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Effects of temperature on rate of reaction
Effects of temperature on rate of reaction
Effects of temperature on rate of reaction
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Observations and Explanation:
When the hydrochloric acid was poured into marble chips, gas bubbles were seen – signifying the carbon dioxide (gas) that was being produced due to the chemical reaction.
As the reaction was taking place, the water in the measuring cylinder was being displaced – indicating that the calcium carbonate (in the form of marble chips) was displacing the hydrogen in the hydrochloric acid.
Discussion:
According to the results shown, 2 M hydrochloric acid that was more concentrated had a faster rate of reaction than less concentrated 0.5 M hydrochloric acid. As could be seen from Figure 1: processed data, 2 M hydrochloric acid’s average water displacement of 9.1 cm was much larger than 0.5 M hydrochloric acid’s water displacement of 0.3 cm. Therefore, the trend of the reaction rate increasing as the concentration increased was shown. The hypothesis was supported by the evidence obtained from this experiment.
In this experiment, the calcium carbonate was in the form of marble chips. The calcium carbonate reacted with hydrochloric acid when the acid was poured into marble chips. Due to calcium carbonate’s higher reactivity, it displaced hydrogen in the hydrochloric acid. As a result, products of calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water were formed. As the chemical reaction occurred, the water in the measuring cylinder was displaced and gas bubbles that were blowing out represented carbon dioxide.
The word and chemical equations for this reaction are:
Calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide
〖CaCO〗_3 (s)+2HCl (aq)→〖CaCl〗_2 (aq)+H_2 O (l)+〖CO〗_2 (g)
Compared to the 0.5 M hydrochloric acid that was less concentrated, the more concentrated 2 M hydrochloric acid c...
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...es. This can provide more accurate results with the average of these measurements calculated.
Furthermore, an additional method to use other hydrochloric acids that have different concentration levels such as 1 M and 2.5 M ones, can improve the outcome of the results. This increases the variation of the independent variable, which accordingly increases the precision of results.
Conclusion:
This report discusses the effect of the reactants’ concentration on the rate of the chemical reaction. Based on the results and evaluations, it is proven that the reaction rate increases as the concentration of hydrochloric acid increases. The collected data has shown that the 2 M hydrochloric acid has a faster reaction rate than the 0.5 M acid, due to its larger volume of water displacement. In conclusion, the results obtained from the experiment support the hypothesis stated.
That familiar fizzing you hear when you drop an Alka Seltzer tablet into a glass of water is the result of a chemical reaction, and chemical reactions are extremely prevalent when it comes to what living things do to carry out life processes. In addition, environmental conditions can alter the results of chemical reactions, and in this lab, we will be answering the
How the change of Hydrochloric Acid concentration affects the rate of reaction with Marble Chips
The purpose of the experiment is to study the rate of reaction through varying of concentrations of a catalyst or temperatures with a constant pH, and through the data obtained the rate law, constants, and activation energies can be experimentally determined. The rate law determines how the speed of a reaction occurs thus allowing the study of the overall mechanism formation in reactions. In the general form of the rate law it is A + B C or r=k[A]x[B]y. The rate of reaction can be affected by the concentration such as A and B in the previous equation, order of reactions, and the rate constant with each species in an overall chemical reaction. As a result, the rate law must be determined experimentally. In general, in a multi-step reac...
The Effect of Temperature of Hydrochloric Acid on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Magnesium
The amount of hydrochloric acid. 3. The concentration of the hydrochloric acid. 4. The surface area of the calcium carbonate.
The aim is to find out if changing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution has an effect on the time taken for the reaction. The reaction that will take place is: Hydrochloric acid + Calcium Carbonate + Calcium Chloride + Water + Carbon dioxide 2HCl (aq) + CaCo3 (s) CaCL2 (aq) + H2O + CO2 (g). Collision theory - Collisions between reactant particles are needed. for the reaction to take place in order to form a product.
The Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction Between Hydrochloric Acid and Calcium Carbonate
If there is not enough energy no reaction takes place. In a solution of 0.5M hydrochloric acid, there are less hydrochloric acid particles compared to that of 2M hydrochloric acid, therefore, there are less particles to react with magnesium particles thus meaning less chance of collisions between the two reactants: [IMAGE] Therefore, as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is increased, the chances of collisions increase thus giving a faster rate of reaction. Apparatus: Beaker Hydrochloric acid Distilled water Measuring cylinder Pipette Test tubes Test tube rack Diagram: [IMAGE] Method: Measure out 10cm3 of hydrochloric acid, as the concentration requires, for each concentration its composition is: Moles Volume HCl Volume Water 2M 10 cm³ 0 cm³ 1.5M 7.5 cm³ 2.5 cm³ 1M 5 cm³ 5 cm³ 0.5M 2.5 cm³ 7.5 cm³ 0M 0 cm³
= = = == I predict that as the concentration of the hydrochloric acid decreases the rate of reaction will decrease and therefore the time taken for 75ml of gas to be released will increase.
Calcium chloride is produced by reacting acid with limestone or as a by-product of the Solvay chemical process.
There are five factors which affect the rate of a reaction, according to the collision theory of reacting particles: temperature, concentration (of solution), pressure (in gases), surface area (of solid reactants), and catalysts. I have chosen to investigate the effect of concentration on the rate of reaction. This is because it is the most practical way to investigate. Dealing with temperatures is a difficult task, especially when we have to keep constant high temperatures. Secondly, the rate equation and the constant k changes when the temperature of the reaction changes.
For the reaction to occur, the particles of the reactants must collide in the right orientation and they must have the sufficient energy to exceed the activation energy required. When the hydrochloric acid is mixed with calcium carbonate, the acid particles keep colliding with the calcium carbonate particles and once they collide in the correct place and exceed the activation energy required, they can react successfully. With a higher concentration of acid, there are more acid particles to collide with the solid and increasing the chance of colliding in the right place. Therefore, more successful collisions per second, increasing the rate of reaction. The line of best fit of Figure 2 shows that the average time for the flask to
Investigating the Effects of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction between Magnesium and Hydrochloric Acid Introduction Chemical kinetics is the study and examination of chemical reactions regarding re-arrangement of atoms, reaction rates, effect of various variables, and more. Chemical reaction rates, are the rates of change in amounts or concentrations of either products or reactants. Concentration of solutions, surface area, catalysts, temperature and the nature of reactants are all factors that can influence the rate of reaction. Increasing the concentration of a solution allows the rate of reaction to increase because highly concentrated solutions have more molecules and as a result the molecules collide faster. Surface area also affects reaction rate because when the surface area of a reactant is increased, more particles are exposed to the other reactant.
Investigating How the Concentration of Hydrochloric Acid Affects the Rate of Reaction with Calcium Carbonate
An investigation into how changing one variable influences the rate of reaction between marble chips and dilute Hydrochloric acid