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Is rehabilitation effective for sexual offenders and the help they have in the community
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Recommended: Is rehabilitation effective for sexual offenders and the help they have in the community
Criminal & Forensic Psychology Assessment.
Using evidence, critically evaluate the following statement: “sex offenders should never be released”
There is much debate as to whether a sex offender should be released into the public, this debate stems from the idea that a sex offender cannot be treated and that they are a danger to the public as they are ‘purely evil’ (Burke, 2005), however there is much evidence that sex offenders can be treated and re-introduced into society as a productive member. Sex offender is a general term used to refer to any person who has been convicted of crimes involving sex, from rape and molestation to exhibitionism and pornography distribution. There are many theories which try to explain why people are sexual offenders, these theories along with treatments for sex offenders will be looked at to help explain why people sexually offend and to help evaluate whether sex offenders should be released.
It is a common stereotype that all sex offenders have some form of psychopathy, and therefore they cannot be treated, however most sexual offenders do not have major mental illness or psychological maladjustment (Ward, Polaschek and Busch, 2006), therefore it is not impossible to treat them. Finkelhor’s (1984) precondition model was made with the assumption that the psychopathology of an individual will only take us so far in explaining sexually abusive behaviour, Finkelhor states that 4 stages of preconditions must exist before sexual abuse can take place, these are; Primary motivation to abuse a child sexually, overcoming of internal and external inhibitions and dealing with a child’s resistance to sexual abuse, for each subsequent precondition to occur the previous one must be achieved. Finkelhor argues th...
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...f recent treatment studies.Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology, 63 (5), p. 802.
Hollon, S. D. & Beck, A. T. (2004). Cognitive and cognitive behavioral therapies. Bergin And Garfield’S Handbook Of Psychotherapy And Behavior Change, 5 pp. 447--492.
Hudson, K. (2005). Offending identities. Uffculme: Willan.
Mcguire, J. (1995). What works. Chichester: Wiley.
Mcguire, J. (1995). What works. Chichester: J. Wiley.
Ministry of Justice. (2009) What Works with Sex Offenders? Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/information-access-rights/foi-disclosure-log/prison-probation/foi-75519-annex-a.pdf Nicholas, S., Walker, A. & Kershaw, C. (2007). Crime in England and Wales 2006/2007. Home Office Statistical Bulletin, Development And Statistics Directorate..
Ward, T., Polaschek, D. L. L. & Busch, A. R. (2006). Theories of sexual offending. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Witt, P., Greenfield, D., & Hiscox, S. (2008). Cognitive/behavioural approaches to the treatment adult sex offenders. Journal of Psychiatry & Law, 36(2), 245-269, retrieved from EBSCOhost
In the event that a prisoner (particularly a sex offender) does complete rehabilitation, he carries with him a stigma upon reentering society. People often fear living near a prior drug addict or convicted murderer and the sensational media hype surrounding released felons can ruin a newly released convict’s life before it beings. What with resident notifications, media scare tactics and general concern for safety, a sex offender’s ability to readapt into society is severely hindered (554). This warrants life-skills rehabilitation applied to him useless, as he will be unable to even attempt to make the right decision regarding further crime opportunities.
Knight, Zelda G. "Sexually Motivated Serial Killers And The Psychology Of Aggression And "Evil" Within A Contemporary Psychoanalytical Perspective." Journal Of Sexual Aggression 13.1 (2007): 21-35. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Web. 1 May 2014.
Offenders are able to identify weaknesses in a child’s personality or life circumstances and then exploit them. There can be many different characteristics a Child Molester or Pedophile uses for their selection process. The characteristics are the foll...
Generally, the public views women as nurturers, motherly and incapable of harming a child. Research indicates that female sex offenders capable of committing such acts have serious psychiatric and psychological problems. In comparison, research indicates male sex offenders are more callous, more antisocial, and promiscuous, involved in the criminal justice system, and have more victims (Miccio-Fenseca, 2012, slide 7). The consensus is that men commit their acts for sexual pleasure while women commit their acts due to psychiatric and psychological problems. Law enforcement, juries, and judges tend to empathize more when there are additional mitigating factors, such as emotional or psychological problems.
Sex offender legislation has been encouraged and written to protect the community and the people at large against recidivism and or to help with the reintegration of those released from prison. Nevertheless, a big question has occurred as to if the tough laws created help the community especially to prevent recidivism or make the situation even worse than it already is. Sex offenders are categorized into three levels for example in the case of the state of Massachusetts; in level one the person is not considered dangerous, and chances of him repeating a sexual offense are low thus his details are not made available to the public (Robbers, 2009). In level two chances of reoccurrence are average thus public have access to this level offenders through local police departments in level three risk of reoffense is high, and a substantial public safety interest is served to protect the public from such individuals.
Ward and Siegert’s model provides an in-depth explanation of potential factors that could lead to child sexual abuse; it however fails to address reasons why child molestation perseveres. There seems to be an overlap within the concepts of all five pathways and levels of intensity, thus making it difficult to analyse data that reveals its deficits, thus creating a complication in the process of designating specific pathways to differing offenders (Connolly, 2004). Ward and Siegert also suggested that child molesters are predominantly males, due to a higher level of sex drive and higher levels of the urge to engage in impersonal sex (Ward, Laws, & Hudson, 2003). Their work is based on the males and fails to explain why females’ offenders sexually offend against children.
Child molestation is a serious problem in the United States. The legal system is lenient with pedophiles, punishing them with insufficiently brief prison sentences that are further abbreviated by the option of parole. Some child molesters are released back into society after serving as little as one fourth of their prison-time (1). Recidivism is extremely high among child molesters; 75% are convicted more than once for sexually abusing young people (6). Pedophiles commit sexual assault for a variety of reasons. Some rape children because of similar instances of abuse in their own childhoods (1). Some view the act of molestation as a way to gain power over another individual (1). Some pedophiles act purely on sexual desires. No matter what causes these heinous criminals to molest children, their crimes are inexcusable. Unfortunately, utilizing prison as a punishment for child molestation creates only a Band-Aid solution for the issue of sexual assault and other resolutions need to be investigated.
Seto, M. & Barbaree, H. (1999). Psychopathy, Treatment Behavior, and Sex Offender Recidivism. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, Vol. 14, pp.1235-1248
Myers, W. C., (Oliver) Chan, H. C., Vo, E. J., & Lazarou, E. (2010). Sexual Sadism, Psychopathy, and Recidivism in Juvenile Sexual Murders. Journal of Investigatice Psychology and Offender Profiling, 7, 49-58. doi: 10.1002/jip.113
Miller, R. (1998). “Forced Administration of Sex Drive Reducing Medications to Sex Offenders: Treatment or Punishment?.” Psychology, Public Policy and Law, 4(1), 175-199.
In conclusion, I feel as though sex offenders, which are a widely controversial and understudied group of individuals need further examination. I am particularly curious about what happens to them after they are arrested. As it goes, they are forced to register on a Sex Offender Registry depending on the severity of their crime and can have to register anywhere from 15 years to the rest of their lives (Legal Dictionary, n.d.). However, they are not always forced to undergo treatment. When they do receive treatment, the most common treatment afforded to these individuals is cognitive-behavioral therapy (Schaffer, Jeglic, Moster, & Wnuk, 2010).
Despite the fact that the experimental proof is not categorical to the efficiency of sexual offender treatment, recent methodical appraisals and examinations come out clear that certain approaches
unsafe sex, excessing pornographic usage, etc...). Whether they are convicted or not, the study focuses on individuals who are currently and/or have completed any form of sex offender treatment program while in the community or in a prison setting. Further ideal population characteristics are adult males and females starting at the age of 18 years and with no discrimination on ethnicity and other demographic information.
Sex crimes are one of the most serious problems in the United States today. The legal system is casual when it comes to punishing sex criminals with insufficiently short prison sentences that are further reduced by the option of parole. While sexual offenders comprise a sizable portion of U.S. prison inmates, they evoke an even greater portion of public concern, (Boccaccini, Murrie, Caperton, & Hawes, 2009). Most sex offenders are released back into society after serving as little as one- fourth of their prison sentence. Recidivism is extremely high among sexual predators; 75% are convicted more than once for sexually abusing young people, (Boccaccini, Murrie, Caperton, & Hawes, 2009).