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Social Movements for civil rights
Social Movements for civil rights
Social Movements for civil rights
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This extract from the article The Politics of Assembly: Building an Urban Ecology from A16 is talking about the eve of the April 16th (A16) protests in Washington DC against the IMF and World Bank meetings in 2000. On A16 a large number of people, which included artists, environmentalists, feminists, anti-neoliberalists, gay activists, dancers, etc. assembled at the Capitol “(…) as part of a polyphonic refusal of globalization without representation” (Doan, R. et.al). The protest was filled with music, art, scenery, and dancing. A large number of people were arrested for protesting, but that didn´t stop the protest to continue.
This specific protest helps as an example of the new trend of activism that use as a model the 1999 Seattle protests against the WTO –which was the turning point of the emergence of a new actor in the political and societal arenas, both locally and internationally-. These movements –A16 in DC, the Seattle protests, Occupy Wall Street, etc.- have not the aim of gathering in a straightforward and violent form, but in a pacific and `fun’ way, and to protest against the ongoing disbelief of the current free-market and democratic world system. As some may misinterpret, these movements are not a rise against globalization, but a rise against the economic effects of capitalism. We can observe the goals, visions and targets of the new alter-activist movements in a small extract of Randal Doane´s A Postmodern Lorax Manifesto for the A16 Warriors (2000) –which was printed and distributed throughout the streets in the A16 protest-:
But enough on these lords, and their Gluppity-Glup,
Made by their machines that muck the rivers all up
Let´s think of a way, not just to stop all these jerks
But to make life a pleasure, ...
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...of such activism is reflected in the massiveness of movements such as Occupy Wall Street, the Indignados, etc. By maintaining their distance from the bureaucratic underpinnings of politics and living their day-to-day in forms which they consider to be the right alternative to the current neoliberal social, ecological, economical, and political structures, and by broadcasting them and creating networks of like-minded people, young activists are increasing their political power by affecting the public opinion and challenging neoliberal practices. Though these movements still have to face the fact that even if a truly functional alternative to neoliberalism is presented, there´s no assurance that it will be adopted and that things will truly change. But the path is still being constructed, and these movements have continued to achieve a lot in terms of social justice.
The activist youth represented were not only concerned about themselves but also about their communities. An important aspect of activism defined by the girls in the book is ‘collectiveness,’ instead of the ‘individualism.’ Emphasizing activism as collective, rather than individual action and highlighting their organizational affiliations, rejects the conception of activism as an act of heroic individuals (Taft, p.44). For example in Mexico City, girl activists engage in a street performance at the Zócalo on Día de los Muertos to raise social and political awareness. In Buenos Aires, students take over school offices to have their demands fulfilled. Activism, according to the girls, is beyond protests.
Throughout history, social movements have continuously formed because of a person who had the courage to stand up against the injustice they witnessed in every day live. When I was a child, I remember feeling as if it takes a superhero-like person to start a social movement. However, I have found that through the use of social media today, any person with a passion for making a change can spark a social movement. Social movements are a powerful way to help people believe that their voice matters and they should stand up for what they believe in. Before the advancement of technology, it took a lot longer for social movements to become prominent in society’s media outlets because of the difficulties of not having enough time in one’s life to
Protests have long been a way for people to display their difference in opinion and gain support. One of the many protests against the war that had a powerful effect on public opini...
Globalization, the term used to describe the dominant framework of international relations following the cold war, is affecting many aspects of politics and social experience. This is seen in the Zapatista rebellion and movement in Chiapas, Mexico that has benefited from globalization and transnational support. This paper examines the relationship of transnationalism and social movements with the Zapatistas as a case study. In particular, this paper argues that the Zapatistas are part of the anti-globalization cycle of protest. As a result, they have used the master frame of this cycle of protest and aligned that frame in light of their particular situation. Because this frame was resonant with transnational activists a network of support was formed, which pressures the government from above, increasing the chances of success of a movement. The paper concludes by examining the implications of the Zapatistas for social movement research, with particular regard for Tarrow’s “strong thesis” about movements in a transnational era
Buechler, Steven M., & F. Kurt Cylke, Jr. Social Movements: Perspectives and Issues . Toronto: Mayfield Publishing Company, 1997.
Without meeting these three intertwined characteristics, the social movement in question cannot be successful. The Occupy Wall Street movement for example, as mentioned previously, is lacking leadership and organization and its common purpose was very wide, as it focused on social and economic inequality worldwide. It would have probably succeeded if the movement had broken down the claims they made in small movements. Contrastingly, feminist movements embody perfectly this idea, as they each fought for one cause, from the legal right to file complaints independently to contraception. By taking the problem of gender inequality as a basis, they succeeded in taking issues like voting, contraception or matrimonial rights, in the prospect of making changes in society. So today, we can affirm that the feminist movement is succeeding, as it still criticizes current issues. Also, as seen before, sustaining contentious adds the success determinant of other new issues emerge from them, as it brings new political opportunities, by the dissolution of constraints in society. In the end, the key to success of social movements is adaptation to the context, and the flexibility of the movements’
The working class, faced with all the struggles that capitalism puts it through, is bound to revolt against the ruling class. During the 19th century, Marx states that “the workers begin to form combinations (Trades’ Unions) against the bourgeois; they club together in order to keep up the rate of wages; they found permanent associations in order to make provision beforehand for these occasional revolts. Here and there, the contest breaks out into riots.” Today, the working class hosts manifestations and form multiple organizations to help them through their struggles. In New York, the Occupy Wall Street movement organizes marches to demand fairer laws, such as universal health
For a movement that impacted the country both socially and politically, the occupy movement started out relatively small. According to Peter Katel of the CQ Researcher, a group of 1,000 protesters settled into Zuccotti Park, in New York City, in mid-September of 2011. This group, motivated by the growing chasm between the wealthy and middle classes hoped that non-violent protest could enlighten lawmakers and bring about economic change. The movement spread from New York to cities across America. The driving force behind the movement was a desire to change national policy, which favors the rich at the expense of the poor. There was a strong push against the movement as well. Many people (mainly conservatives) saw the occupy movement as an attempt to over through the American political system and in its place, impose a communist form of government. Major newspapers such as The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times compare the occupy movement to the Soviet communist uprising. William F. Jasper a writer for The New American, states, “The leading activists openly display their communist, Marxist, socialist, anarchist affiliations and orientations. One would have to be totally blind and totally dishonest not to notice this. The purpose of Mr. Jasper’s article was to show the contrast between the tea party who “paid for permits, police, security, and port-a-potties, and cleaned up after themselves; they did not stick the taxpayers with the tab,” and the occupy movement which he described as a violent communist uprising bent on overthrowing the government. Oddly enough the members of the occupy movement used this Marxist label as a rallying point. This created a peculiar situation in which each side used the term communism in an atte...
“Transnational Activism and Global Transformations: The Anti-Apartheid and Abolitionist Experiences” a study conducted by Audie Klotz looks to transnational activism as a social movement to encourage the formation of new socioeconomic systems and overall global transformation. Klotz draws upon two major historical events where transnational activism was relatively successful: the abolitionist movement following the civil war and the contemporary civil unrest in South Africa brought on by the apartheid. Klotz turns to these social movements as critical transnational participants that provide socioeconomic and political changes globally by means of massive mobilization.
In America, protest has been used throughout history as a vehicle to change. Protests bring attention to issues that would or could be overlooked or ignored. A current protest receiving national attention in our media is the Occupy Wall Street (OWS) protest. The Occupy Wall Street protest, along with other Occupy branch protests are essentially ineffective protests. When compared to successful protests in the past, they are not having as much success gaining public support. There are many reasons this could be the case. There is no clearly defined goal or a specified outcome resulting from the protests. They are managing their funds inefficiently and in many cities they are creating more problems than they are solving.
...rrain: the need for self-realization in everyday life” (Melucci 1989, p. 23). What makes the contemporary movements distinctive from tradtional movements is that it is active on variuos levels within and outside of the political sephere. Moreover, (Melucci 1989, p. 75) argues that contomberary movements establish their collective idientity outside the political domain and “translate their action into symbolic challenges that overturn the dominant cultural codes”. The differences that characterized the contemporary social movements - the building of unity in the face of heterogeneity and differentiation, the creation of the symbolic challenges, and their political characters – make it difficult to be approached by the aforementioned theories which are politically reductionist and only analyse the outcomes of the actions ore movements (Barholomew & Mayer 1992).
In Blessed Unrest, Paul Hawken illustrates to the reader how groups of organizations with similar principles and ideals are coming together to form what Hawken defines as a “movement.” In the chapter “Blessed Unrest,” Hawken explains the vast problems that plague the globe, such as loss of water for agriculture or theft of resources from third-world countries by government and corporations. He writes that due to these problems the world today is facing a task exponentially more difficult than the abolition of slavery, the restoration of the planet. However, Hawken also describes in the chapter those who are eager to address and protest against these dilemmas. Individuals who are willing to come together under common goals in order to necessitate environmental and social change in the world. Hawken, as his primary point, illustrates how groups of organizations and individuals are coming together to form a “movement,” which Hawken describes as a new form of community and story focused on three basic ambitions: environmental activism, social justice initiatives, and indigenous culture’s resistance to globalization.
“Inequality, conflict, and regulatory corruption are all part and parcel of capitalism, history has borne this out numerous times unless someone steps in to break them up, monopolies are the natural result of unbridled capitalism.” Author John Perkins, also known as the ‘economic hitman’ describes his role as a highly paid professional who helped the U.S. cheat poor countries around the world out of trillions of dollars by providing them more money in which they could not pay back and later, taking over their economies in exchange of natural resources such as oil. In the epilogue of his book “Confessions of an Economic Hitman” he expresses his thoughts on taking ownership and changing the system by avoiding products that were manufactured by overworked laborers by developing boycotts to end labor standards and the promotion of it. Even though their is obvious economic growth in the U.S., Grassroots boycott can affect the policies of multinational corporations by avoiding products that are made by mistreated workers and help reduce self-destruction of the overall global empire because people who live in poverty do not benefit from a “voluntary trade,” the ecosystem is dying out, and greed is built in the system of the third world.
When the concept of governance is identified, it is most often associated with states, governments, and large corporations. However, one of the doors that democracy has opened for citizens has led to their ability to influence governance in a method that states, governments, and large corporations are not able to identify with. Concerned citizens and informal project activists have the capacity to motivate and create social change through their use of new media to challenge large issues that are often kept buried by political figures and the state. Furthermore, the mass movement of individuals in society as one whole will change the perspectives of many others, who will also be likely to join in the movement to fight society's problems through tactical media. Tactical media will empower citizens to create social and political change as it provides citizens an opportunity to participate in any kind of movement that they wish, thus, not putting any restrictions on the interests of citizens; this motivates them to become active users of tactical media as they are provided with freedom...
Researchers classify social movements according to the type of change they seek (Aberle, 1966, Cameron, 1966, Blumer, 1969, as cited in Macionis, 2007). According to John Macionis, a social movement is when people commonly band together to create an organized activity that encourages or discourages social change (Macionis, 2008). In the case of this radical society, Hippies were typically ...