Analytical Chemistry Analytical Chemistry is the branch of chemistry principally concerned with determining the chemical composition of materials, which may be solids, liquids, gases, pure elements, compounds, or complex mixtures. In addition, chemical analysis can characterize materials but determining their molecular structures and measuring such physical properties as pH, color, and solubility. Wet analysis involves the studying of substances that have been submerged in a solution and microanalysis
Analytical Chemistry: Analytical chemistry includes analysis of different chemical components. This analysis is generally of two types. It is either Quantitative analysis or Qualitative analysis. The chemical components under observation can be naturally existing as well as artificially created compounds/elements. The process of analyzing also involves determining the accuracy and precision of our measurement and also learning about the errors that may appear in our measurements due to different
Quinn Little CHEM 4614 Dr. Jennifer Jamison 4/30/2014 Countercurrent Chromatography Separations are important techniques in chemistry that are used to separate various components of a mixture. They are carried out by mixing two immiscible liquids containing certain solutes together in a separatory funnel, allowing them to separate, then extracting the distinct layers that form. The ratio of the concentration of solute present in the upper layer to the concentration in the lower layer is called
Chromatography is a method of separating and analyzing complicated substances. This is done in two phases, a mobile phase and a stationary phase .During the stationary phase, said substance is stationary, while during the mobile phase, the substance moves in a specific direction. During the mobile phase, the substance is filtered through the stationary phase. The stationary phase in necessary in order for the substances to be separated even though it doesn?t involve movement of the substance because
"How the AAS Works." YouTube. Vic Space Sci Education Centre, 01 May 2011. Web. 26 Jan. 2014. . "Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) -." EasyChem. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014. "Ultraviolet/Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis)." YouTube. Royal Society of Chemistry, 28 Sept. 2008. Web. 26 Jan. 2014. . Gallik, Stephen. "Spectrophotometry: Transmittance and Absorbance." Cell Biology OLM. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014. .
To identify inks of similar color from one another from mere observation is near impossible since colors can look identical to the human eye while differing in composition. Therefor, further examination of the components of the ink is needed. Ink is a mixture of substances and these substances have varying molecular polarities. The intrinsic properties of the components of the ink allows for the separation of ink through adsorption chromatography, where the ink is separated based on the attraction
Filtration – This is an experiment whereby inorganic and displacement chemical reactions take place to collect a salt and produce water through the process of filtration. The chemicals used were a metal oxide, in this case, copper oxide and a dilute acid, sulphuric acid, aiming to separate the copper and oxygen to collect the pure copper (II) ions, which is a soluble salt. The colour should be a very characteristic blue. Sulfuric acid is added to a beaker. A tripod and Bunsen burner is set up and
Motivation for Research and Objectives Louisiana contains approximately 40% of the coastal wetlands of the lower forty-eight states. Louisiana has lost up to forty square miles of marsh per year for several decades (accounting for 80% of the nation’s annual coastal wetland loss) (lacoast.gov). From a hydrologic standpoint, the wetlands replenish aquifers, hold excess floodwaters from intense rainfalls, and provide storm surge protection. The Nation also benefits from Louisiana’s coastal lands
Separating Components Of A Solution Using Chromatography Introduction In this lab, solutions were separated by polarity and affinity to solids by chromatography. Chromatography is the separation of a mixture, where the components move at different rates up a medium. The medium used was chromatography paper, matched with a series of developers to aid in movement of compounds upwards. The distance moved up the paper is measured and the rf is calculated. The distance the pigments traveled is divided
The extraction procedure isolates the pigments in spinach that will be used in the TLC analysis by leaving the insoluble properties behind. Each step serves a purpose in doing so, for example, the spinach is blended into a puree in order facilitate the centrifuge process. 75/25 hexane/acetone solution is used in the blending process because hexane alone is not enough and acetone alone is miscible in water. Anhydrous sodium sulfate is used to dry the organic solution after it has been through the
such as chocolate. The amount of caffeine will vary within coffee brands and in different chocolate bars, but through analytical methods we can determine an amount in each. We can then compare the results to find whether there is more caffeine in chocolate or in coffee. For this experiment I will give a brief overview of caffeine, theobromine, coffee and chocolate. Through analytical methods, I will show that there is more caffeine present in a single serving of coffee than in a chocolate bar. Caffeine
Adsorption chromatography Adsorption chromatography utilizes the principle of differing in strength of adsorption of gas or liquid solutes (also known as mobile phase) onto column material (also known as stationary phase) by non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen or hydrophobic interactions. Separation is achieved by a series of adsorption and desorption of mobile phase solutes. Those with lower affinity and adsorption to stationary phase move faster and eluted out first while those with greater adsorption
diffraction, D: Surface properties 1. Introduction One of the Science, Technology and Society challenges is the resulting pollutions from the production of nuclear power that human is faced today. Nuclear power has been widely applied in the world and provides approximately 17% of the world’s electricity [1, 2]. However, the widely applications of nuclear energy will produce consequent high-level radioactive waste (HLW), which is increasing about 12000 metric tons every year and includes various
Abstract: Using Ion Exchange Chromatography, cellulase was purified. After purification, it was analyzed using a DNS test. The purified protein did not respond to the DNS the way it was expected to. Introduction: Purifying proteins is an important part of biology because it can help identify the function of that protein. Once a protein’s function has been identified, it can be manipulated to see how the function would change if the protein was changed. A common way to purify a protein is through
This lab used thin-layer chromatography to analyze the polarity of an Analtech dye mixture and the polarity of pigments isolated from a spinach leaf using liquid-liquid extraction. Chromatography is a method of separating mixtures into their pure compounds. The separation occurs because the intermolecular attractions in the mixture differ in their polarity. The stationary phase also has intermolecular attractions. Separation occurs as the mobile phase passes over the stationary phase. All types of
Drugs are a included in many of the criminal justice cases in the US so the need to have well trained analysts is important as well as having correct equipment and tests to analysis the drugs properly. There are Scientific Working Groups for many of the different disciplines of forensic science, including drugs. The NAS Report has recently come out taking about what changes should be made in the forensic science arena. There is an every multiplying amount of drugs in the world because new ones
Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to identify the numerous volatile compounds not listed on the label, determine the quantity of chloride present, and to determine the various species of citrate and phosphate present in Gatorade. The volatile compounds in sports drinks are usually labeled as “natural flavors” and were identified using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS). The quantity and determination of chloride was determined using the ion selective electrode (ISE) method
It is the ability of the analytical method to relate the obtained results over a specific given range through mathematical equations or proportional to the concentration of the analyte in the sample in that specific range. Accordingly, Linearity is an important tool to assure that the response of the Area Under Concentration will be later translated into the correct percentage of that analyte in the sample The linearity can be achieved by transforming from for example log, square root or reciprocal
Chromatography is a method used to separate the analyte that needs to be studied from the sample. Two phases include in this method that is stationary phase where it does not move and the mobile phase, which is the fluid that transport in the system. In mobile stage, the fluid can be liquid or gas contingent on the types of chromatography being utilized. In chromatography, the sample is first dissolved in the mobile phase before proceeding through the stationary stage. In stationary phase
Candy Chromatography Lab Paper chromatography is the ability to separate specific parts of a mixture, in order to identify its content. There are many forms of chromatography, but paper chromatography tends to work with substances such as dyes, inks, or any colored chemical. In the fields of biology, paper chromatography benefits police that need to test blood. It can also be used by chemists to test substances in their labs. Lastly, it can be used to identify compounds that may be in a plant substance