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Financial statement analysis research paper
Accounting 101 key terms
Financial statement analysis
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Accounting is the language of business. Accounting records and processes financial information into an accessible format that can be understood by anybody in the business world. It is defined in business that accounting is “the recording, measurement, and interpretation of financial information.” (Ferrell, Hirt, Ferrell, 2016, p. 286). Companies uses accounting tools to evaluate organizational operations. Accountants summarize the information from a firm’s business transactions in various financial statements for a variety of stockholders. There is a lot of business failures that happen because of information that is “hidden” in the financial statements. Cash flow is the greatest concern of management. For businesses to succeed, they need …show more content…
Micron’s shares are around 97% held by institutional investors. In Micron 10-K, it states that Micron’s net sales increased from 2013-2014 (10-K, p.43). Micron did an acquisition at the end of their 2013 fiscal year. By doing this acquisition, there were able to increase their net sales. It is important to know how to read a financial statement. It is good to know where the denomination is expressed in. This financial statement is expressed in millions.It is good to know which way the years are running. The most recent fiscal year is going to be on the left side because people care more about the recent years. According to the Micron 10-K, the statement of cash flows showed positive net cash from operating activities for 2015 (10-K, p.47). This is important for the investors. In order for Micron to have 5.2 billion in cash flow, they had to spend 4 billion in equipment. They generated over 1 billion in cash flow which is beneficial to the investors. There is a new rule that was issued in 2014 and it’s on how to better recognize revenue. In the Micron 10-K, it states that Micron is“required to adopt this ASU beginning in our first quarter of 2019”( 10-K, p. 51). In page 51, it shows the rules in accounting that Micron hasn’t adopted yet. According to Mark Heil, this new rule is not going to effect Micron that much but is going “to change how software companies recognize revenue”. Revenue is the largest number of companies’ income statement. This rule is getting a lot of attention and can impact a lot of
As a paving company Jim Turin & Sons, Inc. purchases asphalt from its supplier. Jim has worked it out with the manufacturing company to deliver the material hours before the job since the properties of the asphalt may render it useless if delivered too soon. “Once a job is completed, [Jim Turin & Sons, Inc.] is generally paid within 10 to 30 days of billing” (Justia, 2000).
To collect relevant data, the annual percentage change in net income per common share diluted, net income/net revenues, the major income statement accounts to net revenues, return on stockholders’ equity, the price/earnings (P/E) ratio, and the book values per share for each year numbers were examined. In order for Sun Microsystems to see a greater return in its bottom line assets, it must consider an alternative approach in operating its organization.
Management accounting in organisation is very important for decision-making and to make the business more efficient and therefore increasing its profits. Is the process of preparing accounts that can help managers to make day-to-day and short-term decisions, by providing them with accurate and timely key financial and statistical information...
Accounting is basically a service activity. Its purpose is to provide quantitative information that principally used by the managers, investors, tax authorities, and other decision makers to make the financial decisions within companies, organizations, and public agencies. Accounting is also widely known as the “language of business.” An accountant measures, communicates, and interprets financial activities. They prepare financial statements or reports for individuals, businesses, government agencies, or other non-profit organizations. They use the accounting systems to categorize the expenses and income to the typical groups. They also keep tract of the money received or paid out to see if the transactions are accurate and complete. Accountants are familiar with the computer operation. They use the computer...
ABC LTD COMPREHENSIVE INCOME STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2012 NOTE 2012 Revenue 2 828,500 Cost of sales 3 (460,000) Gross profit 368,500 Other income 4 2,500 Operating expenses 5 361000 Profit before income tax 10000 Income tax expense (30%) 3,000 Profit for the year 7000 Other comprehensive income change in revaulation surplus 38500 Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax 38500 Total comprehensive income for the year 45500 ABC LTD STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION FOR THE YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2012 NOTES 2012 ASSETS Current assets Cash and cash equivalents 6 100500 Trade and other receivables 7 45,200 Inventories 8 87700 Other current assets 9 7000
Management will need to exercise significant judgement including those related to performance obligations and allocation of revenue to each obligation. In regards to the new disclosure requirements, entities will have to gather and track information they may not have previously monitored. Because the proposed guidance may change the amount and timing of revenue recognition for entities that maintain their books and records under GAAP or IFRS, they may have cash tax implications. (Deloitte,
Historical cost is all of the transactions or value of the item/asset are recorded in their original cost/value incurred in the past/time and the cost/value incurred when the transaction took place. By using the historical cost accounting concept, the firm calculates a more accurate and reliable value of the particular item/asset (Accounting-Simplified.com, 2017)
The overall purpose of cost accounting is to advise top administration and the management team on the most suitable and cost effective methods and actions to employ based on cost, capability and efficiencies of a given product or service. It can be defined as the method where all the expenditures used during execution of business activities are gathered, categorized, examined and noted down (Horngren & Srikant, 2000). Once these numbers are gathered and recorded the information is used to determine a selling price and/or to identify possible investment opportunities. Although the principal aim or function of cost accounting is to help the business administration with their decision making and business planning process, the cost accounting data
Accounting is the pillar of every company to measure its growth, loss, revenue , capital, its really specify the real terms in foam of figures and sometimes in tables, in accounting there are certain rules are obtained to make more accuracy while playing with figures.
A largely accepted language is required for a business or organization to effectively communicate its results and position to stakeholders, which is why accounting has come to be known as the "language of business". Accounting is really the means for providing financial information to others. Financial analyst then take the data the accountants have compiled in the form of reports, and make educated guesses at what their company should do next. David ballast (1996) stated, "The fact remains that accounting and finance are the primary tools for reducing business problems and opportunities to a common denominator, setting goals, measuring results, and making decisions." (p. 1)
Different types of theoretical perspectives have been used over the years to justify why business organizations involved in CSR activities and voluntarily disclose of CSR information (Patten 1991; Arman& Siti-Nabiha 2009; Bayound et sl.2012). These CSR theoretical perspectives can be categorized into positive accounting theory and normative accounting theory. Normative accounting is a theory to prescribe how an accounting particular practices should be undertaken (Deegan and Unerman 2011). Kristian (2013) argued that normative theories lacking empirical background because they are not based on observations. In contrast, positive accounting theory is based on logical deduction (empirical observations).Therefore, it concentrates on the relationships between individuals who provide resources to a company (stakeholders) and how accounting is used to these relationships (Deegan and Unerman, 2011).
1. Identify a company which had valued its employees and shown in the balance sheet and analyse that in terms of the following:
The revenue/cost period-: Revenue and the cost period in accounting that the company get income from normal business activities. It’s referred to normal business income that the company got by selling their product and service.
Accounting aids the government and organisations in decision making for their financial stability. This numerical data helps solve real life problems and contributes to how the economy and businesses perform.
Accounting is a very important term to our modern society. It is the career for men and women who at the start have their eyes set on top positions in industry, management, government, and general business. Accounting is a basic need of every businessman, from the operator of a filling station to the government of the United States. It's so important to our society. None of the business organization can operate without is. They are there-somewhere-in every business. In small business, people use pen, ink and skill keep the records. In large business, modern accounting machines are used to operate. Men and women are directing these machines in the accounting process. Wise businessmen enter business must have some accounting knowledge.