Third generation, or third wave, psychotherapy began in the 1990s and brought with it new perspectives to the treatment of pathology, as well as demands for better quality research (Spiegler & Guevremont, 2009). Because the third generation of psychotherapy is still relatively in its infancy, the developers of these therapies rely on good quality, large scale studies to further advance their therapies as well as to support and improve the efficacy of the therapies in being effective in treating pathology. The current state of the third generation will be discussed. First developed in the 1950 and 60s, first generation therapies focused on altering the directly observable problem behaviors of patients by altering the environmental conditions …show more content…
One study concluded that because the efficacy of the third generation does not significantly deviate from the efficacy of other generation, then they must rely on the same mechanisms and, thus, not be different generation of therapy (Hoffman, Sawyer, & Fang, 2010). Rather, they suggest that the third generation be regarded as an extension of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). While such a claim may be technically true—the mechanisms of change may not be significantly different from therapies in the third generation to therapies in the first or second generation —there are other differences, such as the previously discussed differences in first- and second-order change, that differentiate the therapies. With that being said, the authors regard such differences as not exclusive to each form of therapy, and therefore making aspect of both first and second generation therapies not incompatible with each other. Despite such criticism of the label of third generation to describe therapies that use acceptance and mindfulness principles to elicit second order change, the term is still popularly used. Additionally, whether or not a new generation should be used to refer to that therapies that fall under the third generation, the important thing to consider is whether or not the treatments are effective in reaching …show more content…
While first and second generation therapies have been developed, implemented, and research for decades, the third generation therapies lacked the sufficient research to regard them as evidence-based treatments in their earlier years. One meta-analysis published in 2008 found that the randomized controlled trials for third generation therapies used a methodology that was less stringent than other studies done on CBT (Öst, 2008). Additionally, the same article regarded all of the third generation therapies as not fulfilling the criteria to be considered empirically supported treatments. Five years later another study was published, which stated that a surge of good quality randomized controlled trials, as well as longitudinal studies, has been published in the last 3 to 5 years on the third generation therapies (Kahl, Winter, & Schweiger, 2012). The authors stated that because of such publications, third generation therapies became regarded as effective treatments and candidates for empirical support. In 2017 another study was published, which stated that there has been randomized controlled trials investigating treatment efficacy for most third generation treatments (Feliu-Soler, et al., 2017). It is evident that in a short period, third generation therapies have gone from having questionable effectiveness, to being
This systematic review conducted by Takeda A, Taylor SJC, Taylor RS, Khan F, Krum H, Underwood M, (2012) sourced twenty-five trials, and the overall number of people of the collective trials included was 5,942. Interventions were classified and assessed using the following headings.-
So that’s why we study and evaluate therapies by using three questions for these studies. 1. Is therapy in general effective? 2. Are particular therapies generally effective?
Leichsenring, F., & Leibing, E. (2003). The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of personality disorders: a meta-analysis. American Journal Of Psychiatry, 160(7), 1223--1232.
Psychotherapy integration is best explained as an attempt to look beyond and across the dimensions of a single therapy approach, to examine what one can learn from other perspectives, and how one’s client’s can benefit from various ways of administering therapy (Corey, 2013). Research has shown that a variety of treatments are equally effective when administered by therapist who believe in them and client’s that accept them (Corey, 2013). Therefore, one of the best aspects of utilizing an integrative approach is that, in most cases, if a therapist understands how and when to incorporate therapeutic interventions, they usually can’t go wrong. While integrating different approaches can be beneficial for the client, it is also important for the
CBT has been known to cure a variety of disorders both in clinical environments and non-clinical environments. This type of therapy technique has been tested for efficacy and has proven to be highly effective. Furthermore, the future for CBT looks very positive as well. Researchers and theorist are now working on making this type of therapy available for suicide prevention, schizophrenia, and other psychopathologies.
Hollon, S. D. & Beck, A. T. (2004). Cognitive and cognitive behavioral therapies. Bergin And Garfield’S Handbook Of Psychotherapy And Behavior Change, 5 pp. 447--492.
Postmodern counseling approaches have begun to challenge the paradigms of modernistic counseling theories. Modern theories emphasize the use of empirically validated treatment approaches to psychotherapy. The modernistic therapy perspective endorses the premise that psychological problems are the result of disturbances in cognitive processes. The focus of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is on helping clients to examine and restructure their core beliefs in order to reorganize one’s behavior. Postmodern approaches to therapy, however, stress the importance of context in people’s social and interpersonal world. The postmodern perspective is interested in the client’s world external to individual dynamics. This paper will compare and contrast the key points, therapeutic relationship, application, contributions, and strengths and limitations of CBT and postmodern versions of therapy.
In it's simplest form, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, (or CBT as it will be referred to from here on out), refers to the approach of changing dysfunctional behaviors and thoughts to realistic and healthy ones. CBT encompasses several types of therapy focusing on the impact of an individual's thinking as it relates to expressed behaviors. Such models include rational emotive therapy (RET), rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT), behavior therapy (BT), Rational Behavior Therapy (RBT), Schema Focused Therapy, Cognitive therapy (CT). Most recently a few other variations have been linked to CBT such as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), dialectic behavioral therapy (DBT), and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) (Harrington and Pickles, 2009). The main aspect that all of these branches of therapy share, is that our thoughts relate to our external behaviors. External events and individuals do not cause the negative thoughts or feelings, but, instead the perception of events and situations is the root cause (National Association of Cognitive Behavioral Therapists, 2010).
Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy has its foundations in two distinctive therapeutic theories, Cognitive Therapy and Behavioural Therapy. Cognitive Therapy (CT) believes that thoughts, feelings and behaviour are connected. CT states and an individual with help; can identify an issue that is causing a behavioural or an emotional response and correcting that thinking to achieve a desired outcome. Behavioural Therapy believes that individual’s behaviour is due to conditioning during the early years of life and as such can be altered with conscious awareness. Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy is a combination of both of these theories and is based on an individual’s own history of thought an...
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy appears to be a new treatment, although its roots can be traced to Albert Ellis’s Reason and Emotion in Psychotherapy, published in 1962. Cognitive therapy assumes that thoughts precede actions and false self-beliefs cause negative emotions. It is now known that most depression treatments have cognitive components to them, whether they are recognized or not. In the 1970’s many psychologists began using cognitive components to describe depression. From there, they developed cognitive forms to treat depression with impressive results (Franklin, 2003).
Engler, J. & Goleman, D. (1992). The authoritative guide for making informed choices about all types of psychotherapy. The Consumer’s Guide to Psychotherapy. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster/Fireside
Plecas, D., McCormick, A. V., Levine, J., Neal, P., & Cohen, I. M. (2011). Evidence-based
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is based on the concept that behavior change may be achieved through altering cognitive processes. The assumption underlying the cognitively based therapeutic techniques is that maladaptive cognitive processes lead to maladaptive behaviors and changing these processes can lead to behavior modification. According to Mahoney (1995), an individual's cognitions are viewed as covert behaviors, subject to the same laws of learning as overt behaviors. Since its inception, cognitive-behavior modification has attempted to integrate the clinical concerns of psychodynamic psychotherapists with the technology of behavior therapists (Mahoney, 1995). Cognitive-behaviorists have demonstrated an interrelationship among cognitive processes, environmental events, and behavior, which is conveyed in the context of one's social behavior. Psychotherapists in North America endorse cognitive-behavioral interventions as the second most widely used treatment approach (i.e., with an eclectic approach being endorsed as first) (Bongar & Buetler, 1995).
Moreover, according to the report, the benefits of the therapy concept are also showing to last beyond termination of the therapeutic process. In many ways one can appreciate that this report can validate Shelder’s (2010) eight meta- analyses as well as his nine meta-analyses of other psychological therapies with the use of antidepressant prescriptions. These reported meta-analyses can show that psychodynamic therapy can have substantial treatment
Wedding, D., & Corsini, R. J. (Eds.). (2014). Current psychotherapies (10th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole, Cengage