Extraction of Asphalt from a mix is a common practice in the asphalt laboratories. The extracted asphalt is used for characterization in the laboratories to ensure quality, performance and research. ASTM D2172 is the most accepted procedure for asphalt extraction. This procedure includes five methods such as Method A the centrifuge extraction, Method B the Reflux extraction, Method C first variation of the Reflux method, Method D the second variation of Reflux method and Method E the vacuum extraction. Among them centrifuge method is most popular because the asphalt extracted using Reflux method is subjected to more aging and the vacuum extraction method is not used in a regular basis. There are other methods which are as follows Determination of asphalt binder content from asphalt mixtures using the Asphalt Nuclear Gauge and Determination of Asphalt binder content of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) by ignition method. However, in this paper the discussed methods will be limited within chemical based extraction method. Extracted asphalt has to be recovered from the solution. The methods used for recovery are ASTM D1856, Recovery of Asphalt from Solution by Abson method and ASTM D5404, Recovery of Asphalt using Rotovapor apparatus. The solvents used for recovery are trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane, and nitration based benzene etc. Among them benzene is the most toxic solvent. The properties obtained from these test methods were erroneous so it was necessary to develop new methods. Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) developed modified extraction and recovery procedures to compensate those errors. The SHRP extraction procedure (AASHTO TP2) is more precise as it uses rotating cylinder with baffled inside wh...
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...ew chlorinated solvent creates severe aging such as Carbon tetrachloride, 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane etc. Age hardening occurs in almost all the solvents but weaker the solvent i.e. toluene lower the hardening (4). A vacuum extraction cylinder is used to remove the extract from the cylinder. In this procedure, the method for recovery is a modification of Rotovapor method. To remove the asphalt from the mix about seven wash of solvent is necessary (1). There are few problems using SHRP method. This method recovers only 50g of sample which is enough for one test like Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). Several extraction and recoveries would be necessary in order to run some more tests e.g. Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) and Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR). Each extraction and recovery requires six hours and has to be operated carefully to avoid the incidence of flash boiling (2).
The purpose of this experiment was to learn and preform an acid-base extraction technique to separate organic compounds successfully and obtaining amounts of each component in the mixture. In this experiment, the separation will be done by separatory funnel preforming on two liquids that are immiscible from two layers when added together. The individual components of Phensuprin (Acetylsalicylic acid, Acetanilide, and Sucrose as a filler) was separated based upon their solubility and reactivity, and the amount of each component in the mixture was obtained. Also, the purity of each component will be determined by the melting point of the component.
Doing so would cause the asphalt to harden and therefore make it unusable. “Because asphalt cannot be stored, it is not susceptible to being inventoried” (Justia, 2000).
Because of the limited amount of time the student is provided during this lab experiment, the complete amount of distillate was not collected fully due to the procedure being very slow and time consuming. The final eugenol that was isolated was not completely pure, and this is proven by the percent recovery being 110%, which is clearly higher than a 100%. This means that other substances were isolated along with the eugenol oil, such as leftover dichloromethane, which was used in the first place because the water and eugenol did not successfully separate into two layers, thus dichloromethane was added to help separate them. This is was caused percent recovery to be higher than what it should be. Heating and boiling the final solution for a longer time until all the dichloromethane is evaporated completely can easily avoid the presence of
In order to separate the mixture of fluorene, o-toluic acid, and 1, 4-dibromobenzene, the previously learned techniques of extraction and crystallization are needed to perform the experiment. First, 10.0 mL of diethyl ether would be added to the mixture in a centrifuge tube (1) and shaken until the mixture completely dissolved (2). Diethyl ether is the best solvent for dissolving the mixture, because though it is a polar molecule, its ethyl groups make it a nonpolar solvent. The compounds, fluorene and 1, 4-dibromobenzene, are also nonpolar; therefore, it would be easier for it to be dissolved in this organic solvent.
Every 5 minutes, a small amount of mixture was dissolved in acetone (0.5 mL) and was spotted onto a thin layer chromatography (TLC) plate, which contained an eluent mixture of ethyl acetate (2 mL) and hexanes (8 mL). The bezaldehyde disappearance was monitored under an ultraviolet (UV) light. Water (10 mL) was added after the reaction was complete, and vacuum filtrated with a Buchner funnel. Cold ethanol (5 mL) was added drop-by-drop to the dried solid and stirred at room temperature for about 10 minutes. Then, the solution was removed from the stirrer and place in an ice bath until recrystallization. The recrystallized product was dried under vacuum filtration and the 0.057 g (0.22 mmol, 43%) product was analyzed via FTIR and 1H NMR
The objective of this experiment was to perform extraction. This is a separation and purification technique, based on different solubility of compounds in immiscible solvent mixtures. Extraction is conducted by shaking the solution with the solvent, until two layers are formed. One layer can then be separated from the other. If the separation does not happen in one try, multiple attempts may be needed.
The purpose of this lab was to investigate which additive(s) will create the longest lasting oil-in-water emulsion.
Transformer oil is organic and therefore oxidizes and decays; creating oxidation by-products which destroy the paper insulation. The aging of transformer oil is caused by the oxidation process of the oil; therefore, c...
Once the asphalt patch has hardened, you’ll be ready to seal your driveway. Asphalt sealant is available at most home improvement stores. Carefully pour the sealant onto your driveway and then use a push broom to spread it across the surface. Repeat the process until you’ve sealed your entire driveway. Allow the sealant to dry overnight before driving on it.
The purpose of this particular experiment is to acquire the product 4-methylcyclohexene from the reactant 4-methylcyclohexanol by altering the equilibrium and using an elimination (E1) reaction involving dehydration with a strong acid acting as a catalyst. The following techniques and analyses were utilized in this experiment: simple distillation, “salting-out” the crude product, neutralization, unsaturation test, and infrared spectroscopy. Simple distillation is necessary for separating a liquid mixture and collecting the purified product or desired result. “Salting-out” the crude product was employed as a means of an extraction and purification process; that is, the salt would extract the water from the mixture, which leads to a reduction in solubility of the organic compound.
The process of oil pulling is relatively simple. What’s important to remember is the technique and to practice consistency.
Asphalt is the ideal material for a parking lot, but it eventually shows signs of wear. Parking lots tend to get heavy use and all that traffic combined with sun exposure and temperature changes takes a toll on the asphalt. You don't want to let damage get out of control or the base under the lot may become unstable, and then the repair bill escalates. Here's how to tell when your parking lot needs to be repaved, and how you go about having it done.
“They have a lot of horse power and I like the look of them as well. What brand of truck do you like to drive?” Richard curiously asked.
This research will focus its philosophy on interpretivism, which is “the study of social phenomena in their natural environment”. Interpretivism is simply trying to under stand what goes on in a company or an organization or in a business sector, in the case the oil and gas sector (Saunders and Lewis, 2012:106). In order ways, can be used to understand the role of project management best practices been applied by oil companies and how it affects their, outcome, performance and the industry in general. It helps to “understand and study the social phenomenon in the environment” (Saunders and Lewis, 2012:106) taking on the viewpoints, perceptions and assessment of the oil and gas
A petroleum engineer must obtain a bachelor’s degree in engineering. Some engineering programs offer field work while in school to get the student equated with the type of work in the petroleum engineering field. They are required to license to work in the public with others are under another petroleum engineer. Licensing requires an individual to have a degree from an ABET- accredited progr...