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Main stages of child development
Stages of child development
Main stages of child development
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Toys and Activities for Babies
Children in general need to be safe and in addition to that their toys need to match their ages, especially their stages of development as well as their abilities. A lot of those safe further more appropriate playing materials for the children are free items which are typically found at home. There are those playing material which can be used in one way or the other by the children of various age groups. these could be playing materials such as plastic bowls, Cardboard boxes, lids, a collection of plastic, bottle caps, in addition to other treasures. In this case there is a website which offers suggested toys for children of different ages and in going through the website one of the main things which is supposed to be kept in mind is that each and every child develops at his or her own pace. There is a list of items which children can use for playing. The list comprises of a good choice for children with different ages that is the younger as well as the older then the suggested age range. This article majors generally on those toys for young infants that is from birth to the age of six months though mostly three and four months of age. At this stage babies like to stare at people and following them with the eyes. In general, it is at this age limits that they prefer faces as well as bright colors (Goldfield, 1987). Babies can get in touch with, can be fascinated with that which their hands as well as their feet can do, they can lift their heads, turn their it in the direction of the sounds, they put various things they come across in their mouths, and many more. They recommended good toys for young infants as well as children of different ages which are recommended have got to be
-Things which th...
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...ng to end a range of stages of growth at different periods.
References
Bromwich, R. M. (1976). Focus on maternal behavior in infant intervention. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 46(3), 439.
Campbell, A., Shirley, L., Heywood, C., & Crook, C. (2000). Infants’ visual preference for sex‐congruent babies, children, toys and activities: A longitudinal study. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 18(4), 479-498.
Goldfield, B. A. (1987). The contributions of child and caregiver to referential and expressive language. Applied Psycholinguistics, 8(03), 267-280.
Martin, C. L., Ruble, D. N., & Szkrybalo, J. (2002). Cognitive theories of early gender development. Psychological bulletin, 128(6), 903.
Pierce, D. (2000). Maternal management of the home as a developmental play space for infants and toddlers. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 54(3), 290-299.
Children develop their first sense of self at around age four, when they develop metacognition. (Berk, 2006) In pursuit of their self, they start to develop personal identities, informing their likes and dislikes as well as their disposition. Although children are born into a certain sex, they do not immediately develop a sense of gender. Their gender forms at the same time as their sense of self, by observing their outside environment. But even before the child understands their sense of self, they are already placed into gender specific play from around age 2 (Zosuls, 2007).
Egan, Susan K., and David G. Perry. "Gender Identity: A Multidimensional Analysis With Implications For Psychosocial Adjustment.." Developmental Psychology 37.4 (2001): 451-463. Print.
Harrison, L. J. and Ungerer, J. A., (2002). Maternal Employment and Infant-Mother Attachment Security at 12 Months Postpartum. Developmental Psychology, Vol. 38, No. 5, 758-773.
...vel and Sex-Stereotyped Toy Choice in Toddler Boys and Girls. Journal Of Genetic Psychology, 146(4), 527.
The toy industry makes it seem acceptable that only certain toys are suitable for one or the other gender by marketing them as such. For a parent to differ, it would mean stepping out of the box, possibly alienating their child from others with a choice that might seem odd. Rather than making their child feel or appear awkward, parents continue to support the gender biases found in toys, thereby promoting gender socialization. It is important however, that parents, as role models and consumers, must be diligent in their choices and make decisions that will help either negate or balance out gender biases in
Toy stores are perfect places for a sociologist to use their sociological imagination. Gendering and racism is thought to be something that is socially constructed as opposed to biologically constructed. Gendering starts during infancy, and around 2 years old children start to internalize these gender differences. I argue that children’s toys help socialize children into gender specific roles. Toy stores, like Target and Toys R Us help us understand what types of toys help to gender children. I will explain how the toys in the toy aisles differ and compare. Not all toys are either male or female, some toys are gender neutral.
Francis’s study analyzes three to five-year-old preschool students as well as their parents about their views about toys and viewing materials based on gender. The study showed that parental beliefs shaped their child 's opinions of gender roles based on the toys they played with. The parent 's idea of what is female and what is male is transferred onto the toys their child plays with which in terms developed their child 's stereotype of what is male and female based on their toy selection and color. In the article “How do today 's children play and with which toys?”, by Klemenovic reference that a child 's view on gender stereotypes is developed by their parents who train them on how to use the toys. Klemenovic (2014) states "Adults start training in the first months of a child 's life because knowledge of objects is the outcome of other people 's behavior towards us" (Klemenovic, 2014, p. 184). Young children’s development of gender stereotypes is largely influenced by his or her parent’s actions and view on what they consider male or female. A parent’s color preference and toy selection can influence a child’s gender bias or association to a specific
A dominant debate in current psychological research is one on gender development. Psychologists try to understand relative importance of social and cognitive factors. Various theories are brought up in this field and in this essay two of the most standard theory in this field are going to be explained. The theories covered in this essay relate to aspects of children’s thinking that are central to their gender development. This will include, Kohlberg‘s theory of gender development (1966) and Bandura‘s theory of social cognitive development (1986). Theories like these help psychologists understand how and in which way children understand behaviour and which leads them to do so.
After birth, babies immediately begin to establish a bond with his or her caregiver (BOOK). There are instances, such as childbirth complications or sickness; where infants are taken away from the mother immediately after birth. In sterile hospital settings, researchers have determined attachment activities, such as singing, “encourages the infant to strive towards maintaining homeostasis and internal equilibrium”. (A). By fostering attachment, the hospital “ultimately contributes to the infant’s psychological and physical development” (A). The child is able to receive warmth and empathy from the mother, ultimately increasing survival and stimulating physical development. (A)
Rigidity and flexibility of gender stereotypes in childhood: Developmental or differential?. Infant And Child Development, 14(4), 365-381. doi:10.1002/icd.399 Zosuls, K. M., Ruble, D. N., Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Shrout, P. E., Bornstein, M. H., & Greulich, F. K. (2009). The acquisition of gender labels in infancy: Implications for gender-typed play. Developmental Psychology, 45(3), 688-701.
As children grow older they do not have to play on the floor as much because they are able to stand up. Preschool children are able to try on clothes alone, unlike babies. Preschool children are able to communicate with their friend when playing. Three year olds are able to participate in the dramatic play area. “For young children, this area should be arranged to look like a real home” (Herr, 2008, p.176). In a dramatic play area it is made up of things that are at home. For instance, a dramatic play are may include a kitchen, furniture, dolls, and a play house. Age appropriate material should be displayed in these areas.
From the time their children are babies, parents treat sons and daughters differently, dressing infants in gender-specific colors, giving gender-differentiated toys, and expecting differe...
As children develop cognitively the types of play they engage in mirrors this development. This research can be helpful for adults because it gives them insight into how children learn through play (Tsao, 2002). For example, in order to help a child develop their ability to understand the difference between reality and fantasy, pretend games should be encouraged. Parents and teachers can help by giving children toys that require the use of imagination. This includes dress up clothes, play kitchens, and
In today’s preschool culture, the role and value of play is very important for children; a rich environment filled with playmates, opportunities to learn how to share, take turns, self-regulate, and make life-long friends only scratches the surface of why play is central for children’s development. Parents aren’t seeing what is happening: what they see as random play is actually being utilized to help the child grow socially, emotionally, and physically. Parents believe that children should be spending more time working at an academic level instead of spending their time playing with blocks, puzzles, or being with friends.
Witt, S. D. (n.d.). Parental influence on children’s socialization to gender roles. Retrieved from http://cla.calpoly.edu/~bmori/syll/311syll/Witt.html