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Essays about nicolaus copernicus
Essay about astronomy in scientific revolution
Essays about nicolaus copernicus
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Astronomy in the 1500 and 1600 Hundreds
During the Scientific Revolution, new discoveries in astronomy sparked the interest of scientists leading to further development to future ideas. Before the 1500s, civilization had concluded that the theory of a geocentric system, originally proposed by Claudius Ptolemy in
140 AD, was accurate. The Geocentric Theory is the belief of the Earth being the center of the Universe. Although in the 1500 and 1600 hundreds, there was a rapid succession of new theories that became relevant. New astronomers, like Nicolas Copernicus, showed reasons as too why their ideas about a heliocentric system, or everything revolving around the sun, were true.
Nicolas Copernicus was an astronomer that truly believed that the
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Geocentric Theory that influenced the public were false. He developed models of his the solar system which he thought of and exposed this information to the public. His studies were based on the work of the early astronomer, Aristarchus. Aristarchus introduced the idea that the Earth actually revolved around the sun along with the other known planets. The public and government officials strongly disagreed with this hypothesis and he was exiled. His ideas remained inept until Nicolas Copernicus reintroduced it with his models. (Christoforou) Copernicus’ models where very accurate to the truth, although excluding outer planets due to primitive technologies, which allowed for more precise star mapping and travels based upon the stars. (Christoforou) Copernicus later published a book in on his depicting his findings and discoveries of our solar system. Galileo Galilei, a scientist born from Italy, was one of the first people to take the newly invented telescope and look up into the skies.
His curiosity allowed for him to make vast discoveries of new, unseen stars and planets. Before the telescope, people were unable to see these terrestrial objects in great detail which lead to inaccurate information. He found that the telescope invented by guy who invented the telescope was not enough to observe the objects at such a distance at which he was viewing. So he took matters into his own hands and made his own models which were able to magnify an image up to 30 times the amount of its original size. “Telescopes caused an explosion of available knowledge beyond what could have been imagined 100 years before.” (“History of Astronomy.” Chuck Creager Jr.) Galileo observed many interesting features of planets in our solar system. He looked and found four small, little lights surrounding the planet of Jupiter. He had not yet been able to identify what these objects where but he was aware of their existence. These lights were later revealed to be the moons of Jupiter, which would soon be called the Galilean moons. (Drake, Stillman.) Next, Galileo looked to observe the planets. Before his findings, other planets in our solar system were always hypothesized to be made out of a crystalline substance. It was revealed to him that they were actually made out of bbbbb. (Drake,
Stillman.) There was one philosopher who played a huge role in the scientific revolution. Kepler developed a law called the laws of planetary motion. This law states that all (add smol stuff here). He began to determine that the distance between the planets was actually a certain amount and not just random. He learned that each planet had a gravitational pull that attracted each planet towards each other although the thought of gravity had not been uncovered. This pull lead to the set amount of space between each planet. Kepler had also made discoveries about the sudden appearance of stars. One night he was watching through his telescope and observed the sudden appearance of light where he had not seen any before. He wondered why this occurred and figured out that it was because the light took time for it to travel all the way from the star to Earth’s atmosphere. (Gregersen, Erik) This was an astonishing discovery for the world because before everyone had just thought that there was a set number of stars. Up until then, no one had realized that there had been an almost infinite amount of stars in our ever expanding universe that were so far away that they just couldn’t be seen. With this knowledge people would be able to determine the distance between stars and the distance they are from Earth. Although that the scientific community would not be able to find out the speed of light until later on in the future. Kepler’s astronomic discoveries were not the only thing that he had been known for. He hypothesized about how magnetism affected astronomy. (Gregersen, Erik) Stuff about magnetism. Kepler didn’t just observe the universe, he studied about how light worked. He revealed that the light protruding into the eye was turned into an image. Sir Isaac Newton, a blank blank, was an astronomer and inventor that came up with laws of a newly found function, gravity. He had discovered gravity while messing around with jjjjjj.(“History Of Astronomy” Chuck Creager Jr.) Newton also invented a new type of telescope, called the refracting telescope. His model was based upon some of the telescopes Galileo had invented. It would take the light and run it through a medium to allow for the waves to slow down and possibly change directional angles. The telescope uses two lenses to produce a multitude of size scaling images. So dependent on the length of the glass inside of the telescope, it would be able to focus the magnification and emphasis on small details of the image. Although this new technology had limitations. Refracting telescopes would not be able to produce accurate color to what the light is protruding from the source. This was due to the change of the angle of light via the large lens in the telescope. It was also hard to create a piece of glass that would have to be extremely seamless and excluding alterations to the optimal shape. If there was just one alteration, there would be a large change in the outcome image showed to the viewer. The telescope Newton had created lead to him being able to produce more accurate star mapping that Galileo ever could with the 30x magnification telescope. His ideas were so innovative for his time and his models are still used today, although on a larger scale.
I think that according to Galileo an individual gains knowledge of nature threw observation. Galileo believed no one really went out into the world as he did and used the senses that God gave us when we where created, to observe the physical world. He was a very persistent individual and was always looking further into what he observed our read. Many people went along with how he gained knowledge of nature but the few who did not tried to find other ways to damage his beliefs and ideas.
A key parallel between the scientific revolution and the enlightenment was the decreasing belief in authority. The scientific revolution lead to great advances in astronomy, mathematics, geography, botany and medicine (7). A key discovery was that of Copernicus’ heliocentric theory (2). The heliocentric theory proposed that the sun was at the centre of the universe as opposed to the earth which was the common belief held strongly at the time. Copernicus discovered that the sun was at the centre of the universe, and that the moon orbited the earth while the earth orbited the sun. This theory raised profound qu...
The scientific revolution can be considered one of the biggest turning points in European history. Because of new scientific ideas and theories, a new dawn of thinking and questioning of natural elements had evolved. Scientific revolution thinkers such as Newton, Galileo, and Copernicus all saw nature as unknowable and wanted to separate myths from reality. During the scientific revolution during mid 1500-late 1600s, key figures such as Isaac Newton and Nicolaus Copernicus greatly impacted Europe in terms of astronomical discoveries, scientific methods, and the questioning of God to challenge the church’s teachings.
In order to distinguish between religion and natural philosophy, Galileo appealed to the centuries old sentiment of observation. If people were able to reproduce or procure their own instrument such as the telescope, they could simply observe the craters and shadows of the moon themselves. People would be able to observe the change in the appearance of the lunar surface in connection to how it was struck by the suns rays (Biagoli 2006, 106). In a broad sense, Galileo was able to build what we would call the basic elements of science today, validity and replicability, which allowed him to divide religion and
He was an opportunist, but not cynical. He believed that his ideas were beneficial to the society as a whole, so he did not only think about himself. He was an opportunist, no doubt, as he decided to take action and published the book The Starry Messenger that recorded his findings and observations of the stars and planet, thus changing the old mindset of the Earth being the only planet with satellites and the heliocentric theory. He also had plans ready in case opportunities turn up so he could grasp them. For example, when Baberini became the Pope and Bellarmine died, he immediately drafted a debate between the old sciences, which were Geocentrism and other beliefs that the Church had, and the new sciences, which were Heliocentrism and other things that Galileo discovered. He was a Catholic, and believed in searching for the truth of the world, thus he was not researching for his own sake, but for the world’s. In such circumstances, he was an opportunis...
It was during the Age of Exploration that Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas. Both the Portuguese and the Spanish thought that Columbus had reached the East Indies. This sparked conflict between both sides because Portugal thought that Columbus might have claimed land for Spain that the Portuguese might have reached first. As a result, in 1494, Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesilla, which made them recognize the line of Demarcation. Europeans established trading outposts along the shores of South and Southeast Asia. The Renaissance also inspired curiosity in the field of science. Many scientific ideas were brought up during the Scientific Revolution. The Scientific Revolution was a period where there was advances in scientific and mathematical thought. During the Scientific Revolution, many individuals based their ideas on observations. During the Middle Ages, scientists believed the geocentric theory, earth was in the center of the universe. However, during the Scientific Revolution the heliocentric theory was introduced. An astronomer named Nicolaus Copernicus studied planetary movements for many years and he realized that the sun was in the middle and not the
Galileo used this great invention to report astronomical facts such as the moon is cover with craters instead of being smooth, the Milky Way is composed of millions of stars, and Jupiter have four moons. Perhaps the most famous discovery is the Earth revolves around the Sun and the Earth is not the center of the universe (even though he was discredited at the time).
The modern science view as well as the Scientific Revolution can be argued that it began with Copernicus’ heliocentric theory; his staunch questioning of the prior geocentric worldview led to the proposal of a new idea that the Earth is not in fact the center of the solar system, but simply revolving around the Sun. Although this is accepted as common sense today, the period in which Copernicus proposed this idea was ground-breaking, controversial, and frankly, world-changing. The Church had an immense amount of power, and was a force to be reckoned with; in the beginning of the Scientific Revolution, new scientific proposals and ideas were discouraged in many cases by the Church. A quote from Galileo’s Children does an excellent job summing up the conflict: “The struggle of Galileo against Church dogma concerning the nature of the cosmos epitomized the great, inevitable and continuing clash between religion and reason.” If evidence goes against scripture, the scientist is considered a heretic and is, like in Galileo’s case, forbidden to discuss the ideas any further. Galileo Galilei, who proposed solid evidence and theory supporting the heliocentric model, was forced to go back on his beliefs in front of several high officials, and distance himself from the Copernican model. This, luckily, allowed him to not be killed as a heretic, which was the next level of punishment for the crimes he was charged with, had he not went back on his beliefs. Incredible support was given through the young developing academies with a sense of community for scientists and academics; “Renaissance science academies represent a late manifestation of the humanist academy movement.” Since the Church was grounded traditionally evidence that went agains...
Galileo was not the person who invented the telescope, but he was the first one to use the telescope to study the heavens. He made many observations using the telescope that shocked the religious world. In this short essay, I will only focus on three observations and how an Aristotlean reacts to it. These observations played a very important role on the development of astronomy.
In 1513, Nicholas Copernicus, composed a brief theory that stated that the sun is at rest and the earth is in rotation around the sun. In 1543, just days before his death, Copernicus published this theory in On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres. This theory was meant to dissolve the long lived belief in Ptolemyís theory which stated, "The earth was at the center because it was the heaviest of objects(Kagan331)." This was a common belief at that time, which supported the religious beliefs that the earth was the center of the universe and God in the heavens were surrounding the earth. Copernicusís theory was shocking, but he published such a controversial theory without sufficient evidence, it had to be considered invalid.
Nicholaus Copernicus is one of the most well known astronomers of all time. He is even labeled as the founder of modern astronomy for the proposition of his heliocentric theory (“Nicolaus Copernicus”, Scientists: Their Lives and Works). The heliocentric theory was revolutionary for Copernicus’ time. Copernicus lived during the Renaissance. “The era of the Renaissance (roughly 1400-1600) is usually known for the “rebirth” of an appreciation of ancient Greek and Roman art forms, along with other aspects of classical teachings that tended to diminish the virtually exclusive concentration on religious teachings during the preceding centuries of the “Dark Ages.” New thinking in science was also evident in this time…” This time period became known as the scientific revolution (“Copernicus: On The Revolutions Of Heavenly Bodies). In other words, old ideas were revived in the arts and other means and less emphasis was placed o...
At the time just prior to the revolution, ideas and thoughts had been based strictly around faith and not scientific reasoning. The founders of the revolution took a leap of faith into an unknown realm of science and experimentation. Four of the many brilliant founders of the Scientific Revolution; Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler and Brahe, used previous scientific principles and their own genius to make advances in science that are still being used today. Scientific pamphlets, the telescope, observations of the universe and the creation of ...
Over the course of the years, society has been reformed by new ideas of science. We learn more and more about global warming, outer space, and technology. However, this pattern of gaining knowledge did not pick up significantly until the Scientific Revolution. In the sixteenth and seventeenth century, the Scientific Revolution started, which concerned the fields of astronomy, mechanics, and medicine. These new scientists used math and observations strongly contradicting religious thought at the time, which was dependent on the Aristotelian-Ptolemy theory. However, astronomers like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo, and Newton accepted the heliocentric theory. Astronomical findings of the Scientific Revolution disproved the fact that humans were the center of everything, ultimately causing people to question theology’s role in science and sparking the idea that people were capable of reasoning for themselves.
Even if the scientists were not necessarily revolutionary in themselves, their ideas were. Indeed, Copernicus’ idea of the sun centered of the universe and the earth rotating around it, was a key element for the establishment of our understanding of our surroundings today (Vesel 2014). Today, it seems obvious when people state that the earth is round, or that the earth move around the sun. Technology and videos that one can access can prove it on one click of the Internet. Yet, back in those days, those ideas were very hard to prove. Without having those technologies, scientists were already trying to understand the world around them, and the Copernican revolution made some important knowledge well-known around the world. It is crucial to put the historical background of those early astronomers, that tried to understand the whole universe we the little they had. Studies of the stars and planet took years. It took long for the observation, and as long to analyze all the data. Today many take for granted what is happening in the universe. People are not focus on the movement of the stars, and little can tell much about the universe. Yet, those scientists devoted their life, for a knowledge individuals commonly have
In 1609 the telescope was invented and Galileo began making his own lenses for better telescopes and then started looking at the sky. In December and January (1609-1610) it is said that he made more discoveries that changed the world that anyone has made before or since. He wrote a book called the “Starry Messenger”, and said that there were mountains on the moon, the Milky Way was made up of many stars, and there were small bodies in orbit around Jupiter. He used his mathematical skills to calculate the motions of these bodies around Jupiter. In 1610 he started looking at Saturn and discovered the rings, and the phases of Saturn (just like our moon’s phases).