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Threat assessment risk assessment
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In the articles the authors define warning behaviors and place the term in the context of risk assessment and in the context of threat assessment. The authors also trace the genesis of the term warning behaviors in this article. The authors discuss types of warning behaviors with case studies that show the warning behaviors. The authors intend to accomplish all of this by looking at previous research in the field and case studies. The researchers plan to make suggestions for application of their research and recommend areas for further research. This study looks at pervious research and case studies to describe warning behaviors in threat assessment and creating a suggested typology. When looking at past research the study looks at public …show more content…
The first is pathway warning behavior, which is any behavior that involves planning, research, preparation of an attack. The second is fixation warning behavior, which is a behavior that indicates a preoccupation with a person or cause. Fixation warning behavior is usually accompanied with deterioration in social or occupational aspects of the person’s life. The third warning behavior is identification warning behavior is behavior that indicates warrior mentality and is seen with close association with weapons. A person in identification warning behavior may also have interest law enforcement or the military. The fourth warning behavior is novel aggression warning behavior, which is an act of violence unrelated to any research or planning. The fifth warning behavior is energy burst warning behavior, which is an increase in activities usually days or weeks before the attack; the activities relate to the target of the planned attack. The sixth warning behavior is leakage warning behavior, which is when the person planning attack tells someone of his or her intent to harm someone. The seventh warning behavior is last resort warning behavior which is when there is evidence that the violent act being planned will occur soon. The evidence is usually something written or a deed preformed. The subject feels that he or she is trapped and that violence is the only way for him or her to get out of the situation. The eight warning behavior is directly communicated threat warning behavior which is when a subject tells the victim or law enforcement of the direct threat that he or she is planning before the attack begins. The treat can be written or spoken and threatens damage, injury or
This film was made in 2008, and maybe during that time this observation could be compartmentalized based on geographical location. The research is a bit outdated for the world we live in now. Social environments bleed together in today’s society. The reference of “middle class” becoming more extinct with political influence. The violence and dangers are not limited to congested areas of the economically challenged. We are no longer safe in schools, movie theaters, or work environments. These are no longer isolated incidents, becoming more frequent effecting many levels of our emotional and spiritual health. Humans have adapted the use of their stressful warnings to a non-useful state ignoring the signs. What use to be a safety mechanism is now a
happen. It is only natural that we feel threatened at the first sign of danger. Thus, it is important to
Zarembo, Alan. “Teens Plotting Attacks Tend to Tip Their hand.” Los Angeles Times. 24 Dec 2012: A.1. Sirs Issues Researcher. Web. 6 Oct. 2015.
Since the dawn of time, the world has filled lives with threats. Threats are a natural part of living, whether it is an every day life threatening moment or intentional warnings. In literature, threats are used to develop a story and add depth to each character. Confrontation is used as the building blocks for all of English literature. Threats give an atmosphere to characters for dynamics and ultimatums. Both Of Mice and Men and Lord of the Flies have the significance of threats to build plots.
In psychology there is much debate about the meaning of the term ‘aggression,’ as many different people have different views on how to define it, one definition comes from berkowitz 1993 and states aggression is ‘behaviour that is intended to injure someone physically or psychologically.’ Many explanations have been proposed for aggression and there is a split between the highly reductionist biological approach and the less reductionist social psychological approaches. Each of these explanations have proven extremely useful in answering certain questions surrounding aggression and helping us to gain more of an understanding of aggressive behaviour, however their limitations must also be acknowledged.
Goldstein, J. (1986). The Nature of Human Aggression. Aggression and Crimes of Violence. New York. Oxford University Press, 3-29.
There are two crucial variables, the psychological state of readiness to take specific action, and the extent to which a particular course of action is believed to be beneficial in reducing the threat (Rosenstock 1966: 98). In addition to the variables described above, another factor is a cue to provoke action, such as having an accident oneself or recent media attention to the issue. This was named the ‘cue to action. Nisbet and Gick (2008: 297) made a summary the model basically saying
Most people think that nothing bad will happen to them (e.g. robbery, kidnapping, theft, rape, domestic violence and so on), but the truth is that no one is protected. It is widely known how powerful the personal experience can be regarding the recognition of risk and the eagerness to take to take precautions. Even when people fail to take precautions, this also can be attributed to experience, which means it needs an examination.
Aggression is a critical part of animal existence, which is a driving force to humans, as we too are animals. The source of aggression within humans is an ongoing list so therefore, we must understand the definition of aggression. Aggression in psychology defined by the World Book Encyclopedia is hostile behavior that may hurt or upset other people. Such behavior may take the form of physical attack against people or their possessions, or verbal abuse (Larsen, 2000). There are many types of aggressive behaviors which we must differentiate from. Aggression may be an automatic response to such experiences as pain or danger. In other cases, it is a deliberate action with a definite purpose (Larsen, 2000). Some people act out of hostility to gain money, pleasure, power or prestige. Other aggressive behavior is intended to cause physical or psychological injury (Larsen, 2000). For example, an aggressive behavior can be negative or positive, accidental or intended and physical or mental.
"Violence seems to be something everybody feels they can recognize when they see it, yet it is difficult to define unambiguously. Many different definitions are now in use, and there is much disagreement about them. (Wober 41)" Violent behavior is high due to the sale...
The Joint Commission. (2008). Behaviors that undermine a culture of safety. Sentinel Event Alert Issue 40, http://www.jointcommission.org/SentinelEvents/SentinelEventAlert/sea_40.htm.
Real-world events is probably the more significant of the group; using a risk management program allows decision makers access to critical information related to potential outcomes of an event/incident. The decision makers use the information to exam the most appropriate and lower risk approach to an event/incident. The NIPP risk management program used the risk management for three specific threats, physical, cyber, and human to protect CIKRs (U.S. DHS 2009, p.33). When risk management is implemented correctly and all areas assessed thoroughly, it can produce the best course of action to protect homeland security infrastructure over a larger area through the cooperation of and between the different NIPP established sectors. Exercise planning and risk management work well together exercises also provide feedback for risk management for real-word events. Exercising the possibilities of an incident/event provide a realistic basis for establishing certain understanding of an incident without the high risk associated with a real-world
Physical security cannot be wholly successful without the human factor element and the active support of these user groups. For example, when the aim is to protect a critical facility from attack or to provide access control for an office building it is necessary to engage people on the proper use of any security systems that are in place, for instance security alarms. If the alarm goes off and employees have no idea what it signifies
The field of psychology has opened different hypothesis from a variety of theories with the aim of studying the behaviour of humans being as a result they concluded with five psychological perspectives. Behaviourist, Biological, Psychodynamic, Cognitive and Humanistic perspectives are the deduction after a depth study of mental activity associate to human behaviour. In this essay I will be comparing two psychological perspectives according to aggressive behaviour.
For instance, Mileti and Peek (2002) found that when people are given clear information about risk, they can comprehend and remember the message and that self-efficacy, i.e. knowing they have the ability to do something about it, regarding preparedness, promotes more action (Mileti and Peek, 2002, p. 128). It is also widely accepted that people will seek out additional information about a threat, especially from th...