Figure 4.1: Sieve Analysis • Fine To determine the grain size distribution of material passing the 75m sieve the hydrometer method is commonly used. The soil is mixed with water and a dispersing agent, stirred vigorously, and then allowed to settle to the bottom of a measuring cylinder. As the soil particles settle out of suspension, the specific gravity of the mixture reduces. One hydrometer is used to record the variation of specific gravity with time, Figure 4.2. By making use of Stoke’s Law, which relates the terminal velocity of a free falling sphere to its diameter, the test data is reduced to provide particle diameters and the % by weight of the sample finer than a particular particle size. Figure 4.2: Sedimentation Analysis Retained in each sieve (gm) 2 Percentage on each sieve Rn 3 Cumulative %tage retained on each sieve Rn 4 % finer 100 - Rn 5 Remarks Draw graph of log sieve size vs % finer. The graph is known as grading curve (see Figure 4.3). 2. Obtain diameters designated as D10, D30, D60 corresponding to 10%, 30% and 60% finer from the graph. 3. Determine the percentages of Clay, silt, fine sand, coarse sand and gravel : Clay = ˂ 0.002 mm; Silt = 0.002 - 0.02 mm; Fine sand = 0.02 - 0.2 mm; Coarse sand = 0.2 - 2.0 mm Gravel = ˃ 2.0 mm 4. Calculate Cu and Cg Uniformity Coefficient Cu = D60/D10 4.4 Coefficient of Gradation or Coefficient of Curvature Cg Cg = (D30)2/ D60 x D10 4.6 5. Comment on the results and soil Besides determining the particle sizes and frequency of their occurrence, some conclusions can be drawn on their grading. A soil can be said to be well graded or poorly graded or gap-graded depending on the particle size distribution curve. 6. The number or sizes of sieves in the nest depends on the type of soil and the distribution of the particle sizes. Sieve numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 are typically used in classifying
These pebbles were picked out randomly. We took 100 pebbles from each end and measured their length using a ruler and used the shape chart to decide what shape the pebbles were. First we had go... ... middle of paper ... ... ehicle.
surface area by taking a sample of 10 or 20 - this would give a good
The alluviam sediments (sand, gravel, and silt) were deposited in a fluvial environment along the creek. Sand, gravel, and silt-sized grains are commonly
The figure below shows graph was plotted based on the sieve analysis result. The graph shows the curve for the soil sample A, B and C.
Before running the test, the depth of the overlaying water inside each core was adjusted to 12.7 cm (5 in). The grid was also adjusted such that the lower surface was 5.08 cm (2 in) above the sediment surface (the grid oscillated between 5.08 and 7.62 cm above the interface).
Apparatus A ball – A marble A plastic rectangular tray – about 40cm by 25 Some sand – fills up to about 2/3 of the tray 2 Rulers – one for drop height (1m) - one for measuring the depth (15cm) Clamp and Stand 2 planks of wood – light wood/palsa (so that it doesn’t sink) Splinters – 10 cm long and 0.3mm wide Method:
material is sorted by meltwater at the snout. as it moves away carrying capacity decreases so less is carried. varves- layer if silt on top of sand on top of coarse material. form where there was a glacial lake. as discharge decreases the river can only carry finer material.
The bubbles forms become more spread out when the pressure drop increases because the pressure acting on the holes of the sieve trays causes to push the bubbles against the other bubbles.
Grain size refers to a diameter of an individual particle and grain shape refers to the roundness or how close the shape is to a sphere. Navajo’s grain size averages at 0.2 millimeters in diameter and grain shape is well rounded and well sorted. Pottsville grain size averages at 3.81 centimeters in diameter and it is also well rounded, but it is not well sorted. Porosity is a measure (using meters) of how much empty space is in a rock and permeability is the measure (using Darcy) of ease in which liquid can move through a rock. Navajo’s porosity varies from 1.2% to 15% and the permeability ranges from 0.06md to 54md. Pottsville’s porosity varies from 11% to 15% and the permeability
This investigation was mainly solved through observing a series of patterns and shapes. The most common formula used was A = L*B. Substituting numbers was the easiest way of solving the area problems.
The Effect of Salt Solution Concentration On The Mass Of Potatoes Introduction = == == == ==
35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80 beads. The experiment was
The first experiment used was that of the Comparative Yield Method. This method requires two sets of data to be collected in order to get relevant inferences about the area. The grass biomasses are classed according to a three-class system. The classes are based on the biomass of the grasses in a given quadrat. The quadrat with a high biomass is a rank 3, whereas a quadrat with a low biomass has a rank of 1. In between these two is obviously a rank 2. If a quadrat has an intermittent value, then a rank of 1.5 or 2.5 can be given. The first set of data collected is to calibrate the classes, so three samples of each rank are cut and dried to be weighed later. This is done to get an idea of how much biomass is present per rank. The second set of data collected is done by taking a random transect of about 25 metres and noting the ranks at each meter interval. These points are recorded used to make inferences on the available biomass in the area.
In experiment 5, we are learning about density and specific gravity in measurements. Density is measured by mass divided by volume in order to get the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume. Specific gravity, on the other hand, is the density of a substance divided by the density of water and will cancel out the units in order to get a unitless measurement. Mass and Volume can be measured in two different ways, first mass can be calculated by directly placing it on the triple beam scale directly, or by weighing the difference. Volume can be calculated by displacement in the graduated cylinder or by calculating its dimensions. In this experiment, the objectives were to calculate the density of a solid by measuring its mass and volume,
Log is a file that records the events which happens while an operating system or software runs [1]. It may include any activity such as information about a simple keystroke, the complete record of communication between two machines, system errors, inter-process communication, update events, server activities, client sessions, browsing history, etc. Logs provide a good insight into various states of a system at any instant and their analytical and statistical study can manage systems and mine useful knowledge about a user on various aspects. Log data is voluminous, growing at a very fast rate, with varying structure across various applications, usages, servers, etc. It possesses the key characteristics of the Big Data which include volume, velocity, variety and value.