Purpose The purpose of the experiment was to examine the amount of acid neutralized by using an unknown sample of antacid. Theory Antacids are the oldest most effective known medications for treating heartburn.4 An antacid is used to neutralize hydrochloric acid, the gastric acid found inside the stomach. When the hydrochloric acid backs up out of the stomach and into the esophagus it causes heart burn.1 The antacids contain a mixture of weak bases such as magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2, aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3, and calcium carbonate CaCO3.The weak base in the antacid neutralizes the hydrochloric acid and relieves heart burn.4 According to Svante Arrhenius an acid is a substance that produces hydronium ions (H+) and a base is a substance …show more content…
Equal amounts of fifty milliliters of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide were obtained. The fifty milliliters of hydrochloric acid was added to the Erlenmeyer flask containing the antacid. The flask was swirled to allow the samples to completely dissolve. Approximately three drops of the bromocresol green indicator was added to the solution in the Erlenmeyer flask. The solution then turned urine yellow in color. A buret was obtained and cleaned out with deionized water to eliminate any remnants. The fifty milliliters of sodium hydroxide was then poured into the buret and the initial amount was recorded from the buret. The sodium hydroxide was then gradually titrated into the Erlenmeyer flask. With each drop of sodium hydroxide the flask was swirled to allow the solution to mix. The sodium hydroxide was added until the urine yellow solution in the flask turned a sea foam green color to detect the …show more content…
This procedure was conducted a total of three times. For each one of the trials the color change and calculations were recorded. The moles of hydrochloric acid neutralized by the unknown sample were found by subtracting the moles of sodium hydroxide (which was back titrated) , from the initial moles of hydrochloric acid. The moles of hydrochloric acid neutralized was then dived by the mass of pre weighed sample to give us the amount of moles of hydrochloric acid neutralized per gram of the unknown
* It was almost impossible to tell when the Alka-Seltzer tablet had dissolved, each time the experiment was done. This was a huge problem for the experiment as this could have totally caused problems to the experiment. A special type of detector apparatus, which bleeped when the correct amount of Alka-Seltzer tablet dissolved, could improve this, each time the experiment was done.
The experiment was conducted in three parts: Part A of the experiment consisted of extracting caffeine from an aqueous solution; Part B consisted of using three different compounds: benzoic acid, succinic acid, and sodium benzoate; and the last part of the experiment consisted of using a solid neutral compound with an acid or base impurity.
Most substances fall on a scale ranging from the most acidic to the the most basic with neutral substances falling somewhere in the middle. Scientists call this the pH scale. pH levels are measured in numbers,0 to 14. The closer a substance is to zero the more acidic it would be. The closer to 14 the more basic a substance would be.Now what defines an acid and a base, one might ask? There are three ways of defining acids, each singling out a specific property. The first theory is the Arrhenius Theory with states, that an acid is a substance that produces the ion H+ when in a water solution, while a base is a substance which produces the ion OH- when in a water solution. Examples of an Arrhenius acid are HCl and HNO3. Examples of an Arrhenius base are NaOH and AlOH3.
Apparatus: * 1 measuring cylinder * 1 test tube * 1 stop clock * A large gelatine cube containing indicator and NaOH * Hydrochloric acid ranging from 1-3 molars * A scalpel Diagram: Method: * Take the large gelatine cube and cut into 15 equal pieces * Place on piece of the cube into the test tube * Measure out 10mls of HCl in the measuring cylinder * Pour the HCl into the test tube with the gelatine cube and start the clock * Time how long it takes for the pink colour inside the gelatine cube to completely disappear * You will also notice that the cube dissolves slightly * Record your results and repeat this same process 3 times for each molar of acid: § 1 molar § 1.5 molar § 2 molar
An acid becomes a solution, when a hydrogen ion is released. A base becomes a solution, when a hydroxide ion is released. There are three classes of acids and bases. An acid produces H+ in a solution and a base produces OH. This is a theory called the Arrhenius definition. A man by the name of Svante Arrhenius developed this theory. Acids and bases can be defined their physical and chemical observations.
There are several antacids on the market and many claim to be fast working and provide long lasting relief. An antacid is a substance that has a basic content that reduces the pH of gastric juice in the stomach. pH is a measure of the hydrogen ions in one litre of a solution which indicates the acidity (and basicity) of a solution. The scale used to measure the pH ranges from 0 – 14, 0 being very acidic 7 being neutral and 14 being very basic.
Furthermore, an additional method to use other hydrochloric acids that have different concentration levels such as 1 M and 2.5 M ones, can improve the outcome of the results. This increases the variation of the independent variable, which accordingly increases the precision of results.
Antacids may provide symptom relief but are not effective in healing peptic ulcer when use alone (Mayo Clinic, 2014).
An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions, H+ or hydrodium ionsH3O+ in solution. There are three “kinds of acids”: Arrhenius, BrØnsted-Lowry, and Lewis Acid. An Arrhenius acid is a substance the increases the concentration of hydrogen ion, H+ or hydronium ions H3O+when dissolved in water. You must have water. A BrØnsted-Lowry acid is any substance that donates a hydrogen ion, H+ to another substance. A Lewis acid is any substance that accepts a lone pair of electrons.A strong acid is one that breaks apart close to 100% when in solution (example HCl). When dissolved in water, HCl breaks apart into H+ and Cl- ions. Not all acids break apart. A weak acid is/are chemicals that do not break apart well. Acids have a sour taste, they are: corrosive and electrolytes. Acids react with active metals (group 1 or 2) to produce hydrogen gas, H2 They also react with bases to produce salt and water (a neutralization reaction). An Arrhenius base is any substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. A BrØnsted-Lowry base is one that accepts a hydrogen ion, H+. A Lewis base is any substance that donates a lone pair of electrons. Bases have a bitter taste, bases react with acids to produce a neutralization reaction, and solutions that are basic feel slippery. On the pH scale, 7 is neutral. An acidic solution will have a greater hydrogen ion than hydroxide ion concent...
Acid-Base balance is the state of equilibrium between proton donors and proton acceptors in the buffering system of the blood that is maintained at approximately pH 7.35 to 7.45 under normal conditions in arterial blood. It is important to regulate chemical balance or homeostasis of body fluids. Acidity or alkalinity has to be regulated. An acid is a substance that lets out hydrogen ions in solution. Strong acid like hydrochloric acid release all or nearly all their hydrogen ions and weak acids like carbonic acid release some hydrogen ions.
Background Information Aspirin is an analgesic (pain relieving) and an antipyretic drug (a drug that lowers body temperature). The main constituent of aspirin is 2 - ethanoythydroxybenzoic acid, also known as acetylsalicyclic acid (shown below right). It was originally made from just salicylic acid (which is found in the bark of a willow tree) when used by the Ancient Greeks to counter fever and pain, but its bitterness and tendency to irritate the stomach caused problems. These were resolved by the German chemist Felix Hoffman, who made the acetyl derivative of salicylic acid in the
An alkali is a soluble base and forms hydroxyl ions (OH-) when placed in water. It can be called a proton acceptor and will accept hydrogen ions to form H2O. An example of an alkali is Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). Neutralization Reaction:- [IMAGE]Acid + Alkali Salt + Water [IMAGE]Hydrochloric acid + Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Chloride + Water [IMAGE]HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) [IMAGE]H+ (aq) +
In this experiment three different equations were used and they are the Stoichiometry of Titration Reaction, Converting mL to L, and Calculating the Molarity of NaOH and HCl (Lab Guide pg. 142 and 143).
The objective of this lab is to determine the present of normal and abnormal constituents in the urine, also to examine the pH, specific gravity, and chemical constituents.
Also the investigation will be performed in a sensible manner and there is no dangerous behaviour. Prediction When the experiment is taking place I believe that the magnesium in the hydrochloric acid will begin to bubble and then disappear, I also