1. Introduction
This squib is a comparative study on the DP hypothesis and proper names parameter in Italian and Hijazi dialect of Arabic. The Hijazi dialect of Arabic is the speech of around 6,000,000 people spoken in the West Coast of Saudi Arabia mainly in the large cities of Jeddah, Mecca, Medina, Yanbu, and some inhabitants of Al-Taif (Ethnolougue, 2013). Following Longobardi’s (1994) principles for the DP structure in Romance languages, particularly for Italian in terms of N-to-D raising, this paper propose that proper names behave differently in both languages. The claim made in the paper is that proper names in Hijazi Arabic do not trigger N-to-D movement as shown in the analysis. In contrast, I propose that the prefixed [al] definite head noun displays N-to-D movement when there is no overt D preceding the noun phrase based on data taken from Longobardi (1991) and his parametric analysis of proper names in Italian. Examples on Standard Arabic from Fehri (2004) support our claim to some extent. Shlonsky (2004) rejects the notion of head-raising and suggests remnant movement to account for word order in Hebrew and Arabic1.
The domains covered for comparisons are organized as follows. Section 2 focuses on the related literature and theoretical framework that build up the analysis. In section 3, I present data from Hijazi to account for the similarities or differences based on the theories presented in the previous section. Next, in section 4, I give suggestions to improve the analysis for future relevant studies. Finally, section 5 serves as a conclusion of the squib.
1 Due to the complexity of Shlonsky’s analysis and the restricted page number of the current paper, no comparison is made based on Shlonsky’s paper...
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...lity of [13-15] and acceptability of [14-16], clearly proper names in these two languages behave differently. While in Italian, such ill-formed structure triggers N-to-D movement. I argue that proper names in Hijazi Arabic do not move to the head of D.
In addition, similar structures of proper names are vocatives, which might account for the excluding of the article [al] with other proper names like Ahmad, or for having the article with a proper name like the one in sentence [14].
The vocative particle in Hijazi Arabic is /ja/. Again, if we use to this particle with a proper name like al-Anoud, an assimilation process occurs between /ja/ and /al/ as seen in [17a].
[17] a. jal Anoud
‘O Anoud’
b. ja Ahmad
‘O Ahmad’
This further suggests that proper names in Hijazi Arabic do not trigger N-to-D movement.
Many scholars, such as Russell Tomlin and Jae Jung Song, discussed the diverse word orders of languages. Yet the fact that many languages have distinct word orders could be explained through discovering
Ibn Munqidh, Usama. "From Memoirs." McNeill, William and Marilyn Robinson Waldman. The Islamic World. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1973. 184-206.
The Life of Language: Papers in Linguistics in Honor of William Bright. Berlin [etc.]. Mouton De Gruyter, 1998. Print. The.
This project examines the plural making rules acquisition of a 5-year old child. The child participated in this project is an Emirati. He is bilingual; he speaks both Arabic and English. In this project, the initials H.K will refer to the child.
Unlike English, the Japanese language uses a phonetic system, so in tanka and waka, where there are syllabic constraints, space must be used as wisely as possi...
In the two articles, Rizzi’s The Fine Structure of the Left Periphery and his Locality and the Left Periphery, there does not seem to be any incompatibility but instead a steady focus on fist elucidating the structure of the left and using the left to refine the Relativized Minimality principle. The major issue is that issues presented in the first are not necessarily addressed in the second, like details about the null constant. The second paper can be viewed as an additional paper that relies, to some degree, on the information presented in the first, like the overall structure and some of the adverbial analyses. To that extent, it builds off of 1997.
This article hasn’t provided an introduction; however a lengthy summary of the study which identifies the problem, purpose and rationale for the research study has been provided in the background. The introduction should give the reader a general sense of what the document is about, and preferably persuade the reader to continue reading. This prepares the reader for reading the rest of the document (Burns & Grove, 2001 p.636; Nieswiadomy, 2008 p.380; Stockhausen and Conrick, 2002).
Stagni (1987) Slips of the tongue in Arabic. In M. Eid (Ed.), Perspectives on Arabic linguistics: Papers from the annual symposium on Arabic linguistics, volume I, Salt Lake City, Utah. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
In respect to the distinction of voice, Turner uses the example of a Gullah speaker saying, “they beat him” instead of the English syntactic phrase, “he was beaten” (Turner, 209). Thus, distinctive voice is eliminated by the use of the objective case as opposed to passive verbs in English. This syntactical framework can be found in the African languages of Ewe, Yoruba, Twi, Fante, and Ga (Turner, 209). Similarly to the languages of Ewe and Yoruba, the verb /de/ is the Gullah language is used as a prepositional verb. Also, in the Gullah language verbs are often used in pairs or phrases, which is reflective of the languages of the Ewe and Twi people (Turner,
Niemi, Jussi and Matti Laine. 1997. Slips of the tongue as linguistic evidence: Finnish word initial segments and vowel harmony. Folia (Linguistica 31. 161=175.
[4]"The Nature of the Basque Language." San José State University. n.p, Web. 16 Jan. 2014.
Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman, and Nina Hyams. An Introduction to Language. 8th ed. Boston: Thomson, 2007.
Curzan, Anne and Adams, Michael. How English Works: A Linguistic Introduction. New York: Pearson Longman, 2006
Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., & Hyams, N. (2003). An introduction to language (7th ed.). Boston: Heinle.
There are three reasons for selecting Hasawi for this study. First, there is little previous work related to Hasawi even though it is considered an enormous dialect because it is expanded to other Gulf countries, such as Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates. Thus, HD is also spoken as a minor dialect in the previous mentioned countries so that Hasawi is sometimes called Gulf Arabic 'Khaliji'. Secondly, the emergence of a new dialect a few years ago which is Modern Hasawi, a blend of old Hasawi and Najdi, threatens the existence of the original Hasawi in Saudi Arabia in spite of the massive expansion of the dialect to the neighboring countries. Finally, the dialect of Al-Ahsa is seen as a humorous matter among other Saudi dialects because it is hard to understand (Bassiouney, 2010). Probably the cause of such difficulty refers to the sociolinguistic impact of non-Arabian languages, such as Farsi 'Persian' and Turkish. However, it would be proven at the end of this paper that this unattractive dialect has unique acoustic features.