Fruits have abundant vitamins, minerals and carbohydrates as well as they constitute high amounts of water making them more susceptible for microbial spoilage. The average water content in fruits is 84.9%, carbohydrates 13.2%, protein 0.88%, fat 0.53%, and ash 0.46%. Along with vitamins and other organic compounds, fruits are excellent material for microbial growth. Because the pH level of fruits is relatively low and more acidic, yeast and mold have more competitive edge than bacteria. Citrus fruit are more likely to be spoiled by yeast and mold than by bacteria. It is very common to see refrigerated fruits such as oranges, lime, and lemon spoiled by Penicillium, Mucor, Aspergillus, yeast, and so on. The protective barrier as defense mechanism …show more content…
Plants contain a great variety of carbohydrates such as polysaccharides (pentosan, hexosans such as cellulose, starch, xylans, etc.), oligosaccharides (stachyose, raffinose, etc.), disaccharides (maltose, sucrose, cellobiose, trehalose, etc.), monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, fructose, etc.), sugar alcohols (glycerol, sorbitol, etc.), sugar acids (uronic acid, ascorbic acid, etc.), esters (tannins), organic acids (citric, tartartic, oxalic, lactic, etc.), proteins (albumins, globulins, gluten, prolamines, amino acids), lipids (fatty acids, phospholipids, glycolipids, etc.), nucleic acids (purine and pyrimidine), vitamins (fat soluble: A, D, E, K; water soluble: thiamine, niacin, riboflavin, …show more content…
In general, the contents of vegetables are: water about 88%, carbohydrate 8.6%, proteins 1.9%, fat 0.3%, and ash 0.84%. These nutrient compositions are suitable for growth of a variety of bacteria, yeast, and mold. In case of vegetables due to neutral pH it’s contaminated by both fungi and bacteria during pre and post-harvest or in processing. Fresh vegetables contain microbes from soil, water, air, and other environmental sources and can include some plant pathogens. Fungi commonly associated with spoilage of fresh vegetables include genera of Penicillium, Phytophthora, Alternaria, Botrytis, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Phoma, Trichoderma and Aspergillus. The symptoms include visible growth, rots and discoloration, such as blue mold rot, gray mold rot, botrytis rot, and brown rot. Yeasts have been often identified and reported in various fresh cut fruits some of the genera previously isolated include Saccharomyces, Candida, Torulopsis, Hansenula, Rhodotorula and Zygosaccharomyces. Yeasts have a slightly higher growth rate than molds, ferment sugars into alcohols, and are responsible for off-flavors and
“Strange Fruit” by Billie Holiday conveys the inhumane, gory lynchings of African-Americans in the American South, and how this highly unnatural act had entrenched itself into the society and culture of the South, almost as if it were an agricultural crop. Although the song did not originate from Holiday, her first performance of it in 1939 in New York City and successive recording of the song became highly popular for their emotional power (“Strange fruit,” 2017). The lyrics in the song highlight the contrast between the natural beauty and apparent sophistication of the agricultural South with the brutal violence of lynchings. Holiday communicates these rather disturbing lyrics through a peculiarly serene vocal delivery, accompanied by a hymn-like
If you are a teenager or young adult looking for a compelling and intriguing book to read, then I would recommend Apple and Rain, written by award winning author Sarah Crossan. When I first picked up the book, I did not think that I would enjoy it as much as I did. There were plenty of realistic and relatable events throughout the novel.
used for storage. In plants, starch is mainly used because if it is synthesized, the plant can stock
Citrus fruit are not just used for fresh fruit and juice. It has many other uses. One is in jellies and in other preserves. Preserves include marmalades and crystallized fruits. A by-product of citrus production is ...
The first work examined is an anthology collected by Maureen Honey called Bitter Fruit: African American Women in World War II, which include multiple types of writing on the experiences of African-American women throughout the Second World War. The sources and included writings are drawn mostly from major African-American periodicals. The compilation is a useful resource for historians, though a clear bias against the federal politics for their discriminatory actions against these writers, both for their race and gender, is nevertheless inherent in much of the texts. Still, Bitter Fruit includes informative analysis of African-American women’s contributions in World War II, albeit the editor, Honey would have benefited from expanding on the
In the poem, Blackberry-Picking by Seamus Heany, the author takes the reader back to the 1940’s in Northern Ireland where he experienced his childhood. The poem seems deceivingly simple about picking blackberries during the summertime. However, the poem demonstrates a deeper meaning. The author relates his childhood memories to the harsh reality of life. In the poem Blackberry-Picking by Seamus Heany, the author uses extended metaphor, contrast, similes, and a shift in point of view in order to examine that as one grows and learns, innocence is lost.
Snyder, R. (2009). Water In The Greenhouse. Growing Produce. Retrieved on March 20, 2014 from http://www.growingproduce.com/uncategorized/water-in-the-greenhouse/
For citrus growers in Florida, the future is uncertain. Two bacterial diseases, named citrus canker and citrus greening disease, have devastated countless acres of trees across the state. For an industry that “generates about $8.9 billion a year,” this is no small issue (“Citrus Greening”). The Florida Citrus Grower’s Association would like to import a landrace of orange discovered in China that is resistant to citrus greening disease and test it in Florida to discover its effects on both citrus canker and greening. Although there are advantages to importing a resistant form of citrus, the risks greatly outweigh the potential benefits, and for this reason, the Association should begin to place its efforts towards the many alternative methods of control that are available.
The book Tangerine is about a Boy named Paul Fischer that has a disability, this disability is an eye problem which in the story prevents him from playing his favorite sport, soccer. When his family and him move to Florida, he finds himself in an old and unorganized school. His brother Erik on the other hand was having w test time in his new home, making new friends, becoming popular, and even the star on their school's football team. Meanwhile Paul is having the worst time of his life. Will Paul figure things out in his new home, will he ever be noticed in the school for the goalkeeper? I think that you would really like this book because it shows you what it's like to be disabled, it involves different sports such as soccer, and also
THEMES, OBJECTIVE, OBJECTIVITY AND VALIDITY IN LIVY’S –HANNIBAL Livy’s “Hannibal in Rome “ is a historic tale that delves into the conflict between Rome and Carthage during the Second Punic War (Harris,1979).With its rich narrative and detailed accounts of the military strategies of the legendary Carthaginian general,Hannibal Barca, Livy’s work offers a unique perspective on this pivotal moment in an ancient history. This essay therefore explains the main themes, objectives, objectivity, and validity of Livy’s “Hannibal in Rome “, considering both its historical context and its impact on subsequent interpretations of the Second Punic War. To begin with, the main theme portrayed in Livy’s “Hannibal” is leadership. This theme is depicted through Livy’s characterization of different commanders. For example, he viewed
2. Gently was fruit in cool, soapy water, using a scrub brush on the citrus fruits, then rinse thoroughly with cool running tap water.
Lactic acid have more growth requirements than then normal bacteria since it was evolved in nutrient-rich environments. Lactic acid bacteria have diverse mechanisms for creating the energy needed to support and sustain biological activities. The availability of organic acid in the fruit can be important in allowing growth and metabolism. As lactic acid bacteria have the ability to produce large amount of acids, they often inhibit the development of other bacteria in juices and are able to cause their own autolysis. Excessive clarification and pre treatment of the fruit during the process of sending the fruit to the market which removes many of the natural yeasts and flora. The chemical compsition of juice also affect the rate of fermentation. Fruits generally tend to contain sufficient substrate (soluble sugars)that allow for the yeast and bacteria to fermented , so it can be said that because the fruits used did not show a very high increase in acidity it did not provide a sufficient substrate for the lactic acid bacteria that is present on the fruit to be used for fermentation.Temperature has an impact on the growth and activity of different strains of yeast. At temperatures of
Lastly, the pathogen needs to be control by cultural practices, chemical and host plant resistance. Resistant pruning will avoid the dieback penetrate to other parts of trees. The cocoa trees need regular check up to detect the symptoms of dieback on the trees and the management can be proceeding if the diseases happen.
This clearly shows that the fruits and vegetables play a vital role in maintaining our good health. Fruits and vegetables are seasonal and grown in different parts of our country. They need to be stored for longer period and transported to different places. It makes necessary for us to find out whether there is any damage to the useful contents of the fruits and vegetable during the storage and transportation or due to some preservatives or other factors and what kind of nutrients, minerals, etc. are present in their juices. With this idea in mind, the project has been undertaken.
Over the last decade it has become more visible that the Florida citrus industry has taken a fall. A lack of fruit productions or the suddenly disappearing orange trees, the question arises “what is the cause of the downfall in the citrus industry?” From the time that citrus canker has showed up in Florida in 2005, it has done nothing but damage and hurt all citrus growers as well as the industry as a whole. Though citrus canker is a large topic only the cause and effects of canker in Florida as well as cure and preventatives will be discussed.