play a role in protecting, connecting and transporting substances throughout the muscle fibers. They are also the main contributors to movement. For muscles to contract then there must be a presence of calcium within the fibers as it connects with troponin protein and orders tropomyosin to clear the binding sites to allow myosin to attach to these sites, which allows the muscle to contract and produces movement. Without all of these elements working in sync then the function of skeletal muscle would
The number of heart patients is increasing day by day. The need of new therapies is getting higher since the heart muscle has no ability to regenerate, especially after getting damaged. Heart-transplant has been one of the solutions for heart failure. However, the amount of heart donor is small compared to the demand and there are other complications that need to be concerned as well (Leor et al. 2005). Therefore, scientists have worked hard to find alternative therapies, namely cell transplantation
elevated troponin in the presence of kidney disease. Everyday in emergency departments across the county troponins are routinely being utilized as part of the workup for patients with chest pain. The reason for this is that troponins indicate damage to myocardium and elevated levels suggest myocardial cell injury. Elevated troponins in a patient presenting with acute coronary syndrome may be an indication for early interventional therapies, however it has long been noted that troponins may be elevated
prediction model can be a way of more efficient prevention. There are several biomarkers declared as the preferred markers for diagnosing cardiac diseases by the American College of Cardiology and the European Society of Cardiology44. High sensitivity Troponin T (Hs-TnT), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high sensitivity
following is used to distinguish the diagnosis of MI (Myocardial Infarction) from that of Unstable angina? a) Serum levels of Cardiac Biomarkers (Troponin, CK-MB) b) Electrocardiograph (ECG) test c) The presence of S4 Heart sound d) Pain lasts for less than 5 minutes in an MI Rationale The correct answer is A because serum levels of cardiac biomarkers such as troponin and CK-MB are used for the final diagnosis of Myocardial infarction (STEMI, NSTEMI). Electrocardiograph (ECG) testing is used to distinguish
This reflective case study will provide a detailed information of Cardiovascular disease and its significant effect concerning the human body. It aims to determine an effective nursing management and preventative strategies on chest pains through a descriptive discussion in each stage. It will firstly give an overview of the patient and indicate existing complications and any relevant information. The condition will then be analyzed with the use of evidence based journals and appropriate text books
transmit from along the T-tubules to sarcroplasmic reticulum's terminal sacs. Next, sarcoplasmic reticulum will release the calcium into the sarcroplasm leading to the next second event called contraction. The released calcium ions will now bind to troponin. This will cause the inhibition of actin and mysoin interaction to be released. The crossbridge of myosin filaments that are attached to the actin filaments, thus causing tension to be exerted and the muscles will shorten by sliding filament mechanism
Associate in R&D department in a medical devices company called Alere, San Diego. Alere is a company that researches and manufactures medical devices that can give rapid diagnostic results. The group that hired me researches devices that measure Troponin I (TnI) and Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in blood. My job is to improve the precision of the assay by optimizing different parts of the devices. I now understand that medical doctors and research scientists have similar responsibilities:
presented to the Emergency Room on February 2, 2016 with complaints of abdominal pain with chronic shortness of breath. M.S. revealed tachycardia during triage. EKG presented new onset atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and labs expressed elevated troponin I levels. M.S. was transferred to the telemetry unit for further treatment. M.S. is an 80 year-old Black American born on August 29, 1936. Upon report on February 3, 2016 M.S. has no known allergies and has elected to be a status full code. Overnight
is different. In both muscle types there are two types of filaments: thick and thin. Within skeletal muscle, actin and myosin are arranged in myofibrils. Thin filaments in skeletal muscle are formed from filamentous actin, nebulin, tropomyosin and troponin. The length of thin filaments is defined by nebulin to form filaments of 1µm in length (Martini). Thick filaments are composed of “about 300 myosin molecules, each made up of a pair of myosin subunits twisted around one another”. Myosin molecules
Calcium ions (Ca2+) and thereafter, Na+ is able to flux into the muscle fiber. From the Sarcoplasmic Terminal Cristernae, the Ca2+ ions are diffused into the sarcoplasm and troponin proteins are enclosed to the Tropomyosin. This triggers the Calcium ions to bond with the troponin, and permits the movement of the Tropomyosin. Since Troponin differentiates its conformation, the Tropomyosin shifts from the actin-binding site. This exposes the myosin sites on the actin. The ATP from the Myosin heads
Skeletal and smooth muscle cells show a number of similarities however they also display many differences. These similarities and differences can be seen through observing the structure and appearance of these cells, their control mechanisms and the ways in which they contract. When observing both cell types under a microscope several differences are obvious. Firstly, skeletal muscles are larger than smooth muscle cells (one muscle cell can be up to 100µm in length). They are also multinucleated
out the presynaptic vessels. Action potential goes to the t-tubule and down the sarcoplasmic terminal where calcium is released. In the neuromuscular junction the vessels do not touch and this is considered to be a cleft. Calcium binds with troponin, troponin then unfolds tropmyosin. Myosin attaches
Muscles are very important to the body. Muscles also do a lot for your body. They pump blood through your body, they help you lift heavy objects, and most of all they help your body in almost every way. Muscle is a body tissue that can contract and produce movement (Merriam-Webster Dictionary). Muscles are like the engine of the body; they turn energy into motion. Muscle tone isn’t as important as muscles, but it is very good for the body. Then there is muscular strength, which is a component of
In 1976 a pharmaceutical beta blocker named Atenolol (a synthetic derivative of isopropylamino-propanol) was discovered and developed by the Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) to treat common cardiovascular disorders (6). To fully understand Atenolol one must first recognize that it is specifically a beta-1 adrenoceptors antagonist. This is crucial because beta blockers follow strict classification guidelines in regards to the specific receptors they will interact with. These receptors are known
large bore catheters running one IV with NS at KVO and morphine sulfate for pain. Initial laboratory testing including a complete blood cell count (CBC), basic metabolic panel (BMP), cardiac enzymes (creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, and cardiac Troponin) and repeat in 90 min. Administer antiplatelet ASA 324mg PO (Sen, B., McNab, A., & Burdess, C., 2009, p. 18). Before administering nitroglycerin 0.4 mg SL (every 5 minutes up to three doses) reassess blood pressure if systolic <90 mmHg, patient
During clinical this week, the student nurse got the opportunity of an observational experience in a Specialty Care Unit. The student was directed to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) to observe a patient that was critically ill and receiving extensive treatment. The student observed a nurse caring for a patient while administering therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. The patient L.E. is a 73 year old male. The patient has no history of coronary artery disease or any problems with
myocardium, Subepicardial, involves inner and middle layer, and Transmural, a Q-wave depression MI, that involves all 3 layers of myocardium. We diagnose MI by clinical history, changes of Q-wave in EKG and by elevation in cardiac marker enzymes, such as Troponin and
Chest Pain History of present illness: The patient is a 71 year old male of the Veteran Association. His past medical history includes coronary artery disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The patient was involved in a contraindication at home where he was thrown into a dresser and hit his lower back. Shortly following the incident the police were contacted. During this time the patient consequently began to develop some substernal chest pain with a radiation to the left arm; the patient
A nurse is responsible for advocating for her patients and making sure that they receive appropriate care. In order for a nurse to know her scope of practice she needs to read the Texas Board of Nursing Scope of practice. A nurse that reads the nursing scope of practice act will be prepared to adequately care for their patients. The scope of practice outlines procedures, actions, and processes that a nurse is permitted to do in order to maintain her professional license. Thus, professional nursing