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The rise and fall of mass transit summary
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Introduction
The Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) is one of the largest transit systems in the United States. It is the ninth largest system, transporting over 550,000 passengers daily. MARTA provides bus and rapid rail service to the most of the metropolitan area of Atlanta. The transit agency was established in 1971 with the passage of an authorizing referendum by voters in Fulton and DeKalb counties and the city of Atlanta. MARTA is a public authority that operates under Georgia law. The agency is governed by a board of directors with representation from several counties including Fulton, DeKalb, Clayton, and Gwinnett as well as the city of Atlanta. MARTA has approximately 4,500 employees. The majority of MARTA's operating revenues come from fares and a sales tax from customers. MARTA is a part of a regional solution to transportation and they are working across the region with the community and agency partners to create social value for society. MARTA ensures customers, employees and the general public with a safe and secure accessibility to meet and engage. The security can be attributed to a very large police department that utilizes innovative law enforcement tools to prevent criminal activities. MARTA also has an active role in social and environmental sustainability. They have programs such as using natural compressed natural gas buses which is better for the environment. MARTA also uses solar canopy installation; in fact it has the largest in the state of Georgia and the second largest in the United States. MARTA provides economic benefits to the state and national economy. The University of Georgia conducted a study and concluded that MARTA is responsible for about 2.6 billio...
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...). "MARTA over-reporting its crimes, legislative audit finds". The Atlanta Journal.
Donskey, Paul; Daniels, Cynthia (February 9, 2007). "MARTA: HOW SAFE? Transit system officials defend security, cite low crime totals, despite a few high-profile incidents". Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
"MARTA Police: Crime Stats". Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
Firestone, David (April 8, 2002). "Overcoming a Taboo, Buses Will Now Serve Suburban Atlanta". The New York Times. Retrieved February 24, 2008.
Visser, Steve (January 11, 2008). "MARTA blames brakes and weak motor for escalator accidents". Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Ippolito, Milo (December 5, 2001). "MARTA pays $10.5 million in workers' deaths". Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Kim, Lilian (June 2, 1996). "MARTA officials say accident a 'fluke'". Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
Blair L. M. Kelley’s Right to Ride: Streetcar Boycotts and African American Citizenship in the Era of Plessy V. Ferguson tells stories of different desegregation movements on trains and streetcars at the turn of the twentieth century. Her book is the first account that connects the roots of segregation and dissent in the antebellum North, the legal efforts against segregated rails in New Orleans, and the streetcar boycotts in several southern cities. She not only describes the events but also deals with the questions of culture, gender, and leadership and their significant roles in black protests against segregation.
Mooney, Jonathan. The Short Bus: A Journey beyond Normal. New York: H. Holt, 2007. Print.
Mooney, Jonathan. The Short Bus : A Journey Beyond Normal. New York Godalming: Henry Holt Melia distributor, 2008. Print.
The book “Boston Against Busing: Race, Class and Ethnicity in the 1960s and 1970s” written by Ronald P. Formisano examines the opposition of court-ordered desegregation through forced busing. The author comes to the conclusion that the issue surrounding integration is a far more complex issue than just racism that enveloped the southern half of the country during this time period. Formisano argues that there were broader elements including a class struggle, white backlash and “reactionary populism” that contributed to the emotions of those involved.
This documentary is based on Raymond Arsenault’s book “Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice”. It was a radical idea organized by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) that alarmed not only those who challenged the civil rights but also deliberately defied Jim Crows Law that were enacted between 1876 and 1965, by challenging the status quo by riding the interstate buses in the South in mixed racial groups. This law segregated public services like public transportation, public places, public schools, restrooms, restaurants, and even drinking fountains for black and whites. Though these activists were faced by various bitter racism, mob violence and imprisonment, they were successful in desegregating the buses and bus facilities in the Deep South in September 22, 1961. They strove for nonviolent protest for justice and freedom of African Americans freedom.
Since the early 1990s, the Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (GCRTA) had been exploring public transit resolutions that would improve access to Cleveland’s two largest employment hubs, downtown Cleveland and University Circle. During this examination period, GCRTA’s discussions with the local communities and local business leaders specified that there was a major need for improved public transit mobility along the Euclid Avenue Corridor. These discussions led to the development and evaluation of alternatives to the current bus route that served this area, the local bus route #6. By coordinating with Cuyahoga County and the City of Cleveland, and by hosting a series of public meetings, GCRTA had more than enough input and assistance in the final determination of alternatives to meet the transportation needs of the community and the Euclid ...
On December 5, 1955, thousands of African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama walked, carpooled, or hitchhiked to work in an act of rebellion against segregation on buses. This bus boycott was not the first of its kind – black citizens of Baton-Rouge, Louisiana had implemented the same two years prior – but the bus boycott in Montgomery was a critical battle of the Civil Rights Movement. Though the original intent of the boycott was to economically cripple the bus system until local politicians agreed to integrate the city’s buses, the Montgomery Bus Boycott impacted the fabric of society in a much deeper way. Instead of only changing the symptoms of a much larger problem, this yearlong protest was the first step in transforming the way all Americans
Gross, Terry. "Get On the Bus: The Freedom Riders of 1961." NPR. NPR, n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2013.
The agencies that are involved in running the transportation system and what their duties are as follows:
When the City of Atlanta is mentioned, individuals automatically associate the city with its positive attributes, such as, the beautiful lights, family activities and tourist attractions. The crime that occurs often goes unmentioned; however, it is increasingly becoming an issue. Forbes ranked Atlanta as the sixth most dangerous city in the US with a violent crime rate of 1,433 per 100,000 residents. The city’s crime rate correlates with its poverty levels and low education rates. Beccaria’s believed punishment should be swift, severe and certain. However, Beccaria’s ideas are often difficult to execute properly.
San Diego is home to many hardworking individuals who diligently work during the week and long for their days off to visit the many attractions the city has to offer. Whether it is heading to work or going to Balboa Park for a family outing, San Diegans are conscious that MTS is there to ensure they arrive to their destination in a convenient and timely manner. Being California’s second largest city, San Diego is vulnerable to frustrating traffic during rush hours, yet people are slowly recognizing MTS’s efforts to alleviate this issue and ensure that not only arrive to their destination on time, but do so efficiently; cost is not an issue and the routes are well-planned in effort to avoid traffic. People often think badly of public transportation; MTS has become an exception since it has been invested in creating a positive experience for both San Diegans who use the transportation system on a daily basis or those who ride a single bus once.
When the City of Atlanta is mentioned, individuals automatically associate the city with its positive attributes, such as, the beautiful lights, family activities and tourist attractions. The crime that occurs often goes unmentioned; however it is increasingly becoming an issue. Forbes ranked Atlanta as the sixth dangerous city in the US with a violent crime rate of 1,433 per 100,000 residents. The city’s crime rate correlates with its poverty levels and low education rates along with Beccaria’s ideas of punishment being swift, severe and certain.
The Department of Transportation released a report analyzing three different surveys and studies taken in 2011 and 2012. They found that, at any giv...
Talking about the changes that Atlanta will go through in upcoming 50 years, I think there will be lots of changes. I see a prominent need in increase in the lifestyle of people and the march towards making lots of public transportation available to deal with traffic issues. The mentality of majority of people is that public transportations are usually for uneducated and poor people. This concept of people has to be changed to improve on the transportation facilities and eliminate the traffic hassle peopl...
Toronto is sometimes called “the city that works” . Toronto has a well-developed transportation system, which includes numerous highways, a well-planned road system, and a superb transit system, the TTC. The TTC (Toronto Transit Commission), has 1,701 buses, 248 streetcars, 640 subway cars, 146 wheelchair transit buses, 66 stations, 8,491 employees, and is the second largest transit system in North America. Toronto has many highways, such as the 400 series highways (400, 401, etc.