Stimulus Essays

  • Stimulus/Response Versus Input/Output Theory: An Orientation to the Syntax of Scientific Literature

    1336 Words  | 3 Pages

    Stimulus/Response Versus Input/Output Theory: An Orientation to the Syntax of Scientific Literature There appears to be a steady desire within the scientific and lay community to explain events which occur in the universe in a concrete absolute fashion. This most likely extends from an unconscious (or conscious) need to control the world around us. Such control can give a sense of security regarding our future. If we can explain why events happen, we can attempt to predict when and for what

  • The Simon Effect: A Case Study

    835 Words  | 2 Pages

    location as the response, even though the location information is irrelevant to the actual task (Simon, 1969). In studying the Simon effect it is possible to understand response selection. There are three stages which must be taken into consideration: Stimulus identification, response selection and response execution. Thus, the focus of this experiment is to determine whether or not people are faster and perhaps more accurate responding to stimuli in the same relative location as the response, despite

  • Brain Wave Genereation

    934 Words  | 2 Pages

    state If external stimulus is applied to the brain, it becomes possible to entrain the brain frequency from one stage to another. For example, if a person is in beta stage (highly alert) and a stimulus of 10Hz is applied to his/her brain for some time, the brain frequency is likely to change towards the applied stimulus. The effect will be relaxing to the person. This phenomenon is also called frequency following response. When the brain's state is close to the applied stimulus, entrainment works

  • Contextual World View Essay

    1122 Words  | 3 Pages

    Six hundred years ago western culture adopted the general scientific model as an unproven assumed perspective. The general scientific model developed as a phenomenon of knowledge that could be tested and replicated by all. The general scientific model presents a foundation of perception upon which theories, assumptions, and most beliefs are based off. Only confined by human limitations, the general scientific model is perceived to have endless possibilities of achievable knowledge. According to

  • How Organism Learn: Classical And Operant Conditioning

    881 Words  | 2 Pages

    set of unconditioned stimulus and its unconditioned response. What is meant by conditioned is that the response is automatic and based on instinct. To compliment this name the stimulus is known as the unconditioned stimulus (Myers 260). With Pavlov's new observations a new set of stimulus and response was found. This new set is known as the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response. What is meant by conditioned response here is that the response was learned. The stimulus begins as neutral and

  • What Motivates Employees

    2045 Words  | 5 Pages

    conducted the Hawthorne studies Linden, 1998) He concluded that employees were not solely motivated by money. Elton Mayo Previously believed that outside stimulus like lighting and physical surroundings affected productivity. Yet, no matter how they changed the stimulus during their experiment production increased. "It turned out that the stimulus that affected production most was being observed: being the focus of attention motivated people to hard work." (Cohen 1998, 93) His discovery was later

  • Pavlov Theory - Conditioned Response

    1127 Words  | 3 Pages

    term unconditioned. The food in this example is known as the unconditioned stimulus, what stimulated the salivation was the food. After Pavlov took notice of all of this he wanted to see if the dog can be conditioned (trained) to respond to an unnatural stimulus, unnatural, being one that would not have an automatic reaction to the stimulus. To examine this Pavlov rang a bell prior to giving the dog the unconditioned stimulus (food). After numerous repetitions of this order the dog began to salivate

  • The Seven Ages of Man

    669 Words  | 2 Pages

    My practical work was devised by the stimulus of `The Seven Ages of Man' I had to consider a specific age and work within two age groups. My practical work was devised by the stimulus of `The Seven Ages of Man' I had to consider a specific age and work within two age groups. One of these was my own age phase, the other a mixed age. I developed my work from previous work based on energy states. My contribution to the performance was to play the character of a twenty something year old.

  • Meaning Of Illusions

    1446 Words  | 3 Pages

    experiences that sometimes are hard to believe. These are constantly reflected throughout our lifes in a way that we might not be able to notice. An illusion is defined in the Microsoft Encarta 98 Encyclopedia as “a false sensory perception of an actual stimulus” (Encarta, par.1). This article is convincing us that most of our mental images are in a form of basically interrupted stories that are made up partially of our memories and full of frequent scenes from what we encountered in our daily vitality.

  • Caught in the Yellow Wallpaper

    1053 Words  | 3 Pages

    feels stifled and bored. She feels that her condition is only being worsened by her lack of stimulus, but it is not simply boredom that bothers her. She is constantly feeling guilty and unappreciative for questioning her family's advice. This causes her to question her self-awareness and her own perception of reality. "I sometimes fancy that in my condition if I had less opposition and more society and stimulus; but John says the very worst thing I can do is to think about my condition, and I confess

  • Hidden Burden

    956 Words  | 2 Pages

    psychology may have been commenced by early Russian neurophysiologists during the Pavlov period when stimulus-response motor mechanisms were being researched in animals and humans. In that sense, "dynamic stereotype" came to refer to the end-result of cortical analysis and synthesis of all stimuli arising from both the external and the internal world if the same response always occurred relative to the same stimulus" (Swann). Stereotype evolved into something all of us recognize, not as a type of printing

  • Essay on Nonsense Language in Carroll's Jabberwocky

    1029 Words  | 3 Pages

    woman leaving a reading by the Polish poet Czeslaw Milosz said she was glad he'd read some of his work in Polish because the language sounded exciting, like horse hooves over cobblestones. Sometimes a poem can mean little or nothing, yet the stimulus of words alone wins our attention. Some poets can even invent words themselves. Carroll combines two words (portmanteau) into one word to compose those weird sounds and words in the poem. In a unique way the meaningless words combine with recognizable

  • Classical vs. Operant Conditioning

    717 Words  | 2 Pages

    behavior in the presence of well-defined stimuli. Both classical and operant conditioning are basic forms of learning. Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which an organism learns to transfer a natural response from one stimulus to another, previously neutral stimulus. Manipulating reflexes does this. Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which the likelihood of a behavior is increased or decreased by the use of reinforcement or punishment. Operant conditioning deals with more cognitive

  • Fear of Flying and Classical Conditioning Theory

    692 Words  | 2 Pages

    determines why and the cause of a condition as well as what has brought it about. There are many stimulus both conditioned and unconditioned that can cause fear or other problems, but the major reason for causes regarding the fear of flying has been mentioned in several articles regarding anxiety disorders. Fear of flying is created by the unconscious mind as a protective mechanism. When using the neutral stimulus explanation, Lauren may not have had a relevant response of interest. Lauren may have learned

  • classical conditioning

    852 Words  | 2 Pages

    that stress is quite likely to be the cause of the insomnia and alertness. By focusing specifically on Bond and McConkey’s (2001) theory: “…Classical conditioning can be defined as the pairing of some fixed temporal relationship of a neutral stimulus and a stimulus capable of regularly and reliably eliciting a response…” we can potentially see that the night time stressfulness could be as a result of her becoming classically conditioned. To understand exactly how my friend has learned to display characteristics

  • Earworm

    1635 Words  | 4 Pages

    the mental equivalent of an itchy back. So, the only way to 'scratch' a cognitive itch is to rehearse the responsible tune mentally. The process may start involuntarily, as the brain detects an incongruity or something "exceptional" in the musical stimulus. The ensuing mental repetition may exacerbate the "itch," such that the mental rehearsal becomes largely involuntary, and the individual feels trapped in a cycle from which they seem unable to escape. But why does this happen? Apparently, repetition

  • classical conditioning

    1057 Words  | 3 Pages

    experiment proving classical conditioning. What is aconditioned stimulus?  “A neutralstimulus that, after repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus, becomesassociated with it and elicits a conditioned response.” (World of Psychologypg167)   In English it is something thatis used to train someone or something through repetition.  Pavlov made use of this in his experiment toshow classical conditioning.  Where asan unconditioned stimulus is something that is unlearned but is just respondedto out of

  • B.f. Skinner

    1407 Words  | 3 Pages

    organism is in the process of “operating” on the environment, which in ordinary terms means it is bouncing around the world, doing what it does. During this “operating,” the organism encounters a special kind of stimulus, called a reinforcing stimulus, or simply a reinforcer. This special stimulus has the effect of increasing the operant - which is the behavior occurring just before the reinforcer. This is operant conditioning: “the behavior is followed by a consequence, and the nature of the consequence

  • Psychodynamic vs Behavioral

    553 Words  | 2 Pages

    cognitive view. Instead of looking at the mental processes, behaviorists look at humans externally by observing the effects of people, objects, and events on behavior. The stimulus-response connection, developed by behaviorists, explains human behavior by stating that each response has a stimulus. An example would be a loud noise (the stimulus) causing a person to jump (the response). True behaviorists claim that thoughts, feelings, and motives do not play a role in determining behavior. Thoughts and feelings

  • Behaviorism

    3036 Words  | 7 Pages

    behavior of dogs and how they would salivating (conditioned reflex) when shown just the food dish without food (conditioned stimulus or conditioned response). Next, John B. Watson wrote a book called Behavior, where he described psychology as the process where behavior can be predicted and controlled. Watson also studied how learning can be achieved through a repeated stimulus and specific responses. Edward Thorndike described behaviorism as "a description of a man’s mind is that it is his connection