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Public transport advantages and disadvantages
Public transport advantages and disadvantages
Effects of electric cars on the environment
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Most people take the urban public transportation system for granted. It is used in every aspect of our daily lives: work, education, medical necessities, recreation, etc. It is also important for the transportation of goods and services, which aids the growth and maintenance of our economy. Urban public transportation is the critical component of our quality of life and economic stability. The MBTA, the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, is Boston and Eastern Massachusetts’s major transportation service. The MBTA has played a central role in the development of Boston and surrounding cities and towns for more than a century; providing service from 175 cities and towns into Boston. On an average weekday over 1.2 million trips are made …show more content…
Hong Kong has developed a way of improving mobility and accessibility while reducing car dependence and deferring the need for further road and parking expansions. For the TRL to become more popular to the public, its performance in terms of waiting time, travel time, transfer time,etc. must satisfy the public needs. It must also be financially sustainable, with affordable fares and still maintain high quality. In Hong Kong, the transit system provides complete coverage to all of Hong Kong. The walking time, in Hong Kong, between the passenger’s starting point and the location of boarding are an estimated four minutes. The estimated walking time for the TRL are no where near that efficient in providing accessibility to the …show more content…
"Costs and Benefits of Electric Vehicles: A 2010 Perspective." Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 37.1 (2003): 1-28. Web. DeGunther, Rik. Alternative Energy for Dummies. Hoboken NJ: Wiley, 2009. Web. Dodson, Edward N. "Cost-Effectiveness in Urban Transportation." Operations research 17.3 (1969): 373-94. Web. "The Future of the Automobile in the Urban Environment." Bulletin of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 45.7 (1992): 7-22. Web. Hart, David. "Hydrogen: A Truly Sustainable Transport Fuel?" Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 1.3 (2003): 138-45. Web. Kühne, Reinhart. "Electric Buses - an Energy Efficient Urban Transportation Means." Energy 35.12 (2010): 4510-3. Web. Kirsch, David A., and Gijs P. A. Mom. "Visions of Transportation: The EVC and the Transition from Service- to Product-Based Mobility." The Business History Review 76.1 (2002): 75-110. Web. Kutz, Myer. Environmentally Conscious Transportation. Hoboken N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2008. Web. Loh, Penn, and Jodi Sugerman-Brozan. "Environmental Justice Organizing for Environmental Health: Case Study on Asthma and Diesel Exhaust in Roxbury, Massachusetts." Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 584 (2002): 110-24.
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Since the early 1990s, the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (GCRTA) had been exploring public transit resolutions that would improve access to Cleveland’s two largest employment hubs, downtown Cleveland and University Circle. During this examination period, GCRTA’s discussions with the local communities and local business leaders specified that there was a major need for improved public transit mobility along the Euclid Avenue Corridor. These discussions led to the development and evaluation of alternatives to the current bus route that served this area, the local bus route #6. By coordinating with Cuyahoga County and the City of Cleveland, and by hosting a series of public meetings, GCRTA had more than enough input and assistance in the final determination of alternatives to meet the transportation needs of the community and the Euclid ...
The Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) is one of the largest transit systems in the United States. It is the ninth largest system, transporting over 550,000 passengers daily. MARTA provides bus and rapid rail service to the most of the metropolitan area of Atlanta. The transit agency was established in 1971 with the passage of an authorizing referendum by voters in Fulton and DeKalb counties and the city of Atlanta. MARTA is a public authority that operates under Georgia law. The agency is governed by a board of directors with representation from several counties including Fulton, DeKalb, Clayton, and Gwinnett as well as the city of Atlanta. MARTA has approximately 4,500 employees. The majority of MARTA's operating revenues come from fares and a sales tax from customers.
Steffy, L. C. (2010). Drowning in Oil: BP and the Reckless Pursuit of Profit. McGraw Hill.
A good chunk of people in the Big Apple (New York City) feels that the MTA makes their ride efficient, cheap, easy, and convenient way of getting around town. On a scale of 1-10, N...
The majority of people, especially in America, cannot go about their daily lives without a car. Automobiles have instilled themselves in peoples’ lives and shown their usefulness since their debut in 1769. Since then, humans have redesigned and refined the automobile thousands of times, each time making the vehicle more efficient and economical than before. Now as the world approaches an ethical decision to dwarf all others, many people look toward automotives for yet another change. The emergence of the hypercar due to ecological turmoil exemplifies the change the world has demanded. Hypercars alter everything people know about automotives, modern ecology, and fuel efficiency. Not only do hypercars offer a solution to many ecological problems humans are faced with now, they also represent the only logical area for the automotive industry, and by some stretch American society, to expand.
The U.S dependency on foreign oil presents many negative impacts on the nation’s economy. The cost for crude oil represents about 36% of the U.S balance of payment deficit. (Wright, R. T., & Boorse, D. F. 2011). This does not affect directly the price of gas being paid by consumers, but the money paid circulates in the country’s economy and affects areas such as; the job market and production facilities. (Wright, R. T., & Boorse, D. F. 2011). In addition to the rise in prices, another negative aspect of the U.S dependency on foreign crude oil is the risk of supply disruptions caused by political instability of the Middle East. According to Rebecca Lefton and Daniel J. Weiss in the Article “Oil Dependence Is a Dangerous Habit” in 2010, the U.S imported 4 million barrels of oil a day or 1.5 billion barrels per year from “dangerous or unstable” countries. The prices in which these barrels are being purchased at are still very high, and often lead to conflict between the U.S and Middle Eastern countries. Lefton and Weiss also add that the U.S reliance on oil from countries ...
The future American commuter will undoubtedly have to transition from the use of fossil fuels to new alternatives due to the diminishing availability of the nation’s oil resources. How will America respond to this upcoming issue? It is difficult to predict which alternative fuel source America will ultimately choose, but with the premier of Nissan’s electric powered Leaf and other companies; such as Tesla Motors and Chevy, with their electric cars ready for market, the electric car may be winning the race to become the new standard for the gasoline alternative. Electric cars resolve long standing environmental issues, but it will need to maneuver around many roadblocks to become a marketable consideration for the general public. The cost of electric cars, currently on the market, makes them an impractical purchase for the average consumer. If cost is not the growing concern in today’s economy which prevents the consumer from considering this option; they may deny the technological advance due to battery storage capabilities and the inadequate infrastructure in place to refuel and provide for them.
A policy to expand mass transit, via MARTA bus and rail system, would increase the convenience of public transportation and effectively serve as an alternative option for driving. An expansion of toll and express lanes is a potential policy for Atlanta which utilizes a market based approach and generates income for the city. The gasoline tax policy is aimed at incentivizing metropolitan citizens to drive less due to an increased cost of gas, effectively
Today, people use their own personal vehicles to travel more than ever before. Personal transportation is no longer considered a luxury; it is now considered a necessity. The number of cars in the United States has been growing steadily since the 1970s. The number of miles traveled by cars has risen nearly 150 percent, yet the United States population has only grown roughly 40 percent during that time (hybridcars.com, Driving Trends). Although it may seem like we are advancing into the future, in reality, we are moving backwards from the effects these vehicles have on our bodies and the environment. The pollution produced by these vehicles has brought us to the day where we must find other modes of transportation that cause less harm to the world in which we live. Advances in technology have developed hybrid vehicles to try and slow down the amount of pollution. Driving a hybrid vehicle, instead of a conventional gas powered vehicle, can reduce the amount of pollution that affects our lives and the environment around us.
Poliakoff, M., Fitzpatrick, J. M., Farren, T. R., & Anastas, P. T. (2002). "Green Chemistry: Science and Politics of Change." Science, 297, 807-810.
Over the past century Toronto’s transportation system has substantially developed. Before 1945, the dominant form of transportation that existed other than walking was the streetcar. Toronto post-1945 to present day has seen development in public transportation through subways, buses, and street cars, as well as a huge increase in the use of the car. The major role of transportation in Toronto is to move various commodities within Toronto and from Toronto to outside places, both for consumption and production (Boudreau & Young, 2009). Transportation also provides a convenient way to travel from place to place around the city.
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