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Classical conditioning benefits
Animal communication conclusion
Animal communication conclusion
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Part 1 A. Understanding animal behavior is crucial aspect of becoming an Animal Care Worker, and to successfully work with animals you must be able to understand what they are communicating to you. Since animals are not capable of speaking to us and just telling us what is wrong or why they are performing a certain behaviour, we must be able to analyze and understand what they are saying in their language for reasons such as the safety of ourselves, the animal, and the people we work with, and applying behavioural modifications to counter undesirable behaviours. Many animals perform behaviours that can be difficult to interpret or that seem irrational, but with an understanding of animal behaviour we can apply our knowledge to help find the
The use of classical conditioning is common in many animal fields, it is a straight forward method of training that is often easy for most animals of varying intellect to pick up. One of my future goals is to work in a shelter or rescue environment, especially with dogs and it is likely classical conditioning would be a regular part of my day to day, considering many animals brought to shelters have various behavioural issues. The method of classical conditioning would assist in gaining the trust of a scared or aggressive dog, give a hyperactive and unruly puppy a focal point, or even help a feral cat associate good things with human interaction. It’s a simple method that would essentially allow the animals to associate positive feelings with the people interacting with them. Additionally, if these animals associate nice, positive feelings with those working with them, it will make having to interact with one another a much safer and more enjoyable event for both parties. They must be observed, examined, and sometimes medicated by medical and care staff regularly and that is not often a positive experience for an animal. With the use of classical conditioning, this can make not only the experience more positive for the animal, it can make the workers job easier and safer if the dog or cat knows something good is coming right after the thing they didn’t
The only time Skye was ever asked to sit was when she was going out for a walk, beyond that it was not a reinforced behaviour, so she didn’t understand why she was supposed to sit outside the context of getting ready for a walk. What happened with Skye is that she learned the word sit, but she hadn’t truly learned what it actually meant and instead just understood that if I do this, we go for a walk and therefor, performed the command only in anticipation of the single scenario reinforcing
Classical Conditioning was a phenomenon that a man named Ivan Pavlov explored in the twentieth-century. His work laid the foundation for many other psychologists such as John Watson. Pavlov’s idea came when he seized on an incidental observation. He noticed putting food in a dogs mouth caused salvation. However, the dog not only salivated to the food it began to also salivate to mere sight of the food, or the food dish. He began experimenting; first he slid the food presented the food by sliding the food bowl and blowing meat powder into the dogs mouth at the same exact moment. They paired it with a neutral stimuli event the dog could see but did not associate it with food (Myers, 2014, p.256). Food in the mouth automatically, unconditionally triggers the salivary reflex. Pavlov called drooling the unconditioned response and the food the unconditioned stimulus. Salvation in response to a tone is learned, it is conditioned upon the dogs associating the tone with the food it is called conditioned response (Myers, 2014, p.256). The stimulus that used to be neutral is the conditioned stimulus. I found it interesting and relating to everyday life because my dog often does the same. We keep his food in the garage so opening the garage door would be the conditioned stimulus. As soon as the garage door opens my dog begins to salivate which is the conditioned response. Whereas,
Since March 2013 I have been tending to the animals at Tam O’ Shanter Urban Farm at weekends, which demonstrates both my dedication to animal welfare and also my ability to work as a team. As the farm is a popular visitor attraction, communication skills are vital and I feel I have honed them significantly, which will be helpful when consulting with owners of patients in practice.
It involves the removal of attention that the animal may be seeking through the undesirable behavior. This technique is especially effective in dealing with dogs that jump up on people to gain attention. Ignoring the behavior and only rewarding the dog with attention when it is not jumping up are the keys to conditioning the animal away from the
This can be answered in Frans. B.W. de Waal’s essay, “The Pitfalls of not Knowing the Whole Animal,” where Waal emphasizes on why humans should connect with animals emotionally in order to truly understand the animal. He compares the ridiculous claims that some scientists made about an animal based on what they know about other animals in general, but they never once tried to connect with the animal. Scientists that had worked with animals for a while understands that “care of their subjects is a round-the-clock business,” and not something that can be done half-heartedly (247). Waal acknowledges that, “only those scientists who try to learn everything there is to know about a particular animal have any chance of unlocking its secrets” (252).
As the animals are being passed out, the patients begin smiling, laughing, and talking to the animals. They stroke their coats, play with them, and feed them snacks that they have saved for this occasion. While the patients are interacting with other students and staff, two of the students begin making notes on the activities that are taking place in the room. The patients, staff, and students are clearly enjoying themselves, but there are greater benefits to be found here. Research has been done in the area of human-animal companionship and security, and stress management.
In the 1980s, operant conditioning began to influence many animal training techniques, and the shift from dominance training to PRT began. The dominance method is still slowly being replaced by the positive reinforcement method as researchers continue to better understand animals and their behavior (Eberhart, n.d.). Where dominance training uses punishment for its effectiveness, PRT uses rewards and praise to achieve a desired behavior. A behavior is rewarded by giving the animal something it wants or likes in order to increase the likelihood that the desired behavior will continue to occur (Veeder, Bloomsmith, McMillan, Pearlman, & Martin, 2009). Positive reinforcement trainers most typically use “verbal cues, hand signals, treats, clickers,
In the field of therapy, there are numerous of therapy available out there for different type of individuals and situations as well. There is one type of therapy that usually contains people and animal, it is animal-assisted therapy is a therapeutic approach that brings animals and individuals with physical and/or emotional needs together to perform the therapy. Animal-assisted therapy tend to be focused on individuals either children or elderly for them to be able to connect with the animal thus feeling comfortable talking with the therapist. Pet therapy works for all ages, whether sick or not (Lanchnit, 2011). Although, this paper, most of the focus is on animal-assisted therapy towards children using dogs.
Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT), which can be provided in a group or individual settings, is designed to promote improvement in a human’s physical, social, emotional, or cognitive function. An article by Chitic, Rusu, and Szamoskozi (2012) provides an analysis in order to determine the value of AAT. Both dogs and horses that were trained for AAT were examined and studied to determine their effectiveness in treating patients with psychological disorders. The results showed that both therapy dogs and horses were valuable aids to the therapeutic process. The analysis suggests that proper training and repeated sessions were necessary for proper treatment of patients. In addition, certain disorders may benefit more than others in regards to AAT. For example, a child with ADHD may not benefit from a therapy dog’s presence, for it may worsen the hyperactive symptoms. On the other hand, a patient with depression may benefit greatly from the same animal (Chitic, Rusu, Szamoskozi, 2012). These findings are a perfect starting point to answering the research question: Do patients who engage in AAT display a betterment in their overall emotional well-being, as well as show improvement in their interpersonal interactions...
Classical conditioning refers to a type of learning in which a previously neutral stimuli took on the ability to stimulate a conditioned response in an individual (Gormezano & Moore, 1966). To prove that environment was more impactful than genetics, Watson conducted an experiment on an infant, little Albert. Initially, Albert showed little fear towards rats. When Watson repeatedly exposed Albert to the rat accompanied by a loud noise, the latter began to develop fear towards not just the rat but also other furry animals. Watson successfully showed that the acquisition of a phobia can be explained by classical conditioning (Watson & Watson, 1921). Regardless of their genes, the associations of the right stimuli can result in the development of a new behaviour in any individual.
Ivan Pavlov developed a theory called classical conditioning which proposes that learning process occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. Classical conditioning involves placing a neutral signal before a naturally occurring reflex like associating the food with the bell in Pavlov experiment. In classical conditioning, behavior is learnt by association where a stimulus that was originally neutral can become a trigger for substance use or cravings due to repeated associations between those stimuli and substance use (Pavlov, 1927).
The study of animal behavior is Ethology. A large part of the studies have been conducted by Lonrenz and Niko Tinbergen who wanted to find out how animals saw the world.
The strength of classical conditioning is that it can help to explain all aspects of human behavior. Any of behavior can broke down into stimulus-response association, so that according to the classical conditioning, conditioned stimulus will lead conditioned response to occur, then the scientist can observe and determine the behavior (McLeod, 2014). In the case of Pavlovian conditioning, he found that when the conditioned stimulus (bell) was paired with an unconditioned stimulus (food) was presented to the dog, it would start to salivate. After a number of repeated this procedures, Pavlov tried to ring his bell by its own...
For years studies and observations have been made on the relationship between body size and physical orientation of an animal. In 1847 Carl Bergmann was one of the first to do observations with this phenomenon (Dictionary of Theories 2002). Bergmann noticed that warm-blooded animals living at climates high in latitude are bigger in size than those living in climates of lower latitudes (Dictionary of Theories 2002). Research has shown there is a correlation of surface area to volume in animals that are located in different parts of the globe. Animals living in a cooler climate have a larger volume, but decreased surface area to retain as much body heat as possible. The inverse is true for animals living in warmer regions; these animals have a smaller volume and larger surface area to allow the body to cool efficiently (McNab 1971). Bergmann’s rule has brought valuable insight into the study of character traits and how we identify where animals originated. One example that I came across is with the Andean passerine bird, a study was done in 1991 by G. R. Graves. He noticed the size of ...
Learning through operant conditioning allows a conditioned behaviour to increase or decrease in the presence of reinforcement or punishment. However, this process can be affected by instinctive behaviours that would disrupt the conditioned behaviour. According to a study conducted by Breland and Breland (1961) they tried to condition a raccoon to pick up coins and drop them into a container. The raccoon however spent time rubbing the coins together and rubbing the coin on the inside of the container before finally dropping it in and receiving its food reinforcement. Even after conditioning, the raccoon’s need to rub the coins together became worse as he spent more and more time just rubbing the coins. This is known as instinctive drift where the raccoon’s instinctive behaviours limited its ability to perform the conditioned response. Therefore the raccoon failed to learn due to its innate tendencies that acted as a biological constraint and operant conditioning failed in teaching the raccoon through reinforcement.
“We have more to learn from animals than they have to learn from us.” By Anthony Douglas Williams, This quote means that even though it seems like we teach animals a lot of different things They still have a lot of things to show, and we have so much we can still learn like how to care for one another like Animals do they can show unconditional love and they can care for you just like another family member could but there is something different about an animal like a dog caring for you. An animal won't leave your side and the more they hang out with you the less they will want you to leave they can protect you to. From things that no other human being can they can sense when you are going to have a stroke or even