them. The trehalose allows the cells to be reduced to less than two percent water content. Trehalose is found in lower plants and protozoans and is comparable to sucrose in higher organisms. The most recent evidence shows that trehalose molecules interact with macromolecules and membranes of the cell and stabilize them during low water periods. Experiments have shown that cells membranes dried with trehalose once rehydrated resume normal functions. This is contrary to those without trehalose where biological
These tiny animals dwelling in the moist areas of our planet looks like a funny little thing. But as we laugh at its weird and peculiar body structure and shape, it is cheating death. These funny tiny animals are called tardigrades, water bears or moss piglets. At first glance these creatures may not make a big impression considering their small stature and unimpressive frame. Soon we learn that although these creatures are funny to look at they can survive in any place in the world you can think
2.1. Artificial Insemination (AI) : Development of techniques for the successful. .freezing of spermatozoa has progressively evolved over the. .past 60 years (Kucuk et al., 2014). At the beginning of 20th century Ivanov initiated Investigations on artificial insemination (AI) of sheep , whose. .studies on diluting media and reproduction led to the development and the practical application of AI in farm animals, reviewed by (Bohlooli et al., 2012). Artificial insemination offers. .many advantages
Researchers took a closer and believed that the key to achieving this was in a sugar called trehalose which can be found in other types of animals and is also known to have properties that help build up a tolerance to dry conditions, but they were however mistaken for prior studies have found little evidence that the sugar is present in Tardigrades
which sucrose phosphate first is formed.The disaccharide trehalose is similar in many respects to sucrose but is much less widely distributed. It is composed of two molecules of -D-glucose and is also a nonreducing sugar. Trehalose is present in young mushrooms and in the resurrection plant (Selaginella); it is of considerable biological interest because it is also found in the circulating fluid (hemolymph) of many insects. Since trehalose can be converted to a glucose phosphate compound by an enzyme-catalyzed
Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease which causes millions of death in humans. In India approximately 500,000 deaths occurs now and then. TB is an air borne disease which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Apart from M. tuberculosis, there are many strains of Mycobacterial species like M. bovis , M .africanum , M. microti, M. caprae , M. pinnipedi i, M. canetti and M. mungi. Together these species are known to be M. tuberculosis complex. The main target of tuberculosis is the
Plants contain a great variety of carbohydrates such as polysaccharides (pentosan, hexosans such as cellulose, starch, xylans, etc.), oligosaccharides (stachyose, raffinose, etc.), disaccharides (maltose, sucrose, cellobiose, trehalose, etc.), monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, fructose, etc.), sugar alcohols (glycerol, sorbitol, etc.), sugar acids (uronic acid, ascorbic acid, etc.), esters (tannins), organic acids (citric, tartartic, oxalic, lactic, etc.), proteins (albumins
2.1 Surfactant and biosurfactant The amphiphilic molecules which is known as surfactants have been used widely in different industries including petroleum, environmental, food, agricultural, bioprocessing, cosmetic, and biological industries. Surfactants contain a hydrophilic part and hydrophobic part which make them capable to reduce surface and interfacial tension of liquids. However, these compounds are chemically synthesized which is mainly petroleum-based and toxic to the environment. These
Antarctica Location and Description of Ecosystem The ecosystem of Antarctica is located in the South Pole. The Antarctic is Earth’s southernmost continent, and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. Antarctica is a unique and large continent with many animals that have adapted to live in the harsh, cold climate. Exploration in the South Pole began in the 1800s, and has become an important
m The purpose of the exercise was to determine the carriage rate of staphylococcus aureus in the nasal carriage of students microbiology I students at RMIT university in 2016 and to compare with similar studies in 2012- 15 and 2 published studies from a similar demographic introduction Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen because of its mutations in the 1960s which lead to the developed of a strain known as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Schinasi et al., 2013) which
Tuberculosis (TB) is a transmittable and often severe airborne disease, an infection caused by a bacteria known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). TB usually affects the lungs, but it also can affect any other organ of the body. It is usually treatable with a scheduled routine of medicine taken for 6 months to 2 years, the length of treatment is conditional on the type and severity of the infection ( WHO. October 2015). This usually happens when a person breathes in the contaminated air, in which
Worldwide Tuberculosis is caused by M.bovis and M.africanum, in addition to M.tuberculosis. This is likely due to closer interactions between people and livestock, another host for the organisms. Transmissions to humans from susceptible animal species and their products like milk is also possible. It affects lungs and respiratory tract. With the advent of the AIDS epidemic, there has been a steady yearly increase in the number of global TB cases. In the United States, this disease mostly occurs among
Introduction Drug resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) has become a severe global health threat. The fight against TB is now facing major challenges due to the appearance of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and more recently, the virtually untreatable Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR-TB). MDR-TB are strains that are resistant to both top first-line drugs, Isoniazid and Rifampin, while XDR-TB are MDR-TB strains that are also resistant to any fluoroquinolone and one or
I. Purpose The purpose of the study is to identify an unknown microorganism using multiple microbiology lab techniques. Through this process I will gain knowledge on how to perform these techniques as well as the importance of these tests on identifying unknown microorganisms. This is significant as the goal of this course is to familiarize ourselves with the common microbiology tests as well as the microorganisms we encounter in our daily activities. II. Materials Media: TSA TSB Thioglycolate