Verona
In Northern Italy, along the Adige River and at the foot of the Lessini Mountains, lies the ancient city of Verona. It is a city filled with ecclesiastical monuments, as well as numerous ancient and historical sites, many dating to the period of the Roman Empire.[i] According to one source, people have inhabited Verona for the past 300,000 years, and archeologists have found numerous stone artifacts of an earlier time.[ii] An ancient tribe founded the city, probably the Euganei or Raeti tribe, but the city was later occupied by the Gallic Cenomani. In 89 B.C., Verona became a Roman colony. Due to its geographical location, Verona flourished as it emerged as an industrial, political, and commercial center. The port in Verona provided access for trade to Northern Europe, and as a result, it became a developed urban city.[iii]
The Roman Arena amphitheater is probably the most significant site in Verona. Dating back to the 1st century B.C., it is now a vital theater for the opera. At the time, the Arena was built outside of the city walls. More than 30,000 spectators would travel to Verona to watch the ludii, or shows and games, in the Arena. The most popular of the ludii were the gladiator fights, often times against lions. Originally, the faûze was white and pink limestone from Valpolicella. During the Middles Ages, the theater lost its functionality, and people began to use it as a quarry for other buildings. It was not until the Renaissance that people began to intervene in order to return the Arena to its original purpose. There are other Roman monuments of the 1st century B.C. in Verona, such as the Roman Theater and the Arco dei Gavi, or the Gavi Arch. The Roman Theater, originally built during the Augustan age,...
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?Excursions.? Lago di garda magazine. (12 December 2003). <http://www.lagodigardamagazine.com>
?History: della Scala Epoch.? Castelvecchio Museum, city museum. 24 November 2003.
<http://www.commune.verona.it/Castelvecchio/cvsito/english/storia.htm>
?History of Verona.? The World Factbook. 25 November 2003.?<http://www.worldfacts.us/Italy-Verona.htm>
Kren, Emil and Daniel Marx. ?Verona.?? Web Gallery of Art. 25 November 2003. <http://www.gallery.euroweb.hu/database/glossary/cities/verona.html>
?Michele Sanmicheli, Architecture, Biographies.? Columbia Electronic Press, 2003.?<http://www.Allref.com>
Tierney, John. ?Verona is for Lovers.? Forbes. 13 March 1995: 6.
?Verona, Italy.? Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 17 November 2003.? <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verona,_Italy> ?
Rome’s most famous landmark, Colosseum is a large Amphitheatre that could hold up to 50,000 people seated, which is located in Rome, Italy. The Colosseum was used as a royal treat, entertainment where gladiators would fight with wild beast in front of people, animal hunt, theatre performances and public executions for public entertainment and also the King himself. Most of the public event was held at Colosseum. The Roman Colosseum was built between 69 to 79 CE by the Vespasian emperor.
The citizens of Rome loved to go to these bloody warfares. In the city of Rome, these events were held in the Colosseum. An arena so large that it could hold 50,000 spectators and host fights between men and animals.
...m. This huge circular arena was the pinnacle of the Roman Gladiatorial games, and though it isn't fully intact, it is a great reminder of ancient culture. Though today these games seem inhumane and unnecessary, to their ancient culture it was a vacation from everyday stress. Even the Emperor was said to understand that though money and grain would satisfy and individual, large spectacles were necessary for the contentment of the masses' (wes civ).
History accounts for most of what our world is made up of today and to this day we have grown from what has occurred in the past. Back in 80 CE, a monumental amphitheater was created, in Rome. This amphitheater was to act as an entertainment hub where people would watch all kinds of games and sports. It was the Roman Empire’s central stage for gladiatorial combats and the wild beast hunts. It was ultimately meant to distract and socially control the public. In this paper, many aspects of this great amphitheater will be discussed. Some of items include historical/cultural aspects, aesthetic philosophy, period genres, stylistic traits and technical terms, biographical information and specific compositions. These aspects will be separated into 6 parts and thoroughly discussed.
In today’s world there has been huge increases in violent acts being done. Kids are turning into to bullies, murders, thieves and more. This can be happening for many different reasons. One could say it is the way the children are raised, what they see going on in their neighborhoods, what they are watching on television, seeing online, or on their video games. Everyone reacts to things differently and the violent media kids see can have different effects on each of them. According to the article “Violent Media is Good for Kids” written by Gerard Jones, violent media and other forms of ‘creative violence’ help far more children than they hurt. Gerald Jones gives examples through the article on experiences that are personal to him where violent media has been helpful but he does not give enough facts to make the reader believe it helps more children than it hurts.
BETWEEN Florence and Rome lies the inviting land of Tuscany. This was in ancient times the home of a civilized
In the Florence Cathedral, Florence, Italy, there is a cathedral church whose octagonal dome, built without the aid of scaffolding, was considered the greatest engineering feat of the early Renaissance. Dedicated to Santa Maria del Fiore, Our Lady of the Flower, it is also known as the Duomo, after the Italian word for cathedral. Created by many great Early Modern artists, this piece of architecture is a perfect example the Renaissance style. We can come to a better understanding of why this is so by exploring what the characteristics of the Renaissance “style”. To understand the properties of the Florence Cathedral that fit the Early Modern style, I will begin with a description and its history. The cathedral's architectural style, although greatly influenced by French Gothic elements remained distinctively Florentine, especially the geometric patterns of red, green, and white marble on the building's exterior. Construction of the cathedral began in 1294 on the site of a Christian church founded in the 6th or 7th century and continued until 1436. Several celebrated Italian architects were involved in the project, including Giotto, Arnolfo di Cambio, Andrea Orcagna, and, most notably, Filippo Brunelleschi, who was responsible for designing and building the dome. The cathedral's exterior is ornamented with sculpture and mosaics by Italian artists Donatello, Nanni di Banco, and Domenico Ghirlandaio, among others. The building's stained-glass windows are the work of the Italian architect and artist Lorenzo Ghiberti, and the interior is decorated with sculpture and fresco paintings by several Renaissance masters. Construction of the campanile (bell tower), situated to the right of the entrance to the Duomo, was begun by Giotto and completed according to his plans in 1359, after his death. Nearly 278 ft high, the campanile is embellished with red, green, and white marble panels of relief sculpture by Italian artists Andrea Pisano and Luca della Robbia, and niches with sculpted figures by Donatello and other masters. Facing the cathedral and campanile is a smaller, octagonal structure, the Baptistery of San Giovanni, noted for its gilt-bronze doors, elaborately worked in high relief by Andrea Pisano and Lorenzo Ghiberti. With that background information about the cathedral, one question comes to mind: what is it that makes the Renaissance style distinct? Renaissa...
During the middle and late third century, the Roman republic era gave rise to the arena games and became a great phenomenon for the Romans. An amphitheater, also known as a coliseum, housed these dangerous games that potentially harmed the audience as well as those who participated in them. Gladiatorial combat originated as part of funerals for deceased influential Romans. These large gladiatorial games were held by emperors during funerals of important roman officials, but were also included during other occasions. Over time the connection among the gladiator games and funerals decreased, and the upper class put on the games mainly to raise their social standing and gain favor with the public.
Florence, Italy was a city just like any other during the Renaissance. It was city of 50,000 people, less than there were in Paris and Venice but more than most other European cities. The busiest parts of the city were the Ponte Vecchio, a place lined with markets and houses, the neighborhood of the Orsanmichele and Mercato Vecchio, or the Old Market. Florence was a place of beauty and leisure. A Venetian visitor once said, “There is in my opinion no region more sweeter than that wherein Florence is a placed for Florence is situated in a plain surrounded on all sides by hills and mountains…And the hills are fertile cultivated, pleasant…” (Unger, pg. 1). Florence was a very prosperous city; it made fortunes off of wool and banking trades. A certain Florentine family contributed to the vast wealth as well. The Medici family was no doubt the foundation of prosperity for Florence.
The main reason that the Romans could do this was because of their invention of cement. This permitted the Romans to build buildings larger that other groups, because they had a way of holding the stones together. Also, along with columns, domes and vaulted ceilings, the arch became one of the defining characteristics of the Roman architectural style. As for the forum and public buildings, there were two kinds of forums in ancient Rome, the fora civilia and fora venalia. The fora civilia was for the monuments and statues of the city such as Triumphal arches and for public court cases. The fora venalia was for buying, selling and trade. Both foras were heavily ornamented to honor the gods, and both have held up over the immense amount of people that have traveled through them. The last main topic is the Colosseum. The Colosseum is, or rather was, elliptical building measuring 189 meters long and 156 meters wide with a base area of 24,000 m² with a height of more than 48 meters. It is one of the longest standing structures that Rome has given us. It shows their building creativity and architectural skill. The Colosseum is the basis, design wise, for many sports arenas, being capable
China is on the quest to secure massive amounts of energy. This demand for this overall energy is based on the fact that China is the country with the most population on the globe and with a rapidly growing economy. According to Jenkins (2012), over the last 30 years the GDP has increased over 9 percent annually, which makes China the second largest global economy. China has out ranked Germany in becoming the world's number one exporter (Jenkins, 2012). The developments from this growth are an across the board effect on motorization, urbanization, and industrialization which is manifested in the extensive construction of infrastructures and the extreme popularity of automobiles. The results of these factors are energy concerns, both environmental and precautionary, and a rapidly increasing demand for oil, particularly as a fuel for automobiles. Linwei, Feng, Zheng, and Pei (2012) asserts that views on the future oil consumption of China varies with support for oil independence, a steady course of oil reliance, or the suggestion of development of a limited level of substituting alternative fuels. Because of their desperate need for energy, China is pouring monies and labor into the expansion of other countries hoping to secure entrance and access to resources. These opinionated differences are forcing decision makers to evaluate the situation again and continue to study the development and future trends of oil in China. Although China is a coal producing country and has increased its natural gas usage, its need for oil is great, especially since in 2011, the International Energy Agency reports China's oil consumption growth was responsible for 50 percent of the global oil consumption growth. The country is searching for alternati...
The quality of children's programming has changed over the years. Violence on television is increasingly gaining acceptance from today's society. Studies show that viewing violent acts on television affects children negatively. The impact of violence can desensitizing a child's feelings to the pain of others, produce fear of the world around them, and promote aggression towards others. Studies have shown that children's television shows contain about 20 violent acts each hour and also that children who watch a lot of television are more likely to think that the world is a cruel and dangerous place.
First of all, the Roman Colosseum is not a theatre. It is a Roman Amphitheatre. (take note that the contemporary American definition of "amphitheatre" is NOT what the Romans would call an amphitheatre. Rather than looking like a Roman Amphitheatre, modern-day "amphitheatres" look more like Greek theatres! But I digress...) Roman theatres were half-moon shaped buildings whereas amphitheatres were fully round. Theatres were for plays and similar entertainments, whereas amphitheatres were primarily for gladitorial games and that kind of thing. Greek theatres changed greatly over time from the Classical period until and through the Hellenistic Age. However, the most noticable differences were that the Roman Theatre was a separate stand-alone building,
The Roman Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, is perhaps the most famous ancient landmark in the world. The Colosseum was the host to thousands of gladiatorial shows, mock naval battles, executions, and animal hunts. Today, the Colosseum still stands in the center of Rome, Italy, however, not quite as it used to be. Still, today, the Roman Colosseum is a large tourist attraction, thousands of tourists from all over the world still come to view this marveled arena. The Roman Colosseum has a rich history, and remains a prized possession of the Roman citizens.
In recent years, the news has seemed to mimic violence that appears in television and in movies. Several incidents support the majority of people's assumption that TV violence effects a child's behavior in many ways. A child's judgment is hurt badly by viewing TV violence, which can have some serious long-term effects.