Oxygen saturation is a term referring to the concentration of oxygen in the blood. Hypoxemia describes a lower than normal level of oxygen in the blood. In order to function properly, the body needs to be above a certain level of oxygen circulating in the blood to perfuse the cells and tissues. When the oxygen level falls below this threshold, hypoxemia occurs. This may cause certain signs and symptoms to occur. Having short term low oxygen saturation can cause shortness of breath, which is generally
from both the medical team and nurses, it leads to his death as per the inquest. Patient safety was compromised. It was found that Dr. Wooller the anesthetist and Dr. Young the surgeon who operated on Mr. Hammett didn’t investigate on the significant oxygen desaturation event that occurred in PACU while he was transferred from Operation Theater. DR. young assumed it was due to obstructed airway. As Mr. Hammett had Guedels inserted. The inquest stated that the anesthetist was supposed to review the arterial
The aim of the experiment was to determine the osmolarity of the potato. In the experiment, the % mass change increased from -4.2% to 6.5% and drops to -16%. In 1%, 4% and 5% concentrations, the potato showed up as hypertonic and 2% and 3% concentrations are hypotonic. The standard deviation of concentration 3% showed up as 8, which is extremely high. It shows that the experiment of the concentration 3% was not accurate. Percentage uncertainty, which equal to the random error, was 1.33133%. The
CPAP Supplies Needed For Treating Your Sleep Apnea CPAP is a common treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. This device uses air pressure to hold your airway open while you sleep so your airway doesn't collapse and cut off your air supply. As an added bonus, CPAP can also put an end to snoring since snoring is often caused by a partially collapsed airway. When your doctor tells you to use a CPAP machine, you'll need to wear it every time you go to sleep. That means you'll need to keep your machine
Pulse Oximeter, these technologies allow measurements of oxygen saturation and carbon dioxide concentrations in blood which helps evaluate the ventilation, oxygenation, acid-base levels and oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. The development of artificial blood can eradicate any problems with blood transfusions in the future as an inexpensive and risk free alternative. An Arterial Blood Gas Analysis (ABGA) measures the oxygen saturation and carbon dioxide concentrations in blood, which indicates
This paper throughly explores the care administered to the cases study Zachy a seven year old boy who has presented to the hospital following the an exacerbation of asthma. Discussed throughout is the pharmacological management of Zachy’s asthma including the pharmacodynamics of these prescribed medications and what affect these medications have on the pathophysiology within the respiratory tract. It is within the first 24 hours of Zachy’s admission prioritised care for the patient Zachy should
the mammalian dive reflex in 2 subjects’ measuring their heart rate, blood pressure, and % arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2). Introduction All mammals, including humans, have the physiological means to survive the submersion of cold water for a greater period of time. This is called the mammalian dive reflex. Taking the subjects heart rate, blood pressure, and percentage of arteriole oxygen saturation shows the cardiac and vascular changes within the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
Channel, 2013) Atherosclerosis or the hardening and narrowing of arteries caused by the build-up of plaques, the insufficient supply of oxygen and its increasing demand are some of the factors that can cause ischemia in the myocardium (Lewis et al., 2012). When there is a total blockage of the coronary arteries for a few minutes, the myocardium cannot receive oxygen and glucose for aerobic metabolism thus anaerobic metabolism occurs (Lewis et al., 2012). The lactic acid builds up and stimulates the
would be called peripheral cyanosis (acrocyanosis). Both of these types of cyanosis disorders derive from problems in hemoglobin oxygen intake, however the body reacts differently towards central cyanosis as opposed to peripheral cyanosis.
NUI, Maynooth Abstract— This paper explains us the importance and the working of the pulse oximeter. Since oxygen is the most important thing in the human body the paper explains how the body works with the intake of oxygen and what happens when there is a reduction of oxygen in a human body. The main objective of this paper is to understand the importance of oxygen for the human body and also the importance of a great invention called pulse oximeter. The paper describes why was the pulse
Methemoglobin: An Unlikely Explanation for Cyanosis Methemoglobinemia is an uncommon but possible reason for cyanosis. Methemoglobinemia is significant because the disease is fairly rare and consequently most physicians do not consider it as a cause when diagnosing a patient with cyanosis. Regrettably, patients often get misdiagnosed and sometimes treated for the wrong disorder as a result. A two fold dilemma occurs when the patient is treated for an incorrect disorder. The first part of the dilemma
earlier discovered by Torricelli. Dalton then realized that the 760 mmHg in the atmosphere is made up of gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and a few other trace gases. The pressure given off by each of these gases is considered to be the partial pressure of the total atmospheric pressure. The percentages of these gases in the atmosphere at sea level are nitrogen 78.08%, oxygen 20.95%, carbon dioxide 0.03 %, and remaining trace gases 0.94% which make up a total of 100% in the atmosphere. As
with and end-tidal CO2 connected to the monitor is a better indicator of respiratory distress than the oxygen saturation. A rate greater than 20, oxygen saturation less than 92%, PaCO2 greater than 45, and adventious lung sounds are the first warning signs that Sharon’s respiratory status is deteriorating. Altered breathing patterns such as abnormal
break the bonds that hold water molecules together, that is why water easily evaporates at the boiling point but evaporates much slower at the freezing point. Net evaporation happens when the rate of evaporation surpasses the amount of condensation. Saturation occurs when these two process rates are equivalent when the humidity of the air is at one-hundred percent. On average, a fraction of the atoms in a glass of water has enough heat energy to escape from the liquid. Evaporation from the ocean is the
They found that by applying an electric current to water, the resulting reaction produced both oxygen and hydrogen gases. This discovery eventually gave birth to the concept of the fuel cell. In essence, a fuel cell is no more complex than performing electrolysis in reverse. In 1839, a Swiss chemist, by the name of Christian Schoenbein, performed the first fuel cell experiment wherein he combined oxygen and hydrogen to produce water and a small electric current. Only six short years later, in 1845
BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) BOD is the traditional, most widely used test to establish concentration of organic matter in wastewater samples. BOD is based on the principle that if sufficient oxygen is available, aerobic biological decomposition (i.e., stabilization of organic waste) by microorganisms will continue until all waste is consumed. The BOD test is also known as "BOD5" since it is based on the accurate measure of DO (dissolved oxygen) at the beginning and end of a five-day period in
Oxygen was first admitted to the client with chest pain over 100 years ago (Metcalfe, 2011). Chest pain is a large bracket that can contain many different conditions, but for the purpose of this analysis it is focused manly upon a myocardial infarction. A myocardial infarction is mainly referred to as a heart attack, and occurs when one or more coronary arteries leading to the heart reduce or completely stop blood flow (Tuipulotu, 2013 ). Administering high concentrations of oxygen to patients with
tissue. Due to which oxygen saturated blood absorbs differing quantities of light compared with unsaturated blood, the amount of light that is immersed by the blood can be used to calculate the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin and shown as the oxygen saturation. Moreover, the patient's heart rate may be calculated by taking the frequency that pulses occur as the blood travels through the vascular bed. Thus, this pulse oximeter can be used to determine oxygen saturation and pulse rate
out their life processes. Respiration is the chemical process of releasing energy from glucose, and in the case of aerobic respiration, in the presence of oxygen. Gas exchange is the physical process by which the oxygen n is absorbed from the air and into the blood stream and carbon dioxide is released. Gas exchange is a two-way diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide into and out of cells across a semi permeable membrane. Gas exchange efficiency can be increased by a number of variables, there must
Dissolving Oxygen Introduction In this lab, you will be testing the levels of oxygen in water samples with different temperatures and water samples exposed to different light distances. This will show us where the most oxygen is produced, which is where most of the organisms are. The relationship between oxygen and carbon assimilation is when oxygen is being produced the the photosynthesis plants, they release oxygen. In turn, it is then being inhaled by an organism that needs oxygen, releasing