WHAT IS AIDS? AIDS stand for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ACQUIRED, how? The blood, vaginal fluid, semen, and breast milk of people with the AIDS virus contains enough of the virus to transmit it to another person. Most people who have acquired the AIDS virus have done so by having sex with an infected person, sharing a needle with one, or being born to a mother who is infected. IMMUNE DEFICIENCY? Catching the AIDS virus can be lethal because it affects the immune system, which is
Biography Dorothy Hodgkin, also known as Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin and born as Dorothy Mary Hodgkin was a British Biochemist. She was born on May 12, 1910, and died July 29, 1994. (84 years old) Dorothy was born on May 12, 1910, in Cairo, Egypt to her father, John Winter Crowfoot and her mother Grace Mary Crowfoot. Her parents were both archaeologists which were safe to assume inspired her to what she became. Of the four children that Dorothy’s parents had, Dorothy was the oldest of the bunch. While
associated analytical facility of Energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) analysis was used to identify and quantify the elemental composition of the prepare samples. These different techniques are essentially part of one instrument. The EDX facility (an X-Ray detector and associated software) is incorporated intimately as part of the SEM itself. The EDX facility cannot function without the operation of the SEM, since the generation of the analytical X-Ray signal is dependent on the interaction between the
X-ray Diffraction X rays can be defined as “electromagnetic waves of short wavelength, capable of penetrating some thickness of matter.” Approximately the same size as an atom, the wavelength of an X-ray is about 1 Å (10-10m). They occur in the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum between gamma rays and ultra violet light and have proved very useful in determining crystal structures since their discovery on November 8th, 1895. German scientist Wilhelm Roentgen was conducting experiments
describe the “pros” and “cons” of each type. The three types are: Digital Radiology, Computed Radiology, and Analog Radiology. Digital radiology, or DR, refers to a computer-based form of X-ray technology that uses digital imaging instead of traditional X-ray film to create medical images. It requires the use of new x-ray machines built with a digital detector. (Degree Dictionary) This allows an image to be taken, much like with a digital camera and projected on a computer screen. There are two types of
techniques such as X-rays, radionuclides and radiotherapy (International Atomic Energy Agency, 2004). In the context of X-rays, the use of radiation is most recognised in four individually focused treatments, the first of these being the Chest X-ray. This particular diagnostic examination is used to confirm patients as fit for surgery or else distinguish diseases of the lung such as emphysema, pneumonia and lung cancer (The American Association of Physics Teachers, 2007). The X-ray picture is able to
We all know the saying, “Don’t judge a book by it’s cover.” Similarly, every element in the periodic table has its’ own story and its’ own unique meaning. However, the average high schooler simply associates these elements as something used in their chemistry classes. In fact, the elements seen on the periodic table actually have much more to do in our daily lives and in history than most people know. While giving a whole new perspective to the meaning of Chemistry, author Sam Kean successfully recounts
going to be on the similarities and differences of the physics imaging methods and also a small awareness of biological effects and radiation protection. As a starting point in CT diagnostic imaging the form of radiation used to provide an image are x-rays photons , this can also be called an external radiation dose which detect a pathological condition of an organ or tissue and therefore it is more organ specific. However the physics process can be described as the radiation passes through the body
and many more small affects. The US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has issued cautionary advisories on EMFs. Everyone is exposed to EMFs; they come in forms such as from power lines, basements, cell phones, or even x-rays and other medical equipment. Basically where people least expect to get radiation sickness occurs with the smallest things we think are harmless, which turn out to be very deadly. Many people are exposed to the potential dangers of EMFs and many have
For many years, cell phone companies and researchers have debated about the effect of cell phones on the health of the user and have been assessing the dangers associated with the use of cell phones, including the potential to cause types of cancer. The cause for this concern, according to the National Cancer Institute, is that cell phones emit radiofrequency energy (radio waves), a form of electromagnetic radiation, and tissues nearest to where the phone is being held can absorb this form of radiation
especially in young ones. Discoveries and invention of devices are always welcome till we, humans, find a way to abuse its benefits and be adversely affected by it. This was the case when Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-ray and within five years, the British Army was using a mobile x-ray unit to locate bullets and shrapnel in wounded soldiers in the Sudan. television was also invented with positive thoughts in mind – there would be no national borders, education and communication would be worldwide
Describe the design on the machine and how their component parts work to produce an image. First used in medicine in the 1950s, Ultrasound is today used across a variety of fields. Using high frequency sound pulse with no radiation risk, Ultrasound is considered a safer application of imaging. Modern ultrasound equipment is based on some of the same principles used in first devices.(Chan, and Perlas, 2011) Based on the pulse-echo principle, ultrasound pulses are created by transducers, directed
Gamma rays can be used for many different applications, they could be of very little importance, or they could be life saving. One very important use for gamma rays is for cancer radiation therapy. Radiation therapy is a high radiation transmitted to the body to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells. The main type of radiation is using gamma rays. There are two other types; x-rays and charged particles. A machine outside of the body delivers the radiation. However in some cases it can be delivered
Pros and cons of gamma ray imaging Gamma imaging can obtain reliable porosity and saturation information in quite wide range of model size from couple centimeters to several meters. However designing a well calibrated system is a challenge and may take several days to achieve. Another concern is the acquisition time that can take up to one minute for capturing a single location with the plane size of 1 cm2. Therefore in bench scale scanning time will exceed hours and therefore studying steady state
Alpha particles, beta particles, x-ray particles and gamma rays are forms of ionizing radiation. However, radiation that is not capable of producing ions in matter is known as nonionizing radiation. Radiation is energy that moves through space or matter at a very high speed. Energy can be in the form of particles, such as alpha or beta particles, which are emitted from radioactive materials, or waves such as light, heat, radio waves, microwaves, x-rays and gamma rays. Subatomic means of, relating to
A computerized Axial tomography scan is medical equipment used to image different regions of a human body as well as other animals with internal health problems. A CAT scan uses the idea of conventional X- ray imaging to a higher standard. Instead of just taking pictures of the different body part of interest, the CAT scan takes multiple pictures of the body at many different angles and creates a three dimensional structure of the body. This three dimensional structures show’s a complete body components
Radiation Have you ever been to the doctor and got an X-Ray? If so, you have just been exposed to radiation. Radiation is the emission of energy from any source. Two examples of radiation are light that comes from the sun and the heat that is constantly coming off the human body. Electromagnetic spectrum is the range of wavelengths or frequencies in which electromagnetic radiation extends. The wavelengths range from low energy (low-frequency) to high energy (high-frequency). Radiofrequency radiation
The first modality that I researched is CT. According to the ASRT, “a CT technologist is a healthcare professional that performs scans of different body regions while administering radiation to the patient for diagnosis, therapeutic, or research purposes” (ASRT). The physician has to order CT images and a radiologist must interpret them (ASRT). Before becoming a CT technologist I first have to become a radiologic technologist with the credentials of R.T.(R). As of 2015, the ARRT required that in
Discovery of X-Rays X-rays were discovered by accident in 1895 by the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. Roentgen was already an accomplished scientist with forty-eight published papers. He had a reputation among the scientific community as a dedicated scientist with precise experimental methods. Roentgen had been conducting experiments at the University of Wurzburg on the effect of cathode-rays on the luminescence of certain chemicals. Roentgen had placed a cathode-ray tube, which is
CTscans stands for “Computed Tomography”. It is a way of looking inside your body using a special camera. It is an advanced scanning x-ray and computer system that makes detailed pictures of horizontal cross-sections of the body, or the part of the body that is x-rayed. A CT scan is a diagnostic test that combines the use of x-ray with computer technology. A series of x-beams from many different angles are used to get these cross-sectional images of the patient’s body. In a computer, these pictures