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Components of cultural beliefs
Essay on human evolution and culture
Essay on human evolution and culture
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Since the humble beginnings of culture, humans have constantly looked around, above and below them and pondered the mystery of creation. How did the universe come to be? What is the purpose of life? A relentless need to answer these universal inquiries, and an inexhaustible thirst for knowledge sparked cultures around the world to conceptualize and speculate various beliefs. These beliefs and faiths that erupted around the world pursued the same purpose; they aimed to find the answers to the conundrums of life. These beliefs and myths may come from various corners of the world, but nevertheless, if scrutinized and studied properly with judicious attention to the various symbols, motifs and themes, stupefying similarities will begin to reveal themselves to the conscious mind. These similarities allude to a cosmogonal connection between the thought processes of humans. The Native American creation myth, “Turtle Dives to the Bottom”, the …show more content…
Judeo-Christian creation myth Genesis, and the Nigerian creation myth “Oleron the Creator” all demonstrate and exemplify many astonishing universal connections.
One familiar universal symbol shared between creation myths would be the connection of the three worlds. These connections can come in many forms and shapes, such as trees, bridges, and even ropes. In the Genesis, the tree of life symbolizes the connections between the three worlds. The three worlds are heaven, earth, and the underworld. “…The tree of life also in the midst of the garden, and the tree of knowledge of good and evil.” (The Holy Bible, Genesis 2.9) The myth of Genesis is established around the tree of life, both literally and figuratively. This tree, is generally in the focus of the myth, and in most cases resembles a connection between the three worlds; heaven, earth, and purgatory. How does a tree connect the three worlds? The spindling and
limitless branches of the tree stretch up to heaven, the strong and stable trunk of the tree rests on earth, and the knotted and intertwined roots of the tree reach down to purgatory. Although the tree has been used many times to represent the connections of the three worlds, it is not the only symbol used. In the Native American myth, “Turtle Dives to the Bottom”, a feather rope is used to symbolize the connections between the three worlds. “Down from the sky came a rope of feathers. And down the rope came Earth Starter.” (Hamilton 35) Earth Starter, the creator, came down from Heaven. Later in the myth, Turtle “… Dives down underwater for some earth.” which implies the connection to the underworld. In the Nigerian creation myth, “… Long spiders’ webs hanging from the sky.” can be used as a connection between the three worlds as “They draped across sweeping spaces like graceful silk bridges.” (Hamilton 75) This myth, like many others, symbolizes an element as a connection between the three worlds. The connection of the three worlds is a recurring idea in the various creation myths across the world. Another reiterative theme between creation myths is the woman igniting the downfall of humankind. In many cultural myths, the women are the ones that make the first mistake, which then causes a domino effect resulting in the doom of all mankind. For example, in the Genesis, Eve, the woman, ignited the flame that led humankind to be banished from Eden and denied paradise. Eve ate the forbidden fruit and “knew” and Adam, took his wife’s word and ate the fruit and also “knew”. When confronted by an angry God, Adam defended himself by claiming, “The woman whom thou gavest to be with me, she gave me of the tree, and I did eat.” (The Holy Bible, Genesis 3) Eve was then cursed and both Adam and Eve were banished from Eden, as they had the power to know between good and evil, and had the power to challenge God. Whereas in the Native American creation myth, the woman tickles Coyote, which causes him to laugh and his intentions to create life are foiled. “… When the woman poked him in the side, he couldn’t help laughing. Because Coyote couldn’t stay still and quiet, the woman would not come to life.” (Hamilton 40) These are some myths that exemplify the reiterative theme of women making the first mistake and causing the downfall of mankind. The true values of myths are unfathomable to the human mind. Myths are perplexing things, and if they are looked at superficially and devalued; we will not gain any further knowledge of our world and never be able to answer the universal inquiry. Humans remain ignorant of the complexity of myths. These myths can aid us in the journey to reach enlightenment. These myths are the key to finding the answer to the many questions the universe has proposes, they help connect everyone in this journey called the human experience.
Creation texts and most early pieces of literature all share many of the same themes, mythology, and to an extent, the same characters. In the days that early texts like The Epic of Gilgamesh, The Bible, and Popol Vuh, epistemology was of high interest to many philosophers and writers. To answer the questions of “How did we get here,” “Why are we here,” “What do we do here,” and other ontological ponderings, texts like these were written to give some reason. One consistent theme from early literature and creation texts is that early people had the tragic flaw of a thirst for knowledge and a lack of willpower, which is shown in The Epic of Gilgamesh, The Bible, and Popol Vuh.
Williams Paden discusses the world building character of myths and their capacity to shape time and delineate scared and profane space for the communities that believe and transmit them. In William Paden, “Myth,” in Religious Worlds: The Comparative Study of Religion, he explains that within religious worlds, myths set a foundation that advance to shape a person’s way of life. Subsequently, they shape their belief and conscience. His theory relates to an element an indigenous story which is the creation story precisely the story of the turtle island. For the Ojibway and Anishinaabe people, the creation story was used as a grounding prototype to shape their belief and their outlook on how the world was created. The story shows how myth is being
The Maori myth is a Polynesian story about the creation of the universe which according to Rosenberg was different from other creation myths because it begins with nothing and then progresses through a process of “nonbeing to thought to the creation of the universe and human beings” (351). Even though it may be different because it goes from “nonbeing to thought” instead of nothingness to a spoken word or action, it has many similarities to other creation myths in how it explains the origins of the Gods and how each one represents a natural event or aspect of nature and humanity. The myth begins with an “idea” that “was remembered” and then “became conscious” and then “a wish to create”, all of which created a “power to live and to grow, even in emptiness” (352). At this point there was still no being, only thought and desire which gives the idea that what is being addressed are the human attributes of feeling, sensing, desire and thought, this is where this story is different from other creation myths.
The world on a turtle's back is an Iroquois creation story and it starts out with a pregnant woman in the sky world telling her husband to go fetch her some roots from the great tree of life. The husband was wary about messing with the great tree because in the sky world it was forbidden to touch it. But the man did as his wife had asked but when he dug a hole he found that the world was empty beneath the sky tree. He immediately refused to dig around the sky tree anymore for fear of what would happen but his wife was curious and got to close to the hole and fell into the ocean. On her way down she grabbed some roots from the great tree and some friendly birds broke her fall to the ocean. When she landed in the ocean she thought that she was certainly going to perish because their was no land for her to live on but a turtle from the ocean went and fetched her a piece of earth from the bottom of the sea and she planted the roots of the sky tree in the ground on the turtle's back and walked around it everyday.
The tree of life was in the center of the garden and is symbolic of life itself. A tree is beautiful and strong. It grows upward toward the heavens and asks little for its maintenance. It can provide food and shelter for many creatures and is, in the simplest context, only good. The tree of knowledge of good and evil represents all knowledge of the world, not necessarily the information but the ability to obtain, process, and apply knowledge. Having knowledge leads to curiosity, which leads to seeking more knowledge. Being of good and evil reflects that it is all encompassing. Good and evil are opposite ends of the spectrum in all that exists. For good to exist, evil must also be present, and thusly everything in-between. This relationship is indicative of knowledge itself, as it can be applied for good or evil purposes and also gives those who are good the ability to combat evil. Genesis tells us that “God created the human in his image” (Chapter 1). Man’s key component to this image is that of having knowledge to help him part ways from the other Earthly creatures. Through eating the forbidden fruit, man’s journey to becoming more God-like is made complete. The acquisition of
At first glance, “The Tree of Life” simply appears to be an abstract painting of a tree. In actuality, the theme of this work is considered narrative art. The symbolism of this tree appears in scripture and many cultures around the world. “The Tree of Life” is open to many interpretations depending on each culture. It conveys the circle of life and the connection of all three worlds; the underground, earth, and heaven. “There is also a show of femininity and masculinity in the tree. The tree is able to bear fruit and flowers, which is the show of female fertility while the phallic symbol, which means union, shows the masculine side” (The Meaning Behind the Klimt Tree of Life, 2011). The black bird represents death in many cultures while the tree itself and the eyes included in the painting could be interpreted as symbols of wisdom.
Since the invention of writing, civilizations have documented the accounts of how they believe themselves and the world around them were created. In this essay, I will describe and explain three of these ancient creation accounts. First, I will summarize the Enuma Elish, the creation myth of the Mesopotamian civilization. Second, I will summarize the Book of Genesis, the creation story of the ancient Israelites. Lastly, I will summarize Theogony, the creation epic of the ancient Greek people. Following my summarizations, I will compare and contrast these accounts by several criteria. I will examine: how the world was created; who created the world; what was created; and what was present at the time of creation.
The story Earth on Turtle’s Back is based on Native American’s myth on how earth was
Since the dawn of time, people from all demographics have worked to understand how the world and humanity came to exist. All cultures have come up with their own perception on the world and humanity’s creation, every single theory unique but containing universal elements: sequential forming of the earth, man’s creation and re-creation, and the extent of enlightenment of man. This suggests that there is an archetypal intellect to all human beings with a large enough spiritual capacity to have similar beliefs in creation when there are oceans and exceptionally large distances between one another. In Popol Vuh and the Book of Genesis this concept is apparent. These ideas all contribute further to the concept of what it means to be human.
Powerful mythologies are normative, as Mircea Eliade described, defining for their societies how the world may be ordered. Myths provide the living backdrop on which people may act. In the Christian societies of Europe and America the “origin myth” that defines the divine order that Christians should follow is laid out largely in Genesis, and the worldview expounded within it in some sense provides the baseline from which “scientific” alternatives must deviate, at least within the Europe and America.
Lonegran states that being human means having an unlimited number of questions regarding life and the universe; in order to answer these questions many turn to religion. Religion has traditionally been a major force in humanity’s search for meaning. Religi...
“The greatest mystery of existence is existence itself” (Chopra). Chopra, a world-renowned author, perceives the existence of life as a truly mystifying cerebration. The pending question that many scientist, and even theists, attempt to answer is how life ultimately began. Currently, the mystery is left with two propositions, evolution and creation. While both approaches attempt to answer the origins of life, evolution and creation are two contrasting concepts. Evolution views life to be a process by which organisms diversified from earlier forms whereas creation illustrates that life was created by a supernatural being. Creation and evolution both agree on the existence of microevolution and the resemblance of apes and humans but vary in terms of interpreting the origins of the life through a historical standpoint. A concept known as Faith Vs Fact comprehensively summarizes the tone of this debate, which leads the question of how life began.
Religious explanation is much different than scientific and philosophical explanation and when misunderstood can have a great conflict. Religious explanation does not originate from observation or logical deduction, but from belief of there being knowledge we don’t know of a higher being(s) who make and sometimes control us humans and the universe which we live. Religious explanation is where some of the first philosophical claims originat...
The curiosity of humanity has always driven it to powerful questions, going into the proverbial deep end of the intellectual pool. “Why are we here? What is our purpose? How did existence come to exist,” are all questions that were commonly asked by the philosophers of the ancient world. Through science, humanity has been able to vaguely answer some of these questions; however, these revelations are relatively modern. The concepts of science and provability were non-existent in the primordial world, leaving the people of the age without answers and a dark void of unawareness. In order to fill the void, the people turned to religion, ideology, and myth to sate their quest for knowledge;
Empirical observation is the body of science. But what ties facts and figures together? It is one thing to postulate and investigate an inkling. It is quite another to develop a scientific theory that harmoniously explains how all the evidence comes together. Ultimately, science must prove the theory nevertheless, even an inaccurate theory provides a scientific model to contrast new discovery. Computers only understand one and zero—yes and no. However, the human mind can also accommodate “maybe”. Ways of life and matters of faith do not fit into a scientific box. God cannot be empirically observed. Although science boldly moves towards discovering the origins of the universe and man, origin myths offer us paradigms to help us understand discoveries of the soul. Similarly, mythological legends may lend inspiration to leading our own lives and etiological myths may illuminate minds to ceremonial meaning. These are but a few of the functions and values of myths.