Lipids are not considered macromolecules because they do not form chains of monomers. Lipids are grouped because they are all hydrophobic and nonpolar in most of their regions due to their largely hydrocarbon-based structure.
Fats:
Fats are constructed from Glycerol and Fatty Acids.
Glycerol is a 3 carbon alcohol.
A fatty acid is composed of a large carbon skeleton with a carboxyl group at the end giving it the ‘acid’ in fatty acid.
The C-H bonds in fatty acids are what make the fat nonpolar and hydrophobic.
Fats contain 3 fatty acids, each of which are connected to a single glycerol molecule through an ester linkage (a bond between carboxyl and hydroxyl). The resulting fat is triacylglycerol sometimes called triglyceride.
A saturated fatty
acid is a fatty acid that contains only single bonds between carbon and hydrogen. These are found in animals and are solid at room temperature. An unsaturated fatty acid is a fatty acid that contains one or more double bond that forms kinks in the fatty acid. These are found in plants and are liquid at room temperature. Some vegetable oils are hydrogenated which means that they are made to become saturated in order to become solid. The main function of fats are to store energy. They contain almost twice as much energy as carbohydrates. Catabolism is the breakdown of molecules and Anabolism is the build up of molecules. Phospholipids: Phospholipids are like fats, but contain only 2 fatty acids, and have an additional charged phosphate group. Other molecules can bond to this phosphate group. These molecules are key to life since they constitute most of the cell membrane of a cell due to their structure. The tails are hydrophobic while the phosphate group is hydrophilic. As a result, a cell forms a lipid bilayer with the molecules. Steroids: Steroids are lipids that contain four fused rings which serve as a basis for all other steroids which only have additional groups attached to them. Cholesterol (shown below) is a crucial steroid in animals and is also used to synthesize most other steroids such as estrogen and testosterone. High levels of cholesterol in the blood may lead to atherosclerosis.
plants and adorable little animals, have you ever wondered what makes all living things? Lipids are
In order to determine which fish oil supplement is best for us, we must first have a greater understanding of how each constituent is molecularly structured and how it is readably absorbed into the body. Triglycerides by definition are the main constituents of animal fats and vegetable oil. TG is a chemical compound that is formed from three fatty acids and one molecule of glycerol, as seen in Figure 1: The Molecular Structure of a Triglyceride.
14. Erucic acid is a long-chain unsaturated fatty acid. Like oleic acid, it suppresses the creation of VLCFSAs, but is much more
Lipid metabolism is one source of energy for the human body. We eat food containing one form of lipids, triacylglycerols. Before starting lipid metyabolism, these fats get broken down into droplets by bile salts.Triacylglycerols can be broken into fatty acids plus glycerol via hydrolysis with the help of the pancreatic lipase enzymen and then get used by cells for energy by breaking down even further. Once the pancreas and cells have enough energy and don’t need to absorb anymore, fatty acids get synthesized back into triacylgleryols. The excess triacylglycerols get stored in adipose tissue. Excess storage leads to weight gain and obesity.
Olestra is a sucrose polyester structure of six to eight fatty acids bound together by a sucrose core. It is a synthetic fat composed of sucrose and edible oils. Olestra can be used as a fat substitute virtually anywhere because of its flexibility of chain length and saturation levels on the sucrose molecule (http://www.cochrancorp.com/faq.htm).
The Structure and Function of Carbohydrates Large biological molecules are called macromolecules, there are giant molecules (polymers) made up of repeating units (monomers). Carbohydrates are one of the main classes of biological molecules. Macromolecule units (monomers) are joined together by condensation reactions and hydrolysis reactions split macromolecules down into their individual units. Carbohydrates are molecules that contain elements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates have a 2:1 hydrogen to oxygen ratio, there are twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms (the same proportion as in water).
Polyunsaturated fatty acids: Linoleic series (two double bonds), linolenic series (three double bonds), Fatty acids with four double bonds (arachidonic acid).
In this lecture, it talks about fat and how it affects us and our bodies. There are two main different types of fat, saturated and unsaturated. Many types of saturated fat are found in meat and dairy products. These fats are hard to break down for cells, because of this, they tend to get tucked away and build up over time if worked off. Unsaturated fats are found in olive oil and other plant oils. These types of fat are readily consumed for energy.
up of a glycerol (a type of alcohol with a hydroxyl group on each of
The omega-3 fatty acids, popularly referred to as fish oil, are considered unsaturated fats. Science differentiates between unsaturated and saturated fats quite clearly. One fact that separates the two is the temperature at which melting occurs. Saturated fats melt at a higher temperature than unsaturated fats. The science behind fatty acids is rather complex; carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains are the building blocks of saturated and unsaturated fats. This is important to the human body for many reasons; one reason being unsaturated fats do not cause plaque build-up in arteries like saturated fats due to their molecular structure in the human blood stream.
Transferring dietary lipids (fats) - Lipids as well as lipid soluble are similar substance vitamins which are captivated meaning absorbed from the diet and are passed to the blood within the lymphatic system to a certain extent rather than by the venous drainage of the small intestine.
In The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison analyzes the heartbreaking belief that impacted people of the1940s believe that if they are white or a Middle Class American then they seem to have more beauty than African Americans. In the novel a young, poor African American girl by the name of Pecola Breedlove developed that belief. Her belief makes her question where if she belongs in the world. Pecola does not have an opportunity to grow up as a regular child. Her parents’ history is appearing to take a toll on her throughout her life.
Saturated fats come from animal sources like steak, hamburger and pork. Unsaturated fats are derived from plants. There are also trans fats that are considered poison for the body. They raise the bad cholesterol in your body, and should never be included in a healthy diet. There are also fatty acids like omega-3 and omega-6 that are good for a healthy body.
There are many functions lipids have. One of the main functions lipids are structural components in the cell. Lipids make up approximately 50% of the mass of most cell membranes. The lipids that are found in the cell membrane are called phospholipid. Phospholipid are the predominant lipids of cell membrane. Phospholipids aggregate or self-assemble when mixed with water, but in a different manner than the soaps and detergents. Because of the two pendant alkyl chains in phospholipids and the unusual mixed charges in their head groups, micelle formation is unfavorable relative to a bilayer structure.