PROTESTS AND TRADITIONAL MEDIA
Jarre Middeljans
Designing Academy Inquiry: section [C]
Deadline: 24/3/2014
Introduction A form of political participation is protests. In this literature review the relation between different stages of protests and the role of traditional media in these specific stages will be elucidated. Yet, the relation between the traditional media and protests must be seen a bigger triptych framework consisting of the government, media and protests (Oliver and Maney 2000; Boyle, Amstrong and Mcleod 2012). The two aspects of this particular framework and their relation will be the focus of this literature review. First, the components of the traditional media which can be further explained as local, national and international
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Yet, different scholars underline the existence of the “protest paradigm” (Oliver and Maney 2000; Boyle and Schmierbach 2009; Mcleod 1999; Stein et al. 2009). This paradigm can be shortly explained as the phenomenon that the media is only focused on the dramatic and spectacle occurrences during the protests rather than focusing on the underlying reasons for the protest. This paradigm is seen as an obstruction for the role of the traditional media in covering protests (Stein et al. 2009). Another important aspect with regards to covering protests by newspapers is objectivity. As mentioned earlier, the “protest paradigm” does not enhance objectivity. On the other hand the level of pluralism in a community is an important factor in the way newspapers portray protests. This structure where the traditional media work is in important factor in the way newspapers portray protests. A less plurastic community, the fewer stories on protests because of the high level of criticism, on the other hand, a more plurastic community is less critical and more headlines appear in the news about protests (McCluskey et al. 2009). Moreover, the newspaper coverage of protests can have two outcomes: selects and distorts the portrayal of protests or infinities the predictors of an events ‘receiving news coverage (Boyle et al. 2012). In both cases tend towards a bias report by the traditional media and by comparing the different angles: from the community towards covering the protest and from the newspaper report itself show that objectivity in covering protests objectivity in news reports is not present. (Oliver and Maney 2000; Boyle et al.
398).It is also stated that news divisions reduced their costs, and raised the entertainment factor of the broadcasts put on air. (p. 400). Secondly, the media determines its sources for stories by putting the best journalists on the case and assign them to areas where news worthy stories just emanates. (p.400). Third, the media decides how to present the news by taking the most controversial or relevant events and compressing them into 30 second sound-bites. (p.402). finally, the authors also explain how the media affects the general public. The authors’ state “The effect of one news story on public opinion may be trivial but the cumulative effect of dozens of news stories may be important. This shows a direct correlation between public opinions and what the media may find “relevant”. (Edwards, Wattenberg, Lineberry, 2015, p.
Protests have long been a way for people to display their difference in opinion and gain support. One of the many protests against the war that had a powerful effect on public opini...
First, the role of the media is to represent the public and intervene between the public and the government. The media is a mirror, which re...
The media is by far the most influential mean in millions of Americans lives today and can be used to impact behaviors, especially in the vulnerable minds of children and young adults. The media is responsible for the increasing amount of violent crimes and desensitizing society with explicit imagery and the importance of our culture and contributing to negative behavior, society should pay careful attention to the kinds of role models we provide to the youth. Possibly, the most powerful source of role models can be found in every home: the computer or television. Television is a source that has given more knowledge in the past several years than any other kind of knowledge distributor, including books and newspapers. Television is the most dominant invention of the twentieth century and has created more public figures than radio, books, and magazines combined. However, the role models that are created through the television are not always upstanding citizens like Barrack Obama or Steve Jobs, but instead psychopathic murderers such as Jeffery Dahmer, Ted Bundy and Charles Manson. Not only is society fascinated by the media attention that certain types of citizens receive but they are also mesmorized by films that make these people look like tough fighters who can kill people with the snap of a finger. Actors such as Steven Segall, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and Bruce Willis have have capitalized in violent films because of the media exposure as killers and murderers.
When the concept of governance is identified, it is most often associated with states, governments, and large corporations. However, one of the doors that democracy has opened for citizens has led to their ability to influence governance in a method that states, governments, and large corporations are not able to identify with. Concerned citizens and informal project activists have the capacity to motivate and create social change through their use of new media to challenge large issues that are often kept buried by political figures and the state. Furthermore, the mass movement of individuals in society as one whole will change the perspectives of many others, who will also be likely to join in the movement to fight society's problems through tactical media. Tactical media will empower citizens to create social and political change as it provides citizens an opportunity to participate in any kind of movement that they wish, thus, not putting any restrictions on the interests of citizens; this motivates them to become active users of tactical media as they are provided with freedom...
... The digital unarmed strategies in Arab Spring are not the substitute to the physical actions and insurrections, yet they worked jointly with the traditional insurgency methods to reach greater audiences and appeal more public support. Social media is not the strategy that sparked or guaranteed the revolution, but it vitally contributed to the spread of movements. Works Cited Khondker, H., 2011. Role of the New Media in the Arab Spring?
Pressure groups are known to be small and extremely diverse formed on the basis of interest and activities, their functions give them a high public profile where minds are influenced and driven to make change. “A Pressure group is an organisation which seeks to influence the details of a comparatively small range of public policies and which is not a function of a recognised political party” (Baggott, 1995: p.2). An aim of pressure groups is to generate support which can influence political agendas; this can directly persuade the government to consider taking action. In this essay I will concentrate upon exploring on various issues on pressure groups, discussing the relationship between the groups, their use of the media and their status as “insiders” and “outsiders” in the political process. Pressure groups have two main types of groups the insiders and outsiders, which each promote a common cause with a different relationship with the media and political party making one as an unheard voice in the public sphere. To the public Pressure groups is another form where the public can engage in politics, participating directly in the political process. I will also intricate in this essay the growths of pressure groups due to the use of the media and their political engagement. The size of a group is a basic indicator of how much public support they get especially those that posse’s open membership, they mobilise through demonstrations, protest involving some non members through organised events. The different types of well known pressure grou...
Walgrave, Rens Vliegenthart & Stefaan. The Interdependency of Mass Media and Social Movements. Amsterdam : University of Amsterdam .
This article focuses on research that reveals the de-professionalization and democratization of traditional journalism. The article explores the consequences of both the relation between traditional journalism and citizen journalism. The author argues that the emergence of citizen journalism is a consequence of the current factors effecting the changes in traditional journalism. The lines between professional journalism content and amateur journalism content have become blurred. The author explains how these factors have shown to affect the field of journalism in areas of employment, media technologies, shifting patterns of media use, and media consumption.
This form of bias in media coverage forces activist groups to use more extreme protest tactics to get any coverage. This paradigm leads to a negative impression of activism among the general public, which creates a public that is ill informed about the activism
The power of the mass media has once become so powerful that its undoubtedly significant role in the world today stays beyond any questions. It is so strong that even politics uses it as a means of governing in any country around the world. The mass media has not only political meaning but also it conveys wide knowledge concerning all possible aspects of human beings’ lives and, what is utterly true, influences on people’s points of view and their attitude to the surrounding environment. It is completely agreeable about what kind of virtues the mass media is supposed to accent. Nevertheless, it is not frequent at all that the media provides societies with such a content, which is doubtful in terms of the role consigned to it. Presenting violence and intolerance as well as shaping and manipulating public are only a few examples of how the role of mass media is misunderstood by those who define themselves as leading media makers.
If one asked “What is media literacy?” a majority of people would be puzzled. Some would say that it is the ‘written’ part of media that is not usually seen or a written layout of how media should be produced. The bulk of people would say they have no idea what media literacy is. People in today’s society should be informed about media literacy. Society should be informed of what media literacy exactly is and how it applies to the field of communications.
In conclusion, the medium is the message. The way that information is presented to us plays a key role in our understanding of the topic itself. By framing the crisis in Egypt a particular way, both the old and new media sources are able to give the audience two separate understandings of the social and cultural issues at hand. The media is less interested in telling the audience about the actual story and more interested in the underlying messages of society they provide. These underlying messages lead us to define social and cultural issues the way that the media want us to. Since the media sell us both products and ideas, both personalities and worldviews, the message becomes the medium.
Imagine someone born in the early 1900’s entering a modern-day classroom. They would likely be confused as to what televisions, computers, cell phones, and other electronic devices are. It is also likely that they would be overwhelmed by the instant access to information that the internet provides. Digital media has become a large part of people’s everyday lives especially with the rise of digital media in classrooms. Digital media is growing so rapidly that people who are not adapting to this shift in culture are falling behind and becoming victims of the “digital divide”, this is leaving people misinformed. Digital media has a large effect on the way that people communicate, this is especially evident in the way that students interact with
There are numbered of news channels that have maximum coverage throughout the country. Media contribute a lot to develop public knowledge but even after years of success, media could not alter public’s attitude towards issues. Media should discourage smoothly such attitude of public. Demonstrations and protests are good to increase pressure towards the solution of any problem, but there should be a proper way to express which should result oriented.