Statistics, in general, is a mathematical concept related to the analysis and presentation of data. Ideally, statistics are used to interpret data and make informed decisions. Unfortunately, statistics are often used inappropriately or outright incorrectly in an effort to persuade the uninformed. The informed individual approaches statistical claims and figures in an objective but judicious manner. The online statistics education course authored primarily by David M. Lane provides an introduction
produces numbers which don’t have any pattern in them. Although using computational algorithms involves adding pattern to the resulting sequence of numbers. We focussed on generating uniformly distributed random numbers between (0,1) since the same distribution can be used to get numbers from different ranges. We all know that LCG is well known method for giving a sequence of randomized numbers using linear equation but it still has some issues. We have done 9 different tests on our RNG and have come
Probability Distribution Functions I summarize here some of the more common distributions utilized in probability and statistics. Some are more consequential than others, and not all of them are utilized in all fields.For each distribution, I give the denomination of the distribution along with one or two parameters and betoken whether it is a discrete distribution or a perpetual one. Then I describe an example interpretation for a desultory variable X having that distribution. Each discrete
constant for a given truck (or agiven equipment). For a given truck with , the lease contract ceases at for 0 < ∞. Let be the conditional hazard function for the time to first failure for a given dump truck. As it is a repairable item, then failures are appropriate to model using the conditional hazard function . It is considered as a non-decreasing function of the age t and the usage rate y. We assume that is given by which is allowed to incorporate the age and usage for modeling the degradation
P is the current price of the stock. N (d1) is the area under the normal distribution corresponding to (d1). X is the strike price. RRF is the risk ratio. t is time to mature. N (d2) is the area under the normal distribution corresponding to (d2). s, or sigma, is the volatility of stock prices, as measured by standard deviation. Looking at these equations we see that first you have to solve d1 and
Figure 4.1: Sieve Analysis • Fine To determine the grain size distribution of material passing the 75m sieve the hydrometer method is commonly used. The soil is mixed with water and a dispersing agent, stirred vigorously, and then allowed to settle to the bottom of a measuring cylinder. As the soil particles settle out of suspension, the specific gravity of the mixture reduces. One hydrometer is used to record the variation of specific gravity with time, Figure 4.2. By making use of Stoke’s Law
Over the last decades, the issue ' reverse logistics' has been moved much higher up the agenda, owing to the increasing environmental awareness, regulatory initiatives and economic pressure. Individual companies have gradually included the backward flows of end-of-life and end-of-use products within their scope of logistics planning and control, to increase their efficiency and effectiveness and create more sustainable supply chain. The purpose of this work is to investigate a single period supply
The Kaplan–Meier estimator is a product limit estimator that is used for estimating the survival function from lifetime data [24]. The aim of this estimator is to estimate a population of patients’ survival curve from a sample. This estimator is used in addition to the Receiver-operator characteristic ROC curve to evaluate the performance of the prediction model [25-27]. Of course, if every patient is followed until death, the curve may be estimated simply by computing the fraction surviving at each
Precipitation index (SPI-n, where n = 3, 6, 9 and 12 months accumulation period) as an index of meteorological drought. SPI represents a statistical z-score or the number of standard deviations (following a probability distribution, usually Gamma and back transformed to standard normal distribution) above or below that an event is from the mean (McKee et al. 1993; Sims et al., 2002). SPI is spatially invariant and probabilistic in nature and able to capture different drought states ranging from short, medium
topics globally. This is mainly because of its significance to the society. According to Kagel and Roth (29), economics is a social science that examines how societies manage their scarce resources. Generally, economics studies the production, distribution as well as the consumption of goods and services. Economics also examines how people, firms, governments as well as countries make decisions on the allocation of resources for purposes of satisfying their wants and needs (Kagel and Roth 30). It
between 1,000 and 1,700 hours of parental reading, compared to the average of only 25 hours for children from a typical low-income home. Blue Sheet Kindergarten teachers rank social-emotional skills and executive functions as the qualities most important for school readiness. Executive functions and behavioral regulation have been found to remain important in predicting of academic outcomes even when intelligence is included. No differences were found in school readiness between economically disadvantaged
of market efficiency are tests to find out whether all information... ... middle of paper ... ...d from publicly available information. Other researchers have performed time series analysis on stock returns as well as on the cross sectional distribution of returns of individual stocks to find out if profit opportunities exist (Damodaran, 1996; Reilly and Brown 2003). 4.3. Strong Form Tests of Market Efficiency Finally, strong form tests of market efficiency are tests of whether the information
grid or isolated grid", can be defined as a set of electricity generators and possibly energy storage systems interconnected to a distribution network that supplies electricity to a localized group of customers. This power delivery architecture can be contrasted to a single customer system such as in the case of a solar home system (SHS). Where there is no distribution network interconnecting customers it can be connected to a centralized grid systems, where electrical energy is transmitted over large
‘need’ principle is required to underline the attention of criminogenic necessities in the strategy and distribution of restoration; Lastly 3) the ‘responsivity’ principle is required to illustrate how the restoration should be delivered, capitalising
conceptualized by organizations differently. Organization has multiple goals or functions to achieve and also exist in an environment beclouded with unpredictable inputs. Organizations are social system and several parties have their stake in organizations, hence, they do not exist in isolation. For an organization to survive, it must have the capacity to adapt, maintain itself and grow, regardless of the particular function it fulfils(Khanka, 2008). Greenberg (1987) suggested that a surviving organization
The long estimation window used in this study is because it included the y-intercept and slope of the prices in calculating the expected return when the market model is chosen to evaluate the abnormal return (Wong, 2011). There is a study of Brockett, Chen and Garven mentioned that the beta in the market model varies over the time and was used to account for the temporal changes in the return process (Pynnonen, 2005). Besides that, the event window suggested in the study of Teall (as cited by Phua
A Comparison of Broadsheet Newspapers with Tabloid Newspapers Investigation 1 Hypothesis 1 "Broadsheet newspapers have a longer average word length than tabloid newspapers" My theory is that broadsheet newspapers use a more complex style of language. In effect I think this will result in a longer average word length in a broadsheet than in a tabloid newspaper. Both newspapers will have a large amount of short word included in the articles, however, this can not be avoided due
[3] Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Erwin Kreyszig, 6th Edition, pg. 1025-26, 1988. [4] LTE and the Evolution to 4G Wireless: Design and Measurement Challenges, Agilent Technologies, 2nd Edition, chapter 6, April 1, 2013. [5] Cumulative Distribution Plots, MathWorks, R2014a Documentation [6] Condition Number of a Matrix, MathWorks, R2014a Documentation [7] Rohde & Schwarz: “Assessing a MIMO Channel”, Application Note 1SP18, 2010
Statistical Investigation Introduction I have chosen to do this statistical coursework that uses data from 'Mayfield High School.' Although this is a fictitious school, the data is based on a real school. As the data has been collected for me, it is called secondary data. I believe that this coursework will allow me to illustrate my ability to handle data, use specific techniques and apply higher level statistical maths by being able to use a variety of methods in order to analyse
1.1 Introduction to Contrast Enhancement: Image enhancement is a methodology including changing the pixels' power of the information picture with the goal that the yield picture ought to subjectively looks better [1]. The motivation behind picture improvement is to enhance the interpretability or recognition of data held in the picture for human viewers, or to give a "finer" info for other mechanized picture preparing frameworks. Contrast improvement is a valuable strategy for preparing investigative