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Artificial insemination essays
Artificial insemination essays
Artificial insemination essays
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2.1. Artificial Insemination (AI) : Development of techniques for the successful. .freezing of spermatozoa has progressively evolved over the. .past 60 years (Kucuk et al., 2014). At the beginning of 20th century Ivanov initiated Investigations on artificial insemination (AI) of sheep , whose. .studies on diluting media and reproduction led to the development and the practical application of AI in farm animals, reviewed by (Bohlooli et al., 2012). Artificial insemination offers. .many advantages to farmers and takes full benefits of the estrus synchronization techniques (Cseh et al., 2012). The small ruminant industry was changed by. .the artificial insemination since it produce better control of reproduction. .and sexually transmitted …show more content…
Research. .on storage of spermatozoa under artificial conditions was stimulated due to necessity to use the rams over extended periods, or at different times of the year. The response of the spermatozoa to the cryopreservation. .varies among individual males of the same species as well as in different species (Waterhouse et al., 2006). In general, the spermatozoa of small ruminants. .are extremely sensitive to cryopreservation compared to other species (Kucuk et al., …show more content…
.successful liquid storage of ram spermatozoa. This is achieved by providing. .effective environmental conditions for the cooled ram semen, which to present have focused on the development of extenders that protect the membrane. .integrity, motility and fertilizing ability of spermatozoa from the bad. .effect of preservation , as well as on the prevention of oxidative stress, and the decrease of the production. .of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during liquid storage (Hollinshead et al., 2004 and Salvador et al.,
The testes produce sperm and sex hormones, testosterone. Surrounding each testis is a coiled tube called the epididymis, which collects and stores sperm, very much similar to that of a human. Before ejaculation a seminal fluid is added by the seminal vesicles, to prevent the sperm from drying out.
The addition of a child into a family’s home is a happy occasion. Unfortunately, some families are unable to have a child due to unforeseen problems, and they must pursue other means than natural pregnancy. Some couples adopt and other couples follow a different path; they utilize in vitro fertilization or surrogate motherhood. The process is complicated, unreliable, but ultimately can give the parents the gift of a child they otherwise could not have had. At the same time, as the process becomes more and more advanced and scientists are able to predict the outcome of the technique, the choice of what child is born is placed in the hands of the parents. Instead of waiting to see if the child had the mother’s eyes, the father’s hair or Grandma’s heart problem, the parents and doctors can select the best eggs and the best sperm to create the perfect child. Many see the rise of in vitro fertilization as the second coming of the Eugenics movement of the 19th and early 20th century. A process that is able to bring joy to so many parents is also seen as deciding who is able to reproduce and what child is worthy of birthing.
For many years, infertile couples have had difficulty facing the reality that they can not have children. According to Nidus Information Services Incorporated, 6.2 million women in the United States are infertile. This problem leads to many options. A few options have been used for a long period of time: the couple could adopt a child or keep trying to have a child themselves. For those couples that want to have their own children, there are new options arising. In vetro fertilization is an option that gives couples the chance to have a doctor combine the male's sperm and the woman's eggs in a petri dish and implant them into the woman's womb after the artificial conception. This may result in multiple pregnancies - more than five in some cases. This does not only occur in implantation, however. Many times the patient's doctor will ask her to consider selective reduction: aborting a few fetuses to save the ones she can. In a case of multiple pregnancy, selective reduction should be considered an option.
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a complex series of procedures used to help those who want children but struggle with infertility. The process consists of extracting eggs from a woman and collecting a man’s sperm sample then manually combining them in a lab dish. Once the embryo(s) are created they are transferred to a woman’s uterus. IVF is commonly used in woman who cannot conceive on their own due to different reasonings. “These include but are not limited to blocked or damaged fallopian tubes, male factor infertility, woman with ovulation disorders, genetic disorders, woman who have had their fallopian tubes removed and unexplained infertility.” (American Pregnancy)
What is Artificial Implantation? Artificial Implantation or IUI is a technique used to help treat infertility in both men and women. In this procedure, sperm are inserted directly into a woman's cervix, fallopian tubes, or uterus. By doing this it makes it possible for pregnancy to occur where is was not able to before. Infertility in men can be caused by many factors including having few or no sperm, having too large of veins in the testicials, and other injuries or illnesses to the testicials and sperm. Infertility in women can be caused by heavy alcohol and drug use, smoking, age, environmental toxins, stress, poor diet, athletic training, being overweight, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and many health issues (Women’s). As a result of these factors both men and women in 1981 artificial implantation and other fertility techniques resulted in over 200,000 babies being born that year and the numbers have rapidly grown over the years (Infertility). The technique of Artificial Implantation is discussed according to the diverse moral values of others; furthermore, throughout Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein, moral values are also questioned over creating a human from something other than sexual reproduction.
As explained by the above excerpt from The Mother Machine, artificial insemination is not a recent technological breakthrough. The procedure among huma...
Donor-assisted insemination is a process that enables a woman to conceive a child through the donated sperm/egg of a male or female. Donor insemination is a technique that has been used around the world for fifty eight years. This technique is often used in situations where a man or woman suffer from infertility and are unable to produce children on their own. Donor-insemination is also used to help gay people or single people have children. In these cases, the child grow up to never know their genetic father/mother. The children born from donor- assisted reproduction only have access to basic, non-identifying information such as: race, height, eye-color, etc. This is not enough information to settle the donor-inseminated (DI) children's desire to know about their parents. I personally think the DI children have a natural right to know where they came from. Many DI children say that knowing about their genetic parent is something that they desire more than anything in the world. These children have a right to know about their genetic background, not only for themselves, but for their children as well.
Fact: A blue whale’s testicles contain up to 7 gallons of sperm and weigh 22 pounds...
Spearmann thought of cloning as a way to study cell differentiation. Briggs and King used the technique of nuclear transfer on amphibians and it was successful (Campbell). “Subsequently John Gurdon demonstrated the potential to reprogram differentiated cells by producing adult Xenopus using epithelial cells from developing tadpole intestine as nuclear donors,” says Alberio Campbell. Unfortunately, later studies show that this method of cloning tadpoles didn’t allow them to develop to the adult stage of life (Campbell). “The use of enucleated metaphase II oocytes as recipient cytoplasts proved more successful and in 1986 resulted in the production of live lambs using blastomeres from 8 to 16-cell stage embryos as nuclear donors,” says Campbell. This success in sheep was also used on other mammals such as cattle and swine. There were limitations to the technology. First, the “frequency development was very low”...
The idea of in vitro fertilization originated in the works of British geneticist and Oxford professor JBS Haldane (Milner). Haldane imagined the practice of “ectogenesis”, or pregnancy hosted in an artificial womb, in his 1924 book Daedalus (Rosen). Haldane’s book was the inspiration for Brave New World.... ... middle of paper ...
The high summer temperatures is a major cause of poor quality semen formation in bulls and reduces sexual activities, as well as th...
Can anybody or anything claim to be a god—the supreme entity that governs all moral authority? Since Gregor Mendel first tinkered with plants for genes to the time of great evolutionists like that of Lamarck and Darwin who proposed their individual theories of evolution; there has been much more technological advancement, debate, controversy, and understanding on the “origin” of humans through scientific fields like that of genetics, genetic engineering, etc. There has always been an assumption and belief of a higher power governing the physical world that scientists and metaphysicists cannot answer; however, there has been great insight into how did we come to be? Any practicing religion will tell you, God or gods are the answer to every question. Both sides are quick to defend either their science or their religion from the fundamentalist to the naturalist. In more recent news, in vitro fertilization (the fertilization of an egg cell outside the body) has begun to see an increase in viability as questions about its ethics and morality have become more accepting due to the costs of a procedure being cut down (not covered by the Affordable Care Act), developments in medical and scientific technology through IVF, and subsidiary factors: the advent of “designer babies” and the increasing tolerance of homosexuality—leading to couples to seek out IVF.
With every new technology that is born, there must be many questions as to whether this technology is beneficial or harmful as well as analyze who is affects. This especially holds true in dealing with the technology of artificial insemination. With the cultural mainstreaming of artificial insemination, there have been many articles written discussing the ethics of such decisions. Most of these articles are written by feminist authors with the purpose of discussing the impact of this new technology on women and how it affects their roles as mothers in society.
These first lines of Mina Loy’s poem “Parturition” indicate the way in which the poet distin-guished herself from other (male) modernist poets: “I am”, writes Loy, and puts a woman in “the centre” of her poem – a poem which has a distinctly female experience as its topic, childbirth. As modernism was a male-dominated literary movement, the experiences of women were largely disregarded but Loy aimed to give the “new woman” a voice and “pre-sented a new female perspective”. In 1914, Loy wrote her “Feminist Manifesto” that speaks out against the inferior position of women in society and stresses the importance of the aban-donment of the traditional view on women. Loy supported her position through her poetry in which she objected the position of women in a male-centred society and presented a new
Science has taken another step forward into the future of mankind by empowering parents to give their children the best start possible. We are now presented the opportunity to decide what personality and features we want our kids to have before their even born. Although at first glance, it may seem amazing and feel as if you’re picking the exact candy bar you want at a convenient store. However, are we ready for mankind to play, what some might call “God”? Is messing with the genetic code in our babies morally right? Or is it wrong? These are questions being brought up towards the matter of genetically engineering our babies. Danielle Simmons mentioned in the 2008 Nature Education that “Genes influence health and disease, as well as human traits and behavior”. Well genetic engineering on human genes has been going on for a long period of time now. It has also been performed on babies of women who were having trouble conceiving to prevent birth deficiency and help produce a healthy baby. As time went on, scientist became more precise and accurate in the genetic engineering of human genes (Simmons). Scientist is now able to help parents make their baby exactly the way, they prefer. Now that we are able to engineer the genetic code in humans to this extent, we can now produce a healthier generation that will have our ideal traits and behavior.