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Literature and different cultures
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Thomas King uses an oral story-telling style of writing mingled with western narrative in his article “You’re Not the Indian I Had in Mind” to explain that Indians are not on the brink of extinction. Through this article in the Racism, Colonialism, and Indigeneity in Canada textbook, King also brings some focus to the topic of what it means to be “Indian” through the eyes of an actual Aboriginal versus how Aboriginals are viewed by other races of people. With his unique style of writing, King is able to bring the reader into the situations he describes because he writes about it like a story he is telling. King first writes about Edward Sheriff Curtis and his search for “the literary Indian, the dying Indian, the imaginative construct” (37). King then juxtaposes this with his own goals to photograph Native peoples from all different areas of the world. Curtis would change aspects how Natives were dressed, even going so far as to dress them in clothing from other tribes in order to photograph exactly what he wanted the Natives to be seen as. King then jumps to a story of how he first realized …show more content…
racism in his hometown. He explains racism as “a funny thing, dead quiet on occasion, often dangerous” (38). The author admits that he had certain prejudices against Mexican people and that he knew there were people with similar prejudices against him. King stays on the topic of racism but now writes about when he asked a girl, Karen Butler, to prom. He figures that because she has health problems she will overlook the fact that his family was less well off than hers. King states that she accepted his invitation, yet a week before prom she called and cancelled, saying her dad didn’t want her dating Mexicans. With the fact that Karen’s father couldn’t differentiate between Mexicans and Natives, King now continues the article with a story about him and his brother visiting a Will Rogers museum. Rogers was very famous during the 1930’s and his family was prominent in the Cherokee Nation, but he didn’t look Native, not in the stereotypical way. Next, King brings Richard Throssel into the article. Throssel was an Aboriginal man who photographed Aboriginals in a more contemporary way than Curtis had. King also explains that in the 1970’s, in order to be recognized as an Indian, you would have had to dress in the stereotypical way, “and… being recognized as an Indian was critical” (39). From that realization, King took part in becoming a ‘cultural ritualist’. In order to be acknowledged as the diverse people they are, Natives took to dressing in a way to substantiate the cultural lie that so many others believe in. When King took on work on a ship that was going to New Zealand, the captain and crew he worked with was entirely German, except for him.
King explains that when he told them his race they were interested, yet weary. After spending a year in New Zealand, King wished to apply for an immigration visa. When speaking on the phone to a British man, King had answered a few questions but once he revealed he was Indian the British man assumed he meant East Indian and told him he could not apply for the visa. King then continues his story of his experience in Australia, there was a very little Aboriginal community there so a coworker of his enjoyed telling racist jokes straight to King himself. The people King has met throughout his lifetime, the ones who say or do racist things, even if they do it unknowingly, they are the ones who have never met or even seen Native people
before. Through his many different stories and his interesting writing in this article, King is able to bring light to many different topics in one short article. He talks about racism, about stereotypes, about being judged on how Native he is depending on full blood, status, ceremonies, etc… King is a man who wants people to recognize his race, whether he’s dressed in headdress or not. He wishes to be recognized and respected for who he is, instead of ridiculed or berated. King also explains that lower class Aboriginal people are treated far worse than middle-class Aboriginal people, and uses the police driving people out of Saskatoon as an example of this. King is a very well educated man with lots of life experience as well. By writing the article as if it were a story, and by changing to different topics and stories within the article King is successfully able to convey the message of wanting to be recognized and respected for who he is without needing to change how he looks in order to receive the acknowledgement he desires. Even though he suddenly switches stories, or seems to leave certain aspects unfinished, he comes back to those parts later in the article. This keeps the reader interested in what he has to say. Also, King’s writing is very clear and coherent; the article is easy to read so this piece would be great for helping to educate younger people as well. This article is important in assisting proper representation of Aboriginal peoples. With his clearly defined knowledge, King is a great advocate for Aboriginal issues.
Her book focuses on the myriads of issues and struggles that Indigenous men and women have faced and will continue to face because of colonialism. During her speech, Palmater addressed the grave effects of the cultural assimilation that permeated in Indigenous communities, particularly the Indian Residential School System and the Indian Act, which has been extensively discussed in both lectures and readings. Such policies were created by European settlers to institutionalize colonialism and maintain the social and cultural hierarchy that established Aboriginals as the inferior group. Palmater also discussed that according to news reports, an Aboriginal baby from Manitoba is taken away every single day by the government and is put in social care (CTVNews.ca Staff, 2015). This echoes Andrea Smith’s argument in “Heteropatriarchy and the Three Pillars of White Supremacy: Rethinking Women of Color Organizing” that colonialism continues to affect Aboriginals through genocide (2006, p. 68). Although such actions by the government are not physical acts of genocide, where 90% of Aboriginal population was annihilated, it is this modern day cultural assimilation that succeeded the Indigenous Residential School System and the Indian Act embodies colonialism and genocide (Larkin, November 4,
In The White Man’s Indian, Robert Berkhoffer analyzes how Native Americans have maintained a negative stereotype because of Whites. As a matter of fact, this book examines the evolution of Native Americans throughout American history by explaining the origin of the Indian stereotype, the change from religious justification to scientific racism to a modern anthropological viewpoint of Native Americans, the White portrayal of Native Americans through art, and the policies enacted to keep Native Americans as Whites perceive them to be. In the hope that Native Americans will be able to overcome how Whites have portrayed them, Berkhoffer is presenting
In Philip J. Deloria’s Athletic chapter from his book “Indians in unexpected places” he talks about his grandfather’s connection to sports. He goes into further detail about how his grandfather’s place in sports is similar to other Native Americans. Native Americans used sports as a way to find their place in a new society. Sports was also used to strengthen the community. “Many Indian communities responded by drawing webs of kingship and unity ever tighter, trying to keep sport stars humble” (113). Athletics was now being used to bring all of the community, especially in times when it seemed divided. Sports also disproved the “Vanishing Indian” idea because society saw Native Americans playing in these sports and saw that they still existed.
Paige Raibmon’s book “Authentic Indians” take a closer look at the concept of authenticity in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Focusing on the culturally diverse Aboriginal people of the Northwest Coast, Raibmon examines how both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people constructed and used the idea of the authentic Indian to achieve their goals. Drawing examples from three ‘episodes’ or stories about Aboriginal people of the Northwest Coast, Raibmon argues that authenticity is not a set marker that we can use to measure the distance between what an Aboriginal culture looks like today and what “real” Aboriginal culture looks like. Instead, Raibmon says that authenticity is an important and changing set of ideas that were used in different ways to achieve different results including solidifying the many perceived dichotomies between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples. She also discusses how the concept of authenticity was not only important to Aboriginal and non Aboriginal relationships in the late nineteenth century but also to these same relationships in the present.
The depiction of Native Americans to the current day youth in the United States is a colorful fantasy used to cover up an unwarranted past. Native people are dressed from head to toe in feathers and paint while dancing around fires. They attempt to make good relations with European settlers but were then taken advantage of their “hippie” ways. However, this dramatized view is particularly portrayed through media and mainstream culture. It is also the one perspective every person remembers because they grew up being taught these views. Yet, Colin Calloway the author of First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History, wishes to bring forth contradicting ideas. He doesn’t wish to disprove history; he only wishes to rewrite it.
In Thomas King’s novel, The Inconvenient Indian, the story of North America’s history is discussed from his original viewpoint and perspective. In his first chapter, “Forgetting Columbus,” he voices his opinion about how he feel towards the way white people have told America’s history and portraying it as an adventurous tale of triumph, strength and freedom. King hunts down the evidence needed to reveal more facts on the controversial relationship between the whites and natives and how it has affected the culture of Americans. Mainly untangling the confusion between the idea of Native Americans being savages and whites constantly reigning in glory. He exposes the truth about how Native Americans were treated and how their actual stories were
Canada likes to paint an image of peace, justice and equality for all, when, in reality, the treatment of Aboriginal peoples in our country has been anything but. Laden with incomprehensible assimilation and destruction, the history of Canada is a shameful story of dismantlement of Indian rights, of blatant lies and mistrust, and of complete lack of interest in the well-being of First Nations peoples. Though some breakthroughs were made over the years, the overall arching story fits into Cardinal’s description exactly. “Clearly something must be done,” states Murray Sinclair (p. 184, 1994). And that ‘something’ he refers to is drastic change. It is evident, therefore, that Harold Cardinal’s statement is an accurate summarization of the Indigenous/non-Indigenous relationship in
These stories have a continued overlapping influence in American Fiction and have remained a part of the American imagination; causing Americans to not trust Native Americans and treat them as they were not human just like African Americans. In conclusion to all these articles, Mary Rowlandson and John Smith set the perception for Native Americans due to their Captivity Narratives.
It has become increasingly normal within mainstream culture to stereotype people based on their cultural heritage, however these stereotypes are often proved untrue. Thomas King diverges from traditional Aboriginal stereotypes in his novel Medicine River by depicting daily Native life as relatively similar to North American culture. By subtly mentioning Native stereotypes as almost a joke, King conveys how absurd it is to assume that all Aboriginal peoples are bound to their heritage in the 21st century. Through this, King illustrates that Native heritage does not dictate the careers, clothing and hobbies that North American’s have falsely attributed to Aboriginal culture. He demonstrates how important native culture is to characters within
The Indian act, since being passed by Parliament in 1876, has been quite the validity test for Aboriginal affairs occurring in Canada. Only a minority of documents in Canadian history have bred as much dismay, anger and debate compared to the Indian Act—but the legislation continues as a central element in the management of Aboriginal affairs in Canada. Aboriginal hatred against current and historic terms of the Indian Act is powerful, but Indigenous governments and politicians stand on different sides of the fence pertaining to value and/or purpose of the legislation. This is not shocking, considering the political cultures and structures of Aboriginal communities have been distorted and created by the imposition of the Indian Act.
In “The Truth about Stories”, Thomas King, demonstrate connection between the Native storytelling and the authentic world. He examines various themes in the stories such as; oppression, racism, identity and discrimination. He uses the creational stories and implies in to the world today and points out the racism and identity issues the Native people went through and are going through. The surroundings shape individuals’ life and a story plays vital roles. How one tells a story has huge impact on the listeners and readers. King uses sarcastic tone as he tells the current stories of Native people and his experiences. He points out to the events and incidents such as the government apologizing for the colonialism, however, words remains as they are and are not exchanged for actions. King continuously alerts the reader about taking actions towards change as people tend to be ignorant of what is going around them. At the end people give a simple reason that they were not aware of it. Thus, the author constantly reminds the readers that now they are aware of the issue so they do not have any reason to be ignorant.
What do the works, “As Canadian as Possible under the Circumstances” and “I’m not the Indian you had in mind” have in common? The dissection of these writing pieces revealed that they do in fact have multiple similarities. Those ideas are the use of identity, stereotypes as well as double meanings.
Tompkins describes her younger self being taught stories about the Native Americans that allowed her to have “someone to feel superior to”, while “[n]ever [minding] where they were or what they were doing now” (Tompkins 2). The Native Americans are portrayed as romanticized versions of themselves and completely removed from any sense of reality, set, simply, as being a fancy for children who imagine themselves leading those exciting lives. Tompkins does not shrink from admitting that she was one of those children and asserts that her story “stands for the relationship most non-Indians have to the people who first populated this continent” (2). Similarly, as Tompkins moved into adulthood, she continued to be too preoccupied with her own life and problems as an academic to seriously consider and learn about the modern issues Native Americans face (2). After Tompkins recounts her academic journey through historical texts, which she calls the purpose of her essay, and analyzes the epistemological consequences of this narrative, the conclusion of her essay returns, partially, to the pragmatic and moral importance of modern Native American issues. Despite being fully aware of these issues by this point in her
Many Aboriginal children across Canada are distressed as most of them have difficulty finding their inner quality and enhancements in life. This is visible in the life of Saul Indian Horse, the main protagonist in Richard Wagamese’s “Indian Horse”. Saul has many struggles in his life that he had to overcome, He could have come down a negative path, but instead learns from them. Saul’s personal growth is a result of overcoming racism, surviving residential school and his passion for hockey.
A reader of Sherman Alexie’s novel Reservation Blues enters the text with similar assumptions of Native American life, unless of course, he or she is of that particular community. If he or she is not, however, there is the likelihood that the ‘typical’ reader has images of Native Americans based upon long-held social stereotypes of the Lone Ranger’s Tonto and Kevin Costner’s “Dances With Wolves,” possibly chastened with some positive, homey images of the First Thanksgiving as well. However, Alexie’s prose forces one to apprehend Native American life anew, and to see Native Americans as fully-fledged individual characters, with wants and needs and desires, not as those who are simply stoic and ‘other.’