular learning environments, Decisions about including children with autism into fully integrated settings must be made consistent with the principle of the "least restrictive environment" as a guiding principle. No person with autism should be unnecessarily or inappropriately denied access to meaningful educational activities. However, it should be noted that the concept of least restrictive environment requires that appropriate learning take place. Placement decisions also require that students be capable of meaningful learning and functioning within the setting selected.
Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for children with disabilities in a Least Restrictive Environment to not have their needs met adequately. Some parents think that teachers do not have the proper skills to help their child with disabilities flourish in the classroom. Two concerns/challenges are that typical developing students will imitate inappropriate behaviors made by students with disabilities and students with disabilities could potentially get teased about their disabilities and inappropriate behaviors. As said by Virginia Buysse and Donal B. Baily, Jr. (1993) “… the opportunities for young children with disabilities to interact with peers in integrated settings must be carefully
“The 1% of US students with labels of severe disabilities including mental retardation have been historically excluded from ‘inclusive’ education” (Bentley, 2008, p. 543). Laws such as PL 94-142 and “No Child Left Behind” (as cited in Bentley), say that ‘public school students with all types of disabilities be educated in the least restrictive environment—‘to the maximum extent possible…with children who do not have disabilities’ the majority of these students with special education labels, such as, mental retardation and multiple disabilities are still isolated in special education classrooms (Bentley, 2008, p. 545). Wehmeyer (as cited in Bentley), points out that mere access does not promote authentic participation (Bentley, 2008, p. 546). Burkowski et al (as cited in Webster and Cater), “Friendship has been defined as a bond between two individuals that is stable across time and involves mutual affection, mutual preference and having fun together” (Webster and Carter, 2007, p. 201). It is up to parents, teachers and other paraprofessionals to seek ways to facilitate and encourage the types of positive interactions that will foster these types of friendships. If done successfully all students will benefit and there will be true inclusion.
Sharpe, M. N., & York, J. L. (1994). Effects of inclusion on the academic performance of
The number of children that display autistic traits keeps rising and the need for services is at an all-time high. Out of 10,000 children born, 60 to 100 children and families will be affected by autistic spectrum disorder (Gulberg, 2010). Autism is characterized by a lack of connection to other people, even parents, and an avoidance of interpersonal situations (Feldman, 2011). Children with autism also show limited, repetitive and stereotypical patterns of behavior, interest, and activities. Not one child with autism is the same as the next; each child has their own severity and indicators of autism. A child with intellectual disabilities and a gifted child can both be given the diagnosis of being on the autism spectrum, because of the wide range of severities. Many of these children will not attend special schools, but instead be included in the general education population by inclusion. Inclusion has been found to have a number of benefits for children with autism. In addition, negative perspectives have also come into play when discussing autism and inclusion. Furthermore, parents have the right to make decisions for their child on an individual basis.
Inclusion in classrooms is defined as combining students with disabilities and students without disabilities together in an educational environment. It provides all students with a better sense of belonging. They will enable friendships and evolve feelings of being a member of a diverse community (Bronson, 1999). Inclusion benefits students without disabilities by developing a sense of helping others and respecting other diverse people. By this, the students will build up an appreciation that everyone has unique yet wonderful abilities and personalities (Bronson, 1999). This will enhance their communication skills later in life. Inclusive classrooms provide students with disabilities a better education on the same level as their peers. Since all students would be in the same educational environment, they would follow the same curriculum and not separate ones based on their disability. The main element to a successful inclusive classroom, is the teachers effort to plan the curriculum to fit all students needs. Teachers must make sure that they are making the material challenging enough for students without special needs and understandable to students with special needs. Inclusive classrooms are beneficial to students with and without special needs.
Dempsey, I. & Foreman, P. ( 2001). A Review of Educational Approaches for Individuals with Autism. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 48 (1), 105-116.
People with disabilities in the United States have a right to receive an unbiased education that is as similar to the education children without disabilities receive. Some children with disabilities need extra care and specific curriculum to reach developmental milestones and enhance their knowledge. All children need access to education that is geared toward their specific needs and abilities to attain these milestones. This means that regulations are a necessity to insure children with disabilities have equal accessibility to education and other services that will help perpetuate continual growth in their quality of life. According to Koster (2010), when students with disabilities are separated from the general school population via ‘special education classes’, their social interaction with peers is limited or non-existent. This directly impacts the child’s social development and leads to the possibility of these children not developing age-appropriate social skills, which can lead to a negative self-concept (2010). It is important to understand that inclusion of students with disabilities does not guarantee that they will develop appropriate social skills. It allows the opportunity and the exposure, which may help children feel more socially intelligent and confident. A study directed by Ramakrishnarao (2013), the general population of elementary teachers thought of inclusion of children with disabilities in the education system as a positive aspect to a child’s life. There are many reasons as to why inclusion is so important in the lives of children with disabilities. Equal ...
Those who support an inclusion model for all students take the stand that students with disabilities should be placed in and inclusion setting with the idea that all special education students will benefit from an inclusion setting with their general education peers. An inclusion setting will provide academic growth and social growth. The placement of special education students in a general education classroom would also benefit students to respect and accept those students who are different. Students should be placed in an inclusion setting whenever possible (Noll, 2013).
There are millions of children that are passing through the United States school system every day, not all children possess the same traits, and not all children can learn at the same rate, and do not perform at the same ability. The fact that all children learn differently and some have difficulties learning in general classrooms, special education was put into place to try and take care of these issues. Special education programs were put into place to help all students with disabilities. These children range from general disabilities to more complex and severe disabilities. There has been a revolution occurring in the past several years with education systems, and special education. There have now been several laws that have been passed that mandate changes in special education and the treatment that children, and parents receive, it also changes how the children are being taught, and how the teachers are to also change and conform to this idea called inclusion. Inclusion in the school system simply is stating that children who have learning disabilities, and more severe disabilities are to be included in the general education environment for as long as possible daily. There has been several different names other than inclusion that have been used, but in present times and since the 1990’s inclusion has been the most common term used. “The change in terminology was pushed in part by the philosophy that inclusion would mean more than only physical placement of children with disabilities in the same classroom, but rather it conveyed that children with disabilities would become a part of larger social, community, and societal systems” (Odom, Buysse, & Soukakou, 2011, para. 3). There has not been just one major law that was passed...
Inclusion has become increasingly important in education in recent years, with the Education for Persons with Special Educational Needs Act being passed in 2004 to ensure equality in our system. In summary, inclusion is the idea of there being no child...
And so they could also learn other things from the other normal children if they would become friends already. A special educator must focus among those students that have exceptionalities because that is their field of study. Special educator would be for special children that parents wanted to have their children, because they know that a special educator can fulfill the academic needs of every student with special needs. Palmer, Fuller, Arora and Nelson (2001) analyzed the comments of 140 parents of students with sever disabilities who were in special education settings to identify the reasons for their support of, or resistance to, inclusive education. This system may be a path for the special children to be with normal ones, and with parents they thought this could really help their children to improve performances. Inclusion System affects the Teacher itself. Among the advantages of inclusion system, let's consider the disadvantages the most. To the point that every children with disability needs an extra care and attention to an adult or even to a teacher for the reason that they manifest things different from the normal beings. They may manifest behaviors
Inclusion in the classroom has been a topic of conversation throughout the history of organized education. Incorporating special education students with general education students, both groups are given a unique opportunity to learn and grow together rather than in separate environments. In Kerri Phillips’ article, “Inclusive Education,” she describes inclusive learning as “the goal of inclusive practices is to plan and devise an intervention option that is unique in meeting the disabled individual 's educational needs” (Phillips, 1) Some argue that combining both types of students into one classroom may be detrimental to the other, while many scholars and organizations argue in favor of inclusive classrooms that allow all students to learn in environments that are molded to the individual students. By looking at the various elements that make an inclusive classroom superior to a regular classroom, it will be apparent that children fortunate enough to be in a cutting edge, innovative, and inclusive classrooms will have the leg up in the rest of their academic and