The Movement of Water and Solutes in Plants During the process of osmosis, water molecules move from an area that is hypotonic to an area that is hypertonic. A hypotonic area is one in which has less solute and a hypertonic area is one which has more solute. Plant cells, such as the ones in the epidermis and cortex regions of the roots of the plant, all have living contents, which are enclosed by a cell surface membrane and a thick, quite inelastic cellulose cell wall. The cell wall
The Solute Concentration of a Potato To find out what the solute concentration of a potato is, this shall be done by finding out the effect of Osmosis on a potato. Prediction: That if there is more water outside the potato than inside, the potato will increase in size. If however there is less water outside the potato than within, then I shall expect the potato to shrink in size. I think this because of the laws of Osmosis. Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a partially permeable
The Effect of Solute Concentration on the Rate of Osmosis Aim: To test and observe how the concentration gradient between a potato and water & sugar solution will affect the rate of osmosis. Introduction: Osmosis is defined as, diffusion, or net movement, of free water molecules from high to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. When a substance, such as sugar (which we will be using in the experiment we are about to analyse), dissolves in water, it attracts free
The Effect of Solute Concentration on Osmosis in Potatoes AIM: to find out the effect of solute concentration on osmosis in potatoes. This is to find the equivalent osmotic potential. [IMAGE] PREDICTION: Osmosis is the movement of water particles from a high concentration to a low concentration through a partially permeable membrane. Osmosis happens when a partially permeable membrane allows small water particles to pass in or out towards a low water concentration. To reach an equivalent
Investigate the Cell Sap Concentration of Solute in a Potato Chip using Osmosis Aim The aim of the experiment is to investigate the cell sap concentration of solute in a potato chip using osmosis and produce a figure informed by the investigation as to what this is. Background Information A factor that effects how much water moves into a cell is the solute concentration within it. Water moves in and out of cells by diffusion, this diffusion is called osmosis. Osmosis is the diffusion of water
molecules from a region of their high concentration to a region of their low concentration through a partially permeable membrane. It is best regarded as a form of diffusion in which only water molecules move. For example look at Figure 2. The solute molecules are too large to pass through the pores in the membrane, so the movement of water molecules can only achieve equilibrium. Solution A has the higher concentration of water; so there will be a net movement of water from A to B by osmosis
The formula of solubility is: SOLUBILITY(g/100g)= (SOLUTE / SOLVENT) * 100 I did an experiment to prove this and find the solubility of potassium chlorate, an ionic solid. Apparatus: 2g potassium chlorates, some distilled water, a stand, a clamp, two beakers, a thermometer, a test tube, and a measuring cylinder. Method: 1. Put the potassium chlorate into the test tube, and then put 4g distilled water. 2. Then the solute (which is the salt) dissolves in water (the solvent)
sausage-shaped structures that move, change their shape and divide. They are distinct organelles with two membranes, the inner membrane and the outer membrane. The outer membrane is smooth and limits the organelle. It is highly permeable to small solutes such as molecules and ions, but it blocks off passages of proteins and other macromolecules. The inner membrane of the mitochondria is folded into shelf like structures called cristae. The cristae does not even allow the passage of small ions and
Investigate the factors affecting the rate of Osmosis Planning Osmosis is the diffusion of water from a lower concentration of solute to a higher concentration of solute, through a partially permeable membrane. In a high concentration of water the amount of solute (e.g. sucrose) is low. This could be called a weak or dilute solution. In a low concentration of water the amount of solute is high. This could be called a strong or concentrated solution. When a partially permeable membrane divides two such solutions
potential of the external solution will be equal to the water potential of the cell. (Roberts 1991) By convention, the water potential of pure water is set at zero. Knowing that solutes make the water potential of solutions lower, solutes make solutions negative. Solute potential is the amount that the solutes lower the water potential of a solution. Pressure potential is especially important in plant cells. If a plant, for example the potato tuber cells, is placed in pure water (or a
potato is cooked - what the solute of the solution is, possible change of solute My chosen input variable will be the concentration of the glucose. I have chosen this variable because it is practical and easy to regulate. It will give us clear results which will enable us to find dynamic equilibrium. Control Variables: - surface area of potato core - temperature - variety of potato, vegetable - whether the potato is cooked - what the solute of the solution is Possible
extends into the folds of the inner membrane called cristae which dramatically increase the surface area of the inner membrane. Cristae extend into a dense material called the matrix, an area which contains RNA, DNA, proteins, ribosomes and range of solutes. This is similar to the contents of the chloroplast stroma and like the chloroplast, the mitochondrion is a semi-autonomous organelles containing the machinery for the production of some of its own proteins. The main function of the mitochondrion
three different stages that the solutes can be classified in: isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic. Isotonic is when the solutions have equal amounts of solutes. Like equilibrium, there is no net change in the amount of water in either solution. When the solutions have different concentration of solutes then the one with less solute is hypotonic and the one with more solute is hypertonic. Hypotonic takes in the solute from the hypertonic side that gives away the solute. There will be a net movement
The Effectiveness of Osmosis What osmosis is? Osmosis is the net movement of a solvent through a semi permeable membrane (as of a living cell) into a solution of higher solute concentration that tends to equalize the concentrations of solute on the two sides of the membrane This means that… ================ If you were to put cell into liquid containing water one of three things will happen. · If the medium surrounding the cell has a higher water concentration than the cell
The addition of solutes decreases water potential making it more negative. Therefore it is less likely to move from one place to another. Pure water has a water potential of zero, by adding solutes you make the water potential more negative. In plants water potential depend on two things, Osmotic potential (due to presence or absence of solutes) and pressure potential (due to turgor pressure). To work out water potential you use this equation Water potential = solute potential + pressure
of the tissue because at this point there is no mass loss of gain (read off of y-axis). The water potential of each tissue was read off of graph 2. The solute potential is equal to the water potential because the pressure potential = 0. Tissue Sucrose concentration in tissue based on extrapolated data from graph 1 /mol dm-3 Solute potential read off of graph 2 /Kpa (equal to water potential /Kpa) Potato Swede Table 6 Table to show the results of the iodine test, Benedict's
very reliable and easy to perform. Aim: Our aim was to use paper chromatography to separate various inks (both permanent and water based) into their core pigments. We could use the formula Rf = the distance moved by each solute (measured to the centre of each solute stain) / the distance moved by the solvent. This would give us the Rf values for each pigment in the ink. These Rf values should be constant for each individual pigment. Apparatus: Ø Chromatography Paper Ø Three permanent
Blank 1 Blankity Blank Blankity Blank Mr. Blank 4/9/02 Effects of Salts on the Freezing Point of Water In this experiment, you will study the effect that several solutes have on the Freezing Point of water. When a solute is dissolved in a liquid, the temperature at which that liquid freezes decreases, because the molecules of the solute become attached to the water molecules, making it more difficult for the water to form its crystaline shape and form into ice. This process is called Freezing Point
SCIENCE REPORT AMMONIUM NITRATE NH4NO3 Problem Our task was to investigate what the optimum ratio of solute to solvent that will produce the maximum cooling/heating effect? Hypothesis With a smaller quantity of water (50mls) and the same amount of Ammonium Nitrate added. After any period of time the mixture will be a cooler temperature than that of a mixture with a larger quantity of water. Variables „X Water „X Teaspoons „X Time „X Ammonium Nitrate „X Thermometer „X Stirring
membranes, which only lets some water molecules flow in and out of the solution and potato chips depending on the concentration of both. In a high concentration of water the amount of solute (e.g. salt) is low. This would be called a weak or dilute solution. In a low concentration of water the amount of solute (e.g. salt) is high. This would be called a strong or concentrated solution. When two such solutions are divided by a semi-permeable membrane the water will move from the area of high