Theory behind BrainWave Generator
EEG and the brain's state
EEG (Electroencephalography) technology is used to measure brain's electrical vibrations from the surface of the scalp. The resulting EEG pattern will contain frequency elements mainly below 30Hz. The frequencies are categorized into four states as follows: State Frequency range Amplitude State of mind
Delta 0.5Hz - 4Hz high (up to 200uV) Deep sleep
Theta 4Hz - 8Hz low (5uV - 20uV) Drowsiness (also first stage of sleep)
Alpha 8Hz - 14Hz high (up to 200uV) Relaxed but alert
Beta 14Hz - 30Hz low (less than 10uV) Highly alert and focused
The dominant frequency in the EEG pattern determines what shall be called the current state of the brain. If the amplitude of the alpha range frequencies is highest, then the brain is said to be in the alpha stage. Note, that other frequencies still exist and it is impossible to give any "exact frequency your brain is operating on". However, later references to the brain states use the simplification of assuming that such a single frequency exists.
Entraining the brain to a desired state
If external stimulus is applied to the brain, it becomes possible to entrain the brain frequency from one stage to another. For example, if a person is in beta stage (highly alert) and a stimulus of 10Hz is applied to his/her brain for some time, the brain frequency is likely to change towards the applied stimulus. The effect will be relaxing to the person. This phenomenon is also called frequency following response.
When the brain's state is close to the applied stimulus, entrainment works more efficiently. Thus, when doing a sweep from one frequency to another, the starting frequency should be as close to your current brain state as possible. The sweep speed should be such that your brain's state changes steadily with it, so that the difference never gets very large. In practice, it is difficult to determine your brain state without extra equipment (like EEG devices). However, you can quite safely assume that during the day your brain is in the beta stage (about 20Hz) and you can start the sweep from there. If you are already somewhat relaxed, you can use a start frequency of 15Hz or a few Hz lower.
Stimulating the brain with binaural beat frequencies
The easiest way of applying stimulus to the brain is via ears. Other senses could be used as well, and vision is actually used quite often (often in addition to hearing).
The brain has four major lobes. The frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe, and temporal lobe are responsible for all of the activities of the body, from seeing, hearing, tasting, to touching, moving, and even memory. After many years of debating, scientist presents what they called the localization issue, Garret explains how Fritsch and Hitzig studied dog with conforming observations, but the cases of Phineas Gage’s accident in 1848 and Paul Broca’s autopsy of a man brain in 1861 really grabbed the attention of an enthusiastic scientific community (Garret 2015 p.6)
messages to the rest of the body. The brain is made up of many different
Moreover, EEG provides a direct and real time measurement of neural activity. The temporal resolution is of the order of a few milliseconds, which allow rapid changes in cortical function to be followed. On the other hand the spatial resolution is relatively low (6, 7).
Parkinson’s) with excellent success. The scope of indications for deep brain stimulation is increasing and now includes a variety of movement disorders, pain syndromes, epilepsy, and also psychiatric diseases (e.g. OCD)” [Marko]. Currently, deep brain stimulators are the leading implant for patients with different diseases, and they will be able to cover a wider range of disease and disorders in the future. Deep brain stimulation involves implanting a brain pacemaker into the brain. The pacemaker, also called a pulse generator, can then stimulate parts of the brain which relieves the patient from symptoms of the disease. Deep brain stimulators use the electrode in the pacemaker to send electrical pulses to parts of the brain. These pulses stimulate cells in the brain, which reduce symptoms for diseases. Stimulating the brain does work and it has worked for thousands of patients, however, scientists are not fully certain why this technology works for the brain. The performance and understanding of deep brain stimulators will improve as more data is collected through research and existing patient records.
In time domain analysis, SDNN, (standard deviation of all normal sinus RR ) an index of overall Heart Rate Variability, RMSSD (root-mean-square of the successive normal sinus RR interval) and percentage of differences between adjacent normal RR intervals exceeding 50 milliseconds (pNN50%) are studied. RMSSD and pNN50 shows greater correlation with parasympathetic nervous activity. In frequency domain analysis, spectral estimates of RR intervals is done by integrating the power as Total Power ( TP) from 0.04 to 0.40 Hz, Low frequency power(LF) from 0.04 to 0.15 Hz, HF (high frequency) power from 0.15 to 0.40 Hz .Power contained in VLF band is not calculated because of its dubious physiologic significance.
information gathered by the rest of the nervous system, once the data arrives, the brain will sort
M.M. Merzenich, J. K. (1983). Topographical reorganization of somatosensory cortial areas 3b and 1 in adult monkeys following restrictive deafferentation. Neuroscience, 33-55.
This paper involves how the brain and neurons works. The target is to display the brain and neurons behavior by sending signals. The nervous system that sends it like a text message. This becomes clear on how we exam in the brain. The techniques show how the brain create in order for the nerves about 100 billion cells. Neurons in the brain may be the only fractions of an inch in length. How powerful the brain could be while controlling everything around in. When it’s sending it signals to different places, and the neurons have three types: afferent neurons, efferent neurons, and the interneurons. In humans we see the old part of emotions which we create memories plus our brain controls heart beating, and breathing. The cortex helps us do outside of the brain touch, feel, smell, and see. It’s also our human thinking cap which we plan our day or when we have to do something that particular day. Our neurons are like pin head. It’s important that we know how our brain and neurons play a big part in our body. There the one’s that control our motions, the way we see things. Each neuron has a job to communicate with other neurons by the brain working network among each cell. Neurons are almost like a forest where they sending chemical signals. Neurons link up but they don’t actually touch each other. The synapses separates there branches. They released 50 different neurons.
The recent advances in non-invasive brain imaging, increased computational power, and advances in signal processing methods have heightened the research in this area. As we make progress in interpreting noninvasive brain signals in time we will begin to explore applications that go beyond treatment. But for now these noninvasive methods of estimating brain activity is still something to be cautious about since it only measures the brain’s blood, oxygen consumption, glucose utilization, and more. These measurements may not be accurate enough to figure out one person’s problem. The problem again might be internal and measuring only the obvious would not aid in figuring it all out.
Libet, B., C. A. Gleason, E. W. Wright, and D. K. Pearl. "Time of Conscious Intention to Act in Relation to Onset of Cerebral Activity (readiness-potential)." Brain 106.3 (1983): 623-42. Print.
It processes sensory information for all senses, except smell, to the appropriate parts of the brain in order to form responses. For example as my teammates would search for a team player to pass the ball to, my visual part of the brain then analyzed and understood that I should become available to then receive the ball. After running around, dribbling the ball, and scoring hoops, our bodies became a bit fatigue and we craved ice cold water. How do you know when you’ll become thirsty or even hungry? The hypothalamus is the reason we know when we crave such thirst and hunger.
We all know that there are basically five types of brain waves that our brain emits namely – alpha, beta, delta, gamma and theta. Each of these brain waves is measured in Hertz or in short Hz. The Hertz represents the actual number of cycles within a second. Beta waves measures in the range of 13 to 40 Hertz and it is emitted during wakefulness of our ordinary and typical day. Theta waves are naturally
(Johannes Muller, 2014). The doctrine of specific nerve energies was his most important contribution to the study of physiology of behavior. He observed that all nerves carry the same basic message, but we discern the messaged of different nerves not the same. Because of his doctrine of specific nerve, experiments were performed directly on the brain of animals, which was done by Pierre Flourens a French physiologist. This was knows as experimental ablation. There after he claimed to have found the part of the brain which was responsible for breathing, controlling heart rate, purposeful movements and auditory reflexes. Soon after this experimental ablation was applied to a human brain. This observation led to show that a portion of the cerebral cortex on the front part of the left side of the brain performs the functions that are necessary for speech. This remains important to the understanding of the brain. (Physiology of Behavior,
In general, the information will have too high or too low frequency is removed from information at this stage, because they scarc...
When the brain enters a meditative state, one of the benefits of meditation is that the brain has actually "shifted gears" from a "busy mind of Beta frequency" down to a relaxed, calm state of Alpha, Theta or for deep meditation, Delta. Our bodies automatically respond to each brainwave frequency (of Beta, Alpha, Theta or Delta) and become nervous or anxious (in Beta) or calm and relaxed (in Alpha.) Easy meditation techniques such as brainwave meditation automatically put the brain into different states, thus directing the body to respond accordingly and produce appropriate