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Dalton’s Law
As we think of rules that we inadvertently follow every day without even realizing it like speed limits and wearing seatbelts, respiratory therapists must remember that there are gas laws we follow every day without realizing it also. This paper will focus on a gas law called Dalton’s law of partial pressures. For respiratory therapists to fully understand the importance of Dalton’s law, we must explain what this law states, how it applies to respiratory care, and what advancements in technology have been made to modify the use of this law.
In the early 1800’s, a scientist by the name of John Dalton developed a theory which we now refer to as Dalton’s law of partial pressure. John Dalton developed this law by experimenting with the gases in the atmosphere. “Dalton's experiments on gases led to his discovery that the total pressure of a mixture of gases amounted to the sum of the partial pressures that each individual gas exerted while occupying the same space”(A+E Networks, 2013). Mathematically, Dalton explained this law by stating, Ptotal= P1+P2+P3……Pn. These preliminary experiments that Dalton performed were based on the original 760 torr or 760 mmHg that had been earlier discovered by Torricelli. Dalton then realized that the 760 mmHg in the atmosphere is made up of gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and a few other trace gases. The pressure given off by each of these gases is considered to be the partial pressure of the total atmospheric pressure. The percentages of these gases in the atmosphere at sea level are nitrogen 78.08%, oxygen 20.95%, carbon dioxide 0.03 %, and remaining trace gases 0.94% which make up a total of 100% in the atmosphere.
As we think about Dalton’s law of partial pressures...
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... partial pressures. Over many years of development, we now widely use oxygen therapy to treat individuals with altitude sickness, and can use hyperbaric oxygen therapy to treat divers affected by decompression sickness. As respiratory therapists, we owe the success of these two treatments to a scientist by the name of John Dalton for the development of Dalton’s law of partial pressures.
A E Networks. (2013). John dalton biography. Retrieved from http://www.biography.com/people/john-dalton-9265201?page=1 Harvard Health Publications. (2013). Decompression sickness. Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/health-guide/decompression-sickness.html Pendleton , L. D. (1999, November 07). When humans fly high:what pilots should know about high altitude physiology, hypoxia, and rapid decompression. Retrieved from http://www.avweb.com/news/aeromed/181893-1.html?redirected=1
These tried and tested men have willingly placed themselves in danger day in and day out yearning for the spot up the ladder to the top of the pyramid. It was not just a job for these pilots to break the sound barrier and beyond, but rather an obsession to become the next man at the top:
Ward, A. M. (2012). Core Values: Key Ingredients for the Perfect Airman. Retrieved from http://
This essay describes how the anaesthetic machine and airway management equipment are prepared in operating theatres and discusses how they are ensured safe for use. It evaluates the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland (AAGBI) guidelines related to safe practice and the preparation of the ET tubes, laryngeal masks, guedels, Naso pharyngeal airways and the laryngoscope. The function of the anaesthetic workstation is to deliver a mixture of anaesthetic agents and gases safely to the patient during the induction process and throughout surgery. In addition, it also provides ventilation to support breathing and monitors the patient’s vital signs to minimise the anaesthetic risks to the patient whilst in the care of health professionals. The pre-use check is vital to patient safety as an inadequate check of the anaesthetic machine or airway management equipment can and does lead to significant harm of the patient including mortality (Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), 2008 and Magee, 2012).
Handling and operating an airplane comes with great risk, but these risks that are present are handled with very different attitudes and dealt with in different ways depending on the environment the pilots are in.
The Iron lung was one of the first medical advances made in the field of biomedical engineering (“Iron” par. 7). Philip Drinker, a professor at Harvard University, was the first person to invent an artificial respirator: the iron lung (Pendergast 119). Drinker was an American born who majored in chemical engineering (Schlager par. 2). He invented the iron lung in the year 1928 (Baughman 343). With the development of the iron lung, Philip Drinker established a way to save a patient’s life (Pendergast 119). He developed a machine that could work on anybody, no matter their body type (“Iron” par. 4). The iron lung, sometimes known as the Drinker tank, was invented to be used as an artificial respirator. This invention, however, was a means to keep patients with Poliomyelitis breathing, but it could not be used as a cure (“Poliomyelitis par. 7).
In the case study it is the left lung that is in distress, and as the pressure increases within the left lung it can cause an impaired venus return to the right atrium (Daley, 2014). The increased pressure can eventually affect the right lung as the pressure builds in the left side and causes mediastinal shift which increases pressure on the right lung, which decreases the patients ability to breath, and diffuse the bodies tissues appropriately. The increase in pressure on the left side where the original traum... ... middle of paper ... ... 14, January 29).
John Dalton John Dalton, born 6th September 1766, is known for developing the theory of the elements and compounds, atomic mass and weights and his research in colour blindness. He was born in Eaglesfield, Cumberland (now known as Cumbria). In school he was so successful that at the age of 12 he became a teacher. In 1785 he became one of the principles and in 1787 he made a journal that was later made into a book, describing his thoughts on mixtures of gases and how each gas acted independently and the mixtures pressure (which is the same as the gases volume if it had one). Therefore, the law of partial pressure was made.
The second intervention to improve gas exchange related to ineffective airway clearance is the use of a positive expiratory pressure device (PEP). PEP devices work by providing constant backwards pressure on the airways during expiration.
Medical technology today has achieved remarkable feats in prolonging the lives of human beings. Respirators can support a patient's failin...
Next Dalton’s law of partial pressure is used. The mixture of gas in the graduated cylinder was filled with two things: water vapor and air. Using the Dalton’s law, it can be concluded that the total pressure is equal to the pressure of air and the pressure of water vapor added together. This is an endothermic reaction which means that it absorbs heat, and when a reaction gains heat, it is repres...
Air Crash Investigations: Cockpit Failure (S10E01). (2014, March 5). Retrieved May 19, 2014, from Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1FG8gOKMoo
Ascertaining the adequacy of gaseous exchange is the major purpose of the respiratory assessment. The components of respiratory assessment comprises of rate, rhythm, quality of breathing, degree of effort, cough, skin colour, deformities and mental status (Moore, 2007). RR is a primary indicator among other components that assists health professionals to record the baseline findings of current ventilatory functions and to identify physiological respiratory deterioration. For instance, increased RR (tachypnoea) and tidal volume indicate the body’s attempt to correct hypoxaemia and hypercapnia (Cretikos, Bellomo, Hillman, Chen, Finfer, & Flabouris, 2008). The inclusive use of a respiratory assessment on a patient could lead to numerous potential benefits. Firstly, initial findings of respiratory assessment reveals baseline data of patient’s respiratory functions. Secondly, if the patient is on respiratory medication such as salbutamol and ipratropium bromide, the respiratory assessment enables nurses to measure the effectiveness of medications and patient’s compliance towards those medications (Cretikos, Bellomo, Hillman, Chen, Finfer, & Flabouris, 2008). Thirdly, it facilitates early identification of respiratory complications and it has the potential to reduce the risk of significant clinical
Simmon, David A. (1998). Boeing 757 CFIT Accident at Cali, Columbia, Becomes Focus of Lessons Learned. Flight Safety Digest.
Quantitative measurements on gases were first made in a rational manner by the English chemist Robert Boyle (1627 - 1691). The instruments used by Boyle to measure pressure were two: the manometer, which measures differences in pressure, and the barometer, which measures the total pressure of the atmosphere.
15 Dec. 2013. McDonnell, Michael. The. The "Flight 19" Flight 19. N.p., n.d. Web.